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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/153269
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/153269


    Title: 侵害身體健康法益事件慰撫金酌定之比較研究 ─以英國與我國法實務案例為中心
    A Comparative Study on the Assessment of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases — Focusing on Practical Cases of British and Taiwanese Law
    Authors: 高婕如
    Kao, Chieh-Ju
    Contributors: 呂彥彬
    Lu, Yen-Pin
    高婕如
    Kao, Chieh-Ju
    Keywords: 身體權
    健康權
    慰撫金
    非財產上損害
    The Right to Bodily Integrity
    Right to Health
    Non-pecuniary Damege
    General Damage
    Date: 2024
    Issue Date: 2024-09-04 14:31:25 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 我國實務上關於當事人身體權、健康權受侵害而請求慰撫金判決,普遍有說 理不清、欠缺標準與金額偏低之問題。吾人難以透過判決的理由知悉法􏰀是如何 酌定慰撫金數額,在有特別考量因素之案件,也未必有明顯的金額增減,故本文 欲透過整理、分析我國近十年來實務判決,並參考英國法之作法,嘗試提出對我 國慰撫金酌定之建議。
    英國法上之非財產上損害通常稱為「一般損害」,評價對象為身體上疼痛、 精神上痛苦與生活樂趣喪失,法􏰀需綜合一切狀況評估。英國司法學􏰀早在 1992 年即出版《評定人身傷害案件一般損害賠償金指引》一書定期更新,依傷害發生 部位與嚴重程度整理歷年判決各傷勢法􏰀通常判決的慰撫金金額區間。若是車禍 導致之輕微傷害,被害人還可以透過官方傷害網站的協助請求損害賠償,或是適 用 2021 年增訂之頸椎傷害規範。而我國實務在酌定慰撫金時,通常先引最高法 􏰀的判決先例說明須考量的因素,而最常見的因素為雙方學歷、職業、經濟狀況, 再描述事故發生經過與被害人所受傷勢與本案酌定因素,最後給出一個數額。就 慰撫金數額,本文依傷勢整理近十年判決慰撫金區間,和英國法比較後可以看出 在傷勢嚴重案件,英國慰撫金金額高出我國數倍。
    本文認為我國初􏰁應參考英國《指引》一書編纂裁判彙編,提供當事人請求 或法􏰀判決時依循之,據以維持個案公平,日後再往定額化的方式邁進,簡化請 求損害賠償之程序。在酌定因素方面,我國實務應捨棄雙方職業、經濟狀況􏰂種 不會影響被害人精神上痛苦的因素,著重傷勢對被害人生活造成的影響。最後, 我國確實有身體權、健康權受侵害慰撫金過低之狀況,我國實務應更加重視被害 人精神上所遭受之痛苦與人格權而提高慰撫金金額。
    In the practice of awarding general damage in the courts of Taiwan, doubts like a lack of reasoning, a lack of standards, and insufficiency of compensation are often raised. The content of judgments usually does not provide insight into how the court derives the amount of general damage awarded to victims. Whether the court adjusts the amount awarded based on different circumstances is also unclear. This thesis attempts to analyze the judgments given in the past ten years in Taiwan and to introduce the current practice in UK, in order to suggest on how to derive general damage amounts.
    In the United Kingdom, non-pecuniary damage in British law is referred to as normal damage. The court decides the amount based on physical pain, mental suffering, loss of enjoyment of life, and other factors comprehensively. The Judicial College of the UK published《Guidelines for the Assessment of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases》 as early as 1992, which outlined the range of general damage amounts normally awarded by courts each year, based on various injury types. In cases of light injury caused by a car, victims can also seek compensation through the help of the official website or by invoking the Whiplash Injury Regulations 2021.
    In Taiwan, lower courts usually first quote the precedent set by the Supreme Court to illustrate the common factors necessary to consider in the judgment, such as the educational level, occupation, and economic status of both parties. They then describe the course of the incident, the injuries the victims suffer, and the factors considered by the court, and finally derive the sum to award the victims. This thesis finds that the average amount of general damage awarded by the courts of Taiwan is significantly lower than that awarded by the courts of UK in cases where the victims suffer serious
    injuries by outlining the range of general damage amounts awarded by the courts in Taiwan for the past ten years.
    This thesis suggests compiling judgments in Taiwan to provide standards for litigants and the courts in order to maintain fairness. The next steps are to establish fixed amounts of compensation and to simplify the procedure for seeking compensation. In terms of factors considered, the courts should abandon those that have no impact on the level of suffering of the victims, such as occupation and economic status, and focus more on the impact the injury has had on the lives of the victims.
    Lastly, the problem of the insufficiency of general damage for the infringement of body and health rights in Taiwan does indeed exist. The courts should acknowledge the extent of the mental suffering of the victims and value personality rights more by increasing the amount of general damage.
