| Reference: | Abaza, H. (1995) UNEP/World Bank Workshop on the environmental impacts of structural Adjustment programmes. Ecological Economics, (1), 1–5.
Abbott, P., Andersen, T. B., & Tarp, F. (2010). IMF and economic reform in developing countries. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 50(1), 17–26.
Ali, L., Nawaz, A., Iqbal, S., Aamir Basheer, M., Hameed, J., Albasher, G., Shah, S. A., & Bai, Y. (2021). Dynamics of Transit Oriented Development, role of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and urban environment: A Study for Management and policy. Sustainability, 13(5), 2536. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052536
Alliance, G. S. I. (2017). Global sustainable investment review 2016.
Angelsen, A., & Kaimowitz, D. (1999). Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models. The World Bank Research Observer, 14(1), 73-98.
Asian Development Bank. (2023). Green Infrastructure Investment Opportunities: Indonesia—Green Recovery 2022 Report. Retrieved from
Atoyan, R., & Conway, P. (2006). Evaluating the impact of IMF programs: A comparison of matching and instrumental-variable estimators. The Review of International Organizations, 1(2), 99–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-006-6612-2
Bacon, R., Bhattacharya, S., & Kojima, M. (2010). "Expenditure of Low-Income Households on Energy: Evidence from Africa and Asia." Oil, Gas, and Mining Policy Division Working Paper, World Bank.
Barbier, E. B. (2010). Global governance: the G20 and a Global Green New Deal. Economics, 4.
Barnett, H. J., & Morse, C. (2013). Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resource Availability. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. W. (2005, October). IMF programs: Who is chosen and what are the effects? Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(7), 1245–1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.04.003
Bennett, N. J., & Satterfield, T. (2018). Environmental Governance: A Practical Framework to Guide Design, Evaluation, and Analysis. Environmental Science & Policy, 85, 8-18.
Bird, G. (2007, July 11). THE IMF: A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF ITS ROLE AND OPERATIONS. Journal of Economic Surveys, 21(4), 683–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 6419.2007.00517.x
Bird, G., & Willett, T. (2004). "IMF conditionality, policy and ownership." World Development, 32(9), 1395-1414.
Blustein, P. (2001). The Chastening: Inside the Crisis that Rocked the Global Financial System and Humbled the IMF. Public Affairs.
Boockmann, B., & Dreher, A. (2003, September). The contribution of the IMF and the World Bank to economic freedom. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 633–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(03)00016-8
Change, I. P. O. C. (2007). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Agenda, 6(07), 333.
Clapp, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2011). Paths to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global Environment. MIT Press.
Cohen, R., Eames, P. C., Hammond, G. P., Newborough, M., & Norton, B. (2022). Briefing: The 2021 Glasgow Climate Pact: Steps on the transition pathway towards a low carbon world. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Energy, 175(3), 97-102.
Cole, M. A., & Elliott, R. J. R. (2003). Determining the trade–environment composition effect: The role of capital, labor and environmental regulations. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 46(3), 363-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-0696(03)00021-4
Committeri, M., Algarra, M., Balteanu, I., Eijking, C., Estefanía, J., Gallego Herrero, S., ... & Vonessen, B. (2019). Conditionality and design of IMF-supported programmes.
Conway, P. (1994, December). IMF lending programs: Participation and impact. Journal of Development Economics, 45(2), 365–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)90038-8
Corinne Le Quéré, R. M., Andrew, R. M., Peters, G., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, S., & Arneth, A. (2015). Global carbon budget 2014. Earth System Science Data, 2018, 10: 2141-2194.
Cruz, W., & Repetto, R. C. (1992). The environmental effects of stabilization and structural adjustment programs: the Philippines case. (No Title).
Daoud, A. et al. (2019) ‘The International Monetary Fund’s Interventions in Food and Agriculture: An Analysis of Loans and Conditions’, Food Policy, 83, 204–218
Daoud, A., & Reinsberg, B. (2018). Structural Adjustment, State Capacity and Child Health: Evidence from IMF programmes. International Journal of Epidemiology, 48(2), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy251
Dasgupta, S., & Wheeler, D. (2001). Environmental Strategies and Poverty Reduction: An International Perspective. In Economics of Poverty, Environment, and Natural-Resource Use (pp. 5-23). Springer, Dordrecht.
