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    Title: 馬來西亞華文媒體上親中論述的經濟與文化分析
    An Economic and Cultural Analysis of Pro-China Discourse in Malaysian Chinese-language Media
    Authors: 梁慧善
    Leong, Hui Shan
    Contributors: 劉昌德
    Liu, Chang-De
    梁慧善
    Leong, Hui Shan
    Keywords: 大外宣
    中華情結
    中國因素
    政治宣傳
    馬來西亞華文媒體
    China's Influence
    Chinese Complex
    Grand External Propaganda
    Malaysian Chinese Media
    Political Propaganda
    Date: 2025
    Issue Date: 2025-06-02 14:30:37 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 以2019年香港反送中事件作爲觀察起點,馬來西亞華人在大中華地區的議題和事件上展現了言論兩極化的現象,華文主流媒體在報導中國相關議題中,也展現了相當親中的立場,背後包含大量經濟與文化因素:由中國崛起促成的大外宣部署與經濟因素,以及馬來西亞在地的「中華情結」之脈絡。馬來西亞華人及華文媒體所呈現的親中態度,除了與大外宣成效有關,更不能忽視背後的文化成因及在地中國因素。本研究的核心角色是中共、馬來西亞華文媒體、及社群媒體的使用者,包括自媒體創作者及一般網民,目的是爲了探討馬來西亞華文媒體與社群媒體使用者如何呈現親中的樣貌,以及背後的經濟和文化因素,如何形成及影響馬來西亞華文媒體和華人對中國抱持好感、迎合態度,甚至主動為中國講好故事。作者將利用Herman與Chomsky提出的媒體五道過濾器為文獻分析法之框架,分析中共如何透過政治經濟及大外宣策略影響馬來西亞華文媒體的內容、中國資本與馬來西亞在地政治與經濟之關係,以及如何運用「去共產化」意識形態的軟實力,滲透進馬來西亞華文媒體中。接下來,作者將利用論述分析法剖析2019年反送中事件,探討馬來西亞華文媒體的親中現象。最後,研究者將以半結構式訪談法探討馬來西亞的在地族群政策、家庭與華文教育、政治經濟及華文媒體,如何強化在地華人及自媒體創作者的「中華情結」,進而影響他們產出的媒體内容,探索大外宣在馬的經濟關係以外,更深層的在地中國文化之因素。本研究發現,中國大外宣透過五道過濾器滲透馬來西亞華文媒體,結合華人社群的中華情結,有效建構親中敘事與情感共鳴。另外,馬來西亞華人對中國的情感與認同難以被簡化為單一類型,而是展現出處於「中華情結灰色地帶」的流動性與多義性;其中,策略性與情感性中華情結交錯交織,反映了華人在特定社會結構中,如何在文化情感、經濟動機與政治現實之間調適與再現其對「中國」的多層次回應。
    Taking the 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition movement as a starting point for observation, this study finds that Malaysian Chinese exhibit polarized discourses regarding issues and events related to the Greater China region. At the same time, Chinese-language mainstream media in Malaysia have shown a markedly pro-China orientation in their coverage of China-related topics. This tendency is shaped not only by China’s rise and its global external propaganda strategies (大外宣), but also by local economic and cultural factors—most prominently, the longstanding presence of a "Chinese complex" (中華情結) among Malaysian Chinese communities. The research focuses on three primary actors: the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Chinese-language media in Malaysia, and Chinese social media users, including both self-media content creators and general netizens. It aims to investigate how pro-China narratives are represented in both mainstream and digital media, and how these narratives are influenced by local structural conditions, including economic incentives and cultural affiliations. Indeed, the mechanisms through which Chinese soft power penetrates Malaysian media spheres, particularly through ideological reframing and commercial integration. The study adopts Herman and Chomsky’s "The Five Filters of the Propaganda Model” as an analytical framework to explore how Chinese political-economic interests shape media content in Malaysia. It also considers how Chinese capital intersects with Malaysia’s domestic political economy, and how the CCP’s soft power initiatives—strategically distanced from communist ideology—gain traction in Chinese-language media. Discourse analysis of media reports on the 2019 Hong Kong protests is employed to uncover patterns of alignment with pro-China narratives. Additionally, semi-structured interviews are conducted to explore how local ethnic policies, family socialisation, Chinese-language education, and media exposure reinforce the Chinese complex among both media producers and audiences. Findings indicate that China’s external propaganda effectively infiltrates Malaysian Chinese-language media through the five filtering mechanisms, generating both ideological alignment and affective resonance. The study argues that the Chinese complex itself constitutes a dynamic and evolving affective-ideological condition, best understood as existing within a “grey zone” of identity negotiation. Within this space, strategic and emotional forms of the Chinese complex often coexist, intersect, or conflict, reflecting the multiple ways in which Malaysian Chinese individuals navigate cultural attachment, economic opportunity, and political uncertainty in their responses to China.
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    國立政治大學
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