    Reference: 一、中文
    (一)書籍
    1. 王澤鑑,人格權法,自版,2022 年 2 月。
    2. 王澤鑑,損害賠償,自版,2018 年 8 月,三版。
    3. 邱聰智著、姚志明修訂,新訂民法債編通則(上),華泰文化,2013 年 9 月, 新訂二版。
    4. 林誠二,債法總論新解—體系化解說(上冊),瑞興,2021 年 10 月。
    5. 姚志明,侵權行為法,元照,2014 年 10 月,修訂三版,。
    6. 姚志明,侵權行為法研究(一),元照,2002 年 9 月。
    7. 高玉泉,英美法律與社會,新學林,2013 年 9 月。
    8. 孫森焱,民法債編總論上冊,自版,2020 年 4 月,修訂版。
    9. 陳聰富,侵權違法性與損害賠償,元照,2008 年 12 月。
    10. 陳聰富,侵權行為法原理,元照,2022 年 1 月,修訂二版。
    11. 曾世雄,非財產上之損害賠償,元照,1989 年 2 月。
    12. 曾世雄著、詹森林續著,損害賠償法原理,新學林,2021 年 9 月。
    13. 曾隆興,詳解損害賠償法,三民,2011 年 4 月,修訂三版。
    14. 楊芳賢,民法債編總論(上),三民,2020 年 9 月,修訂二版。
    15. 劉春堂,民法債編通則(下),新學林,2020 年 3 月。
    (二)期刊論文
    1. 尤重道,交通事故侵害身體健康損害賠償範圍之探討(下),全國律師,第 24 卷第 1 期,2020 年 1 月,頁 71-83。
    2. 王澤鑑,損害賠償法之目的:填補損害、損害預防、懲罰制裁,月旦法學雜 誌,第 123 期,2005 年 8 月,頁 207-219。
    201
    3. 王澤鑑,非財產上損害的金錢賠償—慰撫金,法令月刊,第 68 卷第 2 期, 2017 年 2 月,頁 1-31。
    4. 王澤鑑,時間浪費與非財產上損害之金錢賠償,萬國法律,第 57 期,1991 年 6 月,頁 2-12。
    5. 朱素貞,成本效用分析中的效用測量,當代醫藥法規月刊,第 75 期,2017 年 1 月,頁 11-16。
    6. 陳汝吟,論慰撫金與懲罰性賠償之關係:從歷史背景及功能演變談近年發展, 臺大法學論叢,第 52 卷第 1 期,2023 年 3 月,頁 73-130。
    7. 許政賢,侵權行為責任中精神損害賠償與懲罰性賠償金—以消費者保護法第 五十一條為例,政大法學評論,第 146 期,2016 年 9 月,頁 305-378。
    8. 曾淑芬;張志娟;曾薔霓;劉立凡;陳惠芳,社區高齡者憂鬱傾向及認知功
    能狀況之探討-以台灣南部地區社區高齡者為例,嘉南學報,第 37 期,2011
    年 12 月,頁 351-364。
    9. 楊崇森,英國晚近之訴訟改革,司法周刊,第 1847 期,2017 年 4 月,頁 2-
    3。
    10. 鄭育霜,再探身體與健康權之內涵—以黑心油事件判決為中心,軍法專刊,
    第 65 卷第 5 期,2019 年 10 月,頁 168-187。
    11. 鄧振球,英國最高法􏰀及其司法改革的省思,司法周刊,第 1949 期,2019
    年 4 月,頁 3。
    12. 鄧學仁,交通事故損害賠償之定額化與個別性之研究,法學叢刊,第 41 卷
    第 2 期,1996 年 4 月,頁 60-74。
    13. 戴志傑,消保法第 51 條「損害額」之範圍-評最高法􏰀民事大法庭 108 年
    度台上大字第 2680 號裁定,靜宜法學,第 10 期,2021 年 12 月,頁 125-
    156。
    (三)專書論文
    1. 王澤鑑,慰撫金,收錄於民法學說與判例研究(第二冊),自版,2009 年 12 月,頁 253-290。
    2. 陳忠五,慰撫金酌定標準之研究-以侵害身體健康法益事件類型為中心,收 錄於慰撫金酌定研討會論文集,2012 年 11 月,頁 398-454。
    3. 詹森林,侵害生命權事件慰撫金酌定標準之研究,收錄於慰撫金酌定研討會 論文集,2012 年 11 月,頁 54-120。
    4. 鄭傑夫,慰撫金酌定之標準—以生命權為中心,收錄於慰撫金酌定研討會論 文集,2012 年 11 月,頁 121-286。
    (四)研究計畫
    1. 許政賢、呂彥彬,精神慰撫金酌定標準之量表化,司法􏰀委託研究案,2022
    年 4 月。
    (五)最高法􏰀民事大法庭不同意見書
    1. 最高法􏰀民事大法庭 108 年台上大第 2680 號裁定魏大喨法官不同意見書 二、外文
    (一)英文專書
    1. Cees van Dam. 2013. European Tort Law. 2nd edn. England: Oxford University Press.
    2. Judicial college. 2022. Guidelines for the assessment of general damages in personal injury cases. 16th edition. England: Oxford University Press.
    3. Kirsty Horsey & Erika Rackley. 2023. Tort law. 8th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford university press.
    4. Santo Davide Ferrara., and Rafel Boscolo-berto/ Guido Viel. 2018. Personal Injury and Damage Ascertainment Under Civil Law: State-of-the-art International Guidelines. Switzerland : Springer.
    5. William Latimer-Sayer KC,eds. 2018. Personal Injury Schedules: Calculating Damages. 4th ed. England: Bloomsbury Publishing
    (二)英文期刊
    1. A. I. Ogus. 1972. Damages for Lost Amenities: For a Foot, a Feeling or a Function? The Modern Law Review 35:1-17.
    2. The Law Comission. 1995. Damages for Personal Injury: Non-pecuniary Loss No.257:1-199.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    109651029
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109651029
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[法律學系] 學位論文

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