Deacon, R. T. (1994). "Deforestation and the rule of law in a cross-section of countries." Land Economics, 70(4), 414-430.
Dicks-Mireaux, L., Mecagni, M., & Schadler, S. (2000). Evaluating the effect of IMF lending to low-income countries. Journal of Development Economics, 61(2), 495–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(00)00066-3
Diffenbaugh, N. S., & Field, C. B. (2013). Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions. Science, 341(6145), 486-492.
Dreher, A. (2005, September). Does the IMF Influence Fiscal and Monetary Policy? The Journal of Policy Reform, 8(3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280500181726
Dreher, A. (2006). IMF and economic growth: The effects of programs, loans, and compliance with conditionality. World Development, 34(5), 769–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.002
Dubash, N. K. (2021), “Varieties of climate governance: the emergence and functioning of climate institutions,” Environmental Politic, 30:sup1, 1-25.
Essers, D., & Ide, S. (2019). The IMF and precautionary lending: An empirical evaluation of the selectivity and effectiveness of the Flexible Credit Line. Journal of international money and finance, 92, 25-61.
Evrensel, A. Y. (2002). Effectiveness of IMF-supported stabilization programs in developing countries. Journal of International Money and Finance, 21(5), 565-587.
Fernández, E., Junquera, B., & Ordiz, M. (2003). Organizational culture and Human Resources in the environmental issue: A review of the literature. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(4), 634–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000057628
Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2010). "Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability." Ecology and Society, 15(4), 20.
Forster, T. et al. (2019) ‘How Structural Adjustment Programs Affect Inequality: A Disaggregated Analysis of IMF Conditionality, 1980–2014’, Social Science Research, 80, 83–113.
Frankel, J. A., & Rose, A. K. (2005). Is trade good or bad for the environment? Sorting out the causality. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(1), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1162/0034653053327577
Frey, G. W., & Linke, D. M. (2002). Hydropower as a renewable and sustainable energy resource meeting global energy challenges in a reasonable way. Energy policy, 30(14), 1261-1265.
Gallagher, K. P., & Porzecanski, R. (2010). The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization. Stanford University Press.
Graven, H. D., Fischer, M. L., Lueker, T. J., Jeong, S., Guilderson, T. P., Keeling, R. F., ... & Yvon-Lewis, S. A. (2020). Updated Global and National CO2 Emissions Estimates for 2018 and 2019 in Prep.
Gyamfi, B. A. (2021). Consumption-based carbon emission and foreign direct investment in oil-producing Sub-Sahara African countries: the role of natural resources and urbanization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 29(9), 13154–13166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16509-3
Hajro, Z., & Joyce, J. P. (2009). A true test: do IMF programs hurt the poor?. Applied Economics, 41(3), 295-306.
Hamilton, K., & Hepburn, C. (Eds.). (2017). National wealth: What is missing, why it matters. Oxford University Press.
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Hearty, P., Ruedy, R., Kelley, M., Masson-Delmotte, V., ... & Lo, K. W. (2016). Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 C global warming could be dangerous. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(6), 3761-3812.
Harper, C. L., & Snowden, M. (2017). Environment and society: Human perspectives on environmental issues. Routledge.
Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
Hickel, J., & Kallis, G. (2019). "Is green growth possible?" New Political Economy, 25(4), 469-486.
Hindery, D. (2004). Social and environmental impacts of World Bank/IMF‐funded economic restructuring in Bolivia: An analysis of Enron and Shell’s hydrocarbons projects. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 25(3), 281-303.
Hsiang, S., & Kopp, R. E. (2018). An economist’s guide to climate change science. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 32(4), 3-32.
Hughes, L., & Urpelainen, J. (2015). Interests, Institutions, and Climate Policy: Explaining the Choice of Policy Instruments for the Energy Sector. Environmental Science & Policy, Vol. 54, pp. 52-63.
Hussain, M., Mir, G. M., Usman, M., Ye, C., & Mansoor, S. (2020). Analysing the role of environment-related technologies and carbon emissions in emerging economies: a step towards sustainable development. Environmental Technology, 43(3), 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2020.1788171
IMF (2015). IMF conditionality. Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/conditio.htm
IMF (2022), External Sector Report, Chapter 2, “Climate Policies and External Adjustment.” Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
IMF Support for Low-Income Countries. (2023). IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/IMF-Support-for-Low-Income-Countries
IMF. (2020). "The IMF and the Fight Against Poverty." [Online] Available at: https://www.imf.org
IMF. (2020). Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust. IMF Factsheet. https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2016/08/01/16/49/Catastrophe-Containment-and-Relief-Trust.
