| Abstract: | 對價平衡原則在我國保險法實務及學界都受到高度的重視，該原則不但是保險法的重要基礎原則，在現行保險法中也有不少其具體化規範。然而，儘管如此，對價平衡原則終究非實定法所明文的原則，其確切的拘束力仍然有待進一步探討。首先，對價平衡原則於保險法的具體規範，如保險法第64 條、第59 條、第23 條及第26 條，雖然大體而言都服膺於對價平衡原則的意旨，而追求要保人所交交保費與保險人承擔危險之平衡，然而，事實上此些具體規範在一些特殊案例中的解釋與適用，卻可能會產生偏離對價平衡的結果。要妥適地處理這一些偏離對價平衡原則的適用結果，除了要更進一步地釐清對價平衡原則的作用與意涵，也要去探討是否有其他保險法上的原則在這一些具體規範發生作用，例如保護消費者的原則。除了保險法中的具體規範外，我們也可以發現在實務的不少案例中，法院直接援引對價平衡原則作為判決依據，尤其是以對價平衡原則解釋保險人的承保範圍。然而，如此作法卻可能與保險法中其他的具體規範產生衝突，如保險法第54 條第2 項的「疑義有利消費者」的規範。就以上兩種對價平衡原則在實定法與實定法之外的問題，本計畫擬就對價平衡原則的意涵、適用的範圍作更深入的探討，也會就對價平衡原則與其他保險法原則的衝突作利益衡量，以探討對價平衡原則拘束力的界線。
Principle of equilibrium in insurance law has be highly emphasized both in theory and in practice. This principle not only is one of important principles in insurance law, but also has many concrete rules in statue. However, even so, principle of equilibrium still has not been written into insurance code in Taiwan. Thus, what is the exact binding force of principle of equilibrium, is remained as a question. At first, although the concrete rules of principle of equilibrium, like article 64, 59, 23, 26 of insurance code, generally follow the meaning of principle of equilibrium, these rules would deviate from the principle of equilibrium, while they are applied into some special cases. In order to deal with these deviations properly, we have to clarify the actual effect and content of principle of equilibrium, and then exam if there is any other principle, like consumer protection, affecting on the interpretations of these rules. Besides the concrete rules of principle of equilibrium, we also observed that, in many case, especially in the case of insurance coverage’s interpretation, court applied principle of equilibrium directly as a legal source without any support from statue. However, such deed may breach some other rules in insurance code, like article 54 paragraph 2, which interprets the vague clause in insurance contract in favor of insured. To solve the issues above, this plan will discuss deeply the meaning and scope of principle of equilibrium. This plan will also balance the benefit and cost, when we deal with the conflict between principle of equilibrium and other principle in insurance law, so as to find the limitation of principle of equilibrium’s binding. |
