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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/156948


    Title: 模仿的目標導向理論再探
    Revisiting the Goal-Directed Theory of Imitation
    Authors: 黃啟泰
    Contributors: 心理系
    Keywords: 模仿;目標;嬰兒;社會認知發展
    Imitation;Goal;Infants;Social-cognitive development
    Date: 2019-03
    Issue Date: 2025-05-13
    Abstract: 目標導向的模仿理論認為在模仿過程中動作要素以階層關係重組為主要目標和次要目標，在資源有限的情況下，次要目標在模仿中容易被忽略。過去研究發現嬰兒模仿他人行為時，偏好結果勝過動作方式，顯示結果被表徵為主要目標。除了動作結果，近期研究發現溝通關聯性、社會情緒線索及意圖亦影響嬰兒解讀模仿的目標。本計畫將沿襲目標導向的模仿作業，以系列實驗探討運動方向、目標區辨度及觀點等其他線索是否在解讀他人目標扮演角色。實驗1以過去研究使用的模仿目標作業，探討18個月大的嬰兒是否根據動作結果選擇性地簡化示範，重建目標導向的模仿證據。實驗2修訂實驗1的程序，延後呈現運動方向提示目標的時間，探討嬰兒的目標解讀是否依賴結果預期。實驗3使用口語提示（實驗3A）與高社會功能關聯性的物件（實驗3B），進一步澄清嬰兒在實驗2的選擇目標錯誤是否與物件目標缺乏區辨性有關。實驗4操弄嬰兒與實驗者之間的觀點差異，探討嬰兒能否從他人的視線內容解釋物件選擇，並在解釋動作結果為目標的同時，模仿觀看動作。
    The goal-directed theory of imitation holds that imitation involves perceiving an observed act as a set of goals hierarchically organized according to functionality, and, when resources are limited, reproducing major goals at the cost of less important ones. This notion is supported by evidence from children’s preferences for imitating action outcomes over styles, suggesting that outcomes are interpreted as major goals. In addition to observable outcomes, recent research shows that communicative relevance, social-emotional cues and intention can also influence how infants choose the goals to imitate. In this project, we investigate a range of potential cues that have not been explored to date, including movement direction, goal salience and actor-observer perspective. In Experiment 1, we establish evidence for the goal-directed theory by replicating the goal-choice imitation task used in previous research and studying whether 18-month-old infants selectively simplify the demonstrated actions according to observable outcomes. Experiment 2 investigates whether the preference for outcomes over action styles are reliant on goal anticipation. We modify the preceding task by delaying the timing of movement direction cue for goal choice. Experiment 3 further delineates where goal choice errors in Experiment 2 are due to the lack of goal salience, which is highlighted by verbalizing the actor’s goal (Experiment 3A) and using sociofunctionally different objects as goals (Experiment 3B). Experiment 4 is designed to explore whether infants can base goal choice on what objects others see from their perspective. We use a barrier to modify the Experiment 2 setting so that while the child sees two goals, the actor knows only one. If infants are sensitive to the difference between their and the actor’s perspective, they may be able to imitate both actions and goals accurately.
    Relation: 科技部, MOST106-2410-H004-067, 106.08-107.07
    Data Type: report
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Psychology] NSC Projects

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