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the IMF. (2007). An IEO Evaluation of Structural Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs. IMF.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2021). Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. B. R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, & B. Zhou (Eds.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896
International Monetary Fund. (1986). The IMF’s structural adjustment facility. Finance & Development, 23(2). Retrieved from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/022/023/002/article-A009-en.xml
International Monetary Fund. (1997). World Economy in Transition: Experience Under the IMF’s Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility. Finance & Development, 34(3). Retrieved from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/022/034/003/article-A008-en.xml
International Monetary Fund. (2020). Climate Mitigation Policy in Denmark: A Prototype for Other Countries. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2020/235/article-A001-en.xml
International Monetary Fund. Monetary, & Capital Markets Department. (2004). Global Financial Stability Report, April 2004: Market Developments and Issues. International Monetary Fund.
IPCC, 2011: Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
IPCC. (2019). 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) Emissions Inventories. IPCC.
Jacobson, M. Z., & Delucchi, M. A. (2011). Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part I: Technologies, energy resources, quantities and areas of infrastructure, and materials. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1154–1169.
James, H. (1996). International Monetary Cooperation Since Bretton Woods. Oxford University Press.
Jordan, A., & Adelle, C. (Eds.). (2012). Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Jorgenson, A. K., Clark, B., & Kentor, J. (2010). Militarization and the Environment: A panel study of carbon dioxide emissions and the Ecological Footprints of Nations, 1970–2000. Global Environmental Politics, 10(1), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1162/glep.2010.10.1.7
Joyce, J. P. (2015). The IMF and Global Financial Crises: Phoenix Rising? Cambridge University Press.
Kaimowitz, D., Ndoye, O., Pacheco, P., & Sunderlin, W. (1998). Considering the impact of structural adjustment policies on forests in Bolivia, Cameroon and Indonesia. UNASYLVA-FAO-, 57-64.
Karanfil, F., & Omgba, L.D. (2019). "Do the IMF’s structural adjustment programs help reduce energy consumption and carbon intensity? Evidence from developing countries." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 49, 312-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2018.11.008
Kazancoglu, Y., Ozbiltekin-Pala, M., & Ozkan-Ozen, Y. D. (2021). Prediction and evaluation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions for sustainable road transport within Europe. Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102924.
Kentikelenis, A. E., Stubbs, T. H., & King, L. P. (2015). Structural adjustment and public spending on health: Evidence from IMF programs in low-income countries. Social Science & Medicine, 126, 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.027
Kessler, J. J., & Van Dorp, M. (1998). Structural adjustment and the environment: The need for an analytical methodology. Ecological Economics, 27(3), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(97)00184-5
Knight, M., & Santaella, J. A. (1997, December). Economic determinants of IMF financial arrangements. Journal of Development Economics, 54(2), 405–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(97)00049-7
Kraus, D., Krumm, F., Palahí, M., & Schuck, A. (2015). Integrating biodiversity conservation in forest management. European Forest Institute.
Lang, V. (2020). The economics of the Democratic deficit: The effect of IMF programs on inequality. The Review of International Organizations, 16(3), 599–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558- 020-09405-x
Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Hauck, J., Pongratz, J., ... & Canadell, J. G. (2018). Global Carbon Budget (2018). Earth System Science Data, 10(4), 2141–2194.
Li, Q., & Reuveny, R. (2006). "Democracy and environmental degradation." International Studies Quarterly
Lyeonov, S., Pimonenko, T., Bilan, Y., Štreimikienė, D., & Mentel, G. (2019). Assessment of green investments’ impact on sustainable development: Linking gross domestic product per capita, greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and renewable energy. Energies, 12(20), 3891.
Mercure, J. F., Pollitt, H., Viñuales, J. E., Edwards, N. R., Holden, P. B., Chewpreecha, U., ... & Knobloch, F. (2018). Macroeconomic impact of stranded fossil fuel assets. Nature climate change, 8(7), 588-593.
