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| Title: | 「免術換證」對女性安全空間「威脅」的網路言說分析
Internet Discourse Analysis on the ‘Risk’ to Women’s Safe Space Posed by ‘Gender Recognition without Surgery’ |
| Authors: | 羅映青
Luo, Ying-Ching |
| Contributors: | 方念萱
羅映青
Luo, Ying-Ching |
| Keywords: | 跨性別
女性安全空間
性別批判女性主義
跨性別女性主義
論述分析
transgender
women’s safe space
gender critical feminism
transfeminism
discourse analysis |
| Date: | 2024 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-09-04 15:04:40 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 2021年，台灣首次出現跨性別者透過行政訴訟得以免術換證的案例，「免術換證」的概念始為一般網友所認識。網友擔心待政府立法全面通過免術換證後，將壓縮順性別女性的基本權益與生活空間，尤其可能威脅女性日常使用廁所等「女性安全空間」時的安危。因此網友開始在X（原推特）等社群中發起連署並積極討論免術換證，希望能延緩或停止推行此政策。本研究分析X網友的言說，探究反對免術換證者如何認知男性、女性，以及女性日常遭逢的危殆，並且藉言說實踐建構出跨性別女性與順性別女性之間互相對立、難以共存的世界觀，合理化藉著保護順性別女性之名，排除跨性別女性的行為。
本研究以「免術換證」作為關鍵字，搜集2021年10月至2023年12月期間X網友的推文，再採用批判論述分析中的社會認知取徑，針對其中包含「安全空間」、「陰莖」等相關字眼的推文進行分析。研究發現網友討論度最高的三個話題分別為：（一）以廁所為首的女性安全空間區隔男女的必須性；（二）陰莖帶來的威脅以及女性日常的危殆感；（三）順性別女性身為「女人」感受到的相對剝奪感。根據這三個話題，歸納出反免術換證網友常用的言說策略包含：使用「我尊重，但是⋯⋯」的句型，一方面口頭承認跨女的身份認同，一方面重申性別還是要依生殖器而定；刻意混同「噁男」與「跨女」的概念，將所有具有陰莖者皆視作可能犯罪的男人；強調順女被跨運壓迫卻仍勇於面對的形象，凸顯跨女任性並且只想享受特權的形象。
研究發現，反免術網友因「陰莖恐慌」的心理，將女性在社會上遭逢侵害一律歸因於陰莖的存在，由此建立起有陰莖者等同於男人的論述，並且正當化順性別女性對跨性別女性的恐懼與排斥，鞏固唯有排除陰莖、排除跨女才能保護順女免於侵害的邏輯。反免術者主張保護女性的權益，言詞中卻反而重新維繫了二元性別秩序的霸權，建立一套排除他者的「女人」規範，恐導致對女性身體與形象的監管越來越嚴密。
In 2021, a Taiwanese trans woman successfully obtained official gender recognition on her identity card through administrative litigation without undergoing gender-affirming surgery, marking the first successful case of “gender recognition without surgery” in Taiwan. This event brought the concept of “gender recognition without surgery” to the forefront of public awareness in Taiwan. Netizens expressed concerns that if the government enacts legislation allowing gender recognition without surgery across all domains, it could infringe upon the basic rights and living spaces of cis women, particularly endangering their safety in “women’s safe spaces” such as public restrooms. As a result, netizens initiated petitions and engaged in active discussions on social media platforms like X (formerly Twitter), with the aim of delaying or halting the law’s implementation. This study explores the discourse of netizens on X, running through how opponents of gender recognition without surgery perceive men, women, and the dangers women face in daily life. Additionally, the study examines how this discourse constructs a worldview in which trans women and cis women are positioned in opposition, rendering coexistence challenging and rationalizing the exclusion of trans women under the pretext of protecting cis women.
The study collected tweets from October 2021 to December 2023 using the keyword “gender recognition without surgery”. Through the application of the socio-cognitive approach within critical discourse analysis, the study further examines these tweets, focusing on those with related terms such as “safe space” and “penis”. The study then identifies three primary topics of discussion among netizens: (1) the recognized necessity of gender segregation in women’s safe spaces, particularly restrooms; (2) the perceived threat posed by the presence of penis and the sense of danger women experience daily; and (3) the relative deprivation experienced by cis women in being a “women”. Based on these three topics, the study identifies and summarizes the discursive strategies commonly employed by netizens opposed to gender recognition without surgery. These strategies include: using the phrase “I respect transgender, but…” to verbally acknowledge the identity of trans women while simultaneously reaffirming that gender should still be determined by genitalia; deliberately conflating the concepts of “male harasser” and “trans women”, thereby treating anyone with a penis as a potential criminal; and emphasizing the image of cis women as being oppressed by transgender rights movements yet courageously confronting the threat, while depicting trans women as willful and merely seeking privileges.
The study results indicated that netizens who opposed gender recognition without surgery, driven by “penis panic”, attribute all forms of harm experienced by women in society to the presence of the penis. This perspective establishes a discourse that equates those with a penis to men, thereby justifying cis women’s fear and exclusion of trans women. It reinforces the logic that only by excluding those with a penis, and therefore excluding trans women, can cis women be protected from harm. While these opponents claim to protect women’s rights, their discourse reinforces the hegemony of the gender binary, creating a normative definition of “woman” that excludes others. This could potentially lead to increasingly stringent surveillance of women’s bodies and images. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
110464007 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110464007 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [Master`s Program in Communication] Theses
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| 400701.pdf | | 2934Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
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