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| Title: | 台灣性別薪資差距的反事實分配拆解：分量選擇模型的實證應用
Counterfactual Decomposition of Gender Wage Gaps in Taiwan: An Empirical Application of the Quantile Selection Model |
| Authors: | 徐于婷
Hsu, Yu-Ting |
| Contributors: | 廖仁哲
Liao, Jen-Che
徐于婷
Hsu, Yu-Ting |
| Keywords: | 分量選擇模型
反事實分量拆解
性別薪資差距
異質性
選擇偏誤
Counterfactual Quantile Decomposition
Gender Wage Gap
Heterogeneity
Quantile Selection Model
Selection Bias |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-08-04 12:50:47 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究旨在實證分析台灣性別薪資差距於薪資分配的異質性與變動趨勢，特別聚焦於女性勞動參與所造成的自我選擇偏誤問題。我們結合2002至2017年台灣人力運用調查資料，採用Arellano and Bonhomme(2017)所提出之分量選擇模型，透過參數化copula函數刻劃女性薪資與勞動參與決策間誤差項的相關性，據以進行薪資分量迴歸估計與選擇偏誤修正，並進一步透過模擬反事實薪資分配進行分量拆解。實證結果顯示，2002至2017年間，在修正選擇偏誤後，性別薪資差距隨時間在整體薪資分配中縮小0.060至0.323個對數點，且在低薪資群體的收斂幅度較為顯著。這些縮小幅度高於未修正選擇偏誤時的估計結果，顯示女性勞動參與存在正向選擇現象。此外，反事實分量拆解結果發現，結構效果（反映無法觀察的性別特性、報酬與其他因素差異）為性別薪資差距的主要來源，其貢獻比例普遍超過100%，且隨薪資分量上升而遞增，惟其改善幅度在高薪資群體相對有限。相較之下，高薪資女性的組成效果（反映可觀察的性別特性差異）相對顯著，有助於縮小性別薪資差距，而其選擇效果（反映女性勞動參與行為）則較不明顯，與該群體具有較高勞動參與率的結果相符。
This study empirically investigates the heterogeneity and trends of gender wage gaps in Taiwan, with particular attention to selection bias arising from female labor force participation. Using data from Taiwan's Manpower Utilization Survey(2002–2017), we adopt the quantile selection model proposed by Arellano and Bonhomme (2017), which incorporates a parametric copula function to model the dependence between the unobservables in wage determination and labor force participation decisions. This framework enables us to correct for selection bias in quantile wage regressions and perform counterfactual quantile decompositions of gender wage gaps. The empirical results reveal that the selection-corrected gender wage gaps fell by 0.060–0.323 log points across the wage distribution over time, with more pronounced convergence at the lower end. These declines are larger than those observed without correcting for selection, indicating the presence of positive selection into employment among women. Our counterfactual quantile decomposition further shows that structural effects (reflecting unobserved gender-specific characteristics and returns) are the dominant source of wage gaps, accounting for over 100% across quantiles and increasing with wage levels, although their convergence is limited among high-wage earners. In contrast, composition effects (capturing observable gender differences) are more substantial for high-wage women and help narrow the gap. Selection effects (driven by women’s labor participation behavior) for high-wage women are minimal, consistent with their higher labor force participation rates. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
112258017 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0112258017 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [經濟學系] 學位論文
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