Mora, C., Spirandelli, D., Franklin, E. C., Lynham, J., Kantar, M. B., Miles, W., ... & Hunter, C. L. (2018). Broad threat to humanity from cumulative climate hazards intensified by greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Nature climate change, 8(12), 1062-1071.
Nikolaidis, N. P., et al. (2023). "Economic Analysis and Policies for the Environment, Natural Resources, and Energy." Energies, 16(18), 6578.
Nunn, N., & Qian, N. (2014). US food aid and civil conflict. American Economic Review, 104(6), 1630–1666
Oberdabernig, D. A. (2013). Revisiting the effects of IMF programs on poverty and inequality. World Development, 46, 113–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.033
Owen, L. A., Pickering, K. T., & Pickering, K. T. (2006). An introduction to global environmental issues. Routledge.
Raadal, H. L., Gagnon, L., Modahl, I. S., & Hanssen, O. J. (2011). Life cycle greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from the generation of wind and hydro power. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(7), 3417-3422.
Ramos, L. et al. (2022) ‘Climate Risk and IMF Surveillance Policy: A Baseline Analysis’, Climate Policy, 22, 371–388
Reed, D. (2013). Structural adjustment, the Environment and Sustainable Development. Routledge.
Reinsberg, B., Kentikelenis, A., Stubbs, T., & King, L. (2019). The World System and the hollowing out of state capacity: How structural adjustment programs affect bureaucratic quality in developing countries. American Journal of Sociology, 124(4), 1222–1257. https://doi.org/10.1086/701703
Robert, K. W., Parris, T. M., & Leiserowitz, A. A. (2005). What is sustainable development? Goals, indicators, values, and practice. Environment: science and policy for sustainable development, 47(3), 8-21.
Saunois, M., Stavert, A. R., Poulter, B., Bousquet, P., Canadell, J. G., Jackson, R. B., ... & Zhuang, Q. (2019). The global methane budget 2000–2017. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 2019, 1-136.
Seto, K. C., Dhakal, S., Bigio, A., Blanco, H., Delgado, G. C., Dewar, D., Huang, L., Inaba, A., Kansal, A., Lwasa, S., McMahon, J., Müller, D. B., Murakami, J., Nagendra, H., & Ramaswami, A. (2014). Human Settlements, Infrastructure, and Spatial Planning. In Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Soener, M. (2024). Are IMF programs raising greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in the Global South? Socio-Economic Review, mwae006.
Steffen, W., Broadgate, W., Deutsch, L., Gaffney, O., & Ludwig, C. (2015). The trajectory of the Anthropocene: the great acceleration. The anthropocene review, 2(1), 81-98.
Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. Cambridge University Press.
Stiglitz, J., & Pike, R. M. (2004). Globalization and its Discontents.
Stone, R. W. (2002). Lending credibility: The International Monetary Fund and the post-communist transition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Stubbs, T., Kentikelenis, A., & Stuckler, D. (2020). Structural adjustments and health: A systematic review of the literature. Social Science & Medicine, 267, 112496.
Stubbs, T., Kring, W., Laskaridis, C., Kentikelenis, A., & Gallagher, K. (2021). Whatever it takes? The global financial safety net, Covid-19, and developing countries. World Development, 137, 105171.
Stubbs, T., Reinsberg, B., Kentikelenis, A., & King, L. (2018). How to evaluate the effects of IMF conditionality. The Review of International Organizations, 15(1), 29–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-018-9332-5
Stuckler, D., King, L. P., & Basu, S. (2008). International Monetary Fund programs and Tuberculosis Outcomes in post-communist countries. PLoS Medicine, 5(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050143
Tol, R. S. (2018). The economic impacts of climate change. Review of environmental economics and policy.
United Nations. (2015). Paris Agreement. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf
Vreeland, J. R. (2003). The IMF and economic development. Cambridge University Press.
Vreeland, J. R. (2006). The International Monetary Fund (IMF): politics of conditional lending. Routledge.
West, J. J., Smith, S. J., Silva, R. A., Naik, V., Zhang, Y., Adelman, Z., ... & Lamarque, J. F. (2013). Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions for future air quality and human health. Nature climate change, 3(10), 885-889.
Yeboah, S., & James Nyarkoh, B. (2023). Assessing the Impact of International Monetary Fund Programs on The Ghanaian Economy: A Review of the Period Between 1992 And 2020. |
