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| Title: | 壓力下睡眠脆弱性與內外在訊息處理特徵之關聯—以事件相關電位 ( ERP )、心跳誘發電位 ( HEP ) 探討
The relationship between stress-related sleep vulnerability and information processing: an ERP and HEP study. |
| Authors: | 王毓璟
Wang, Yu-Jing |
| Contributors: | 楊建銘
Yang, Jian-Ming
王毓璟
Wang, Yu-Jing |
| Keywords: | 壓力下睡眠脆弱性
過度激發
訊息處理
內在覺感
Stress-related sleep vulnerability
Hyperarousal
Information processing
Interoception |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-08-04 14:04:49 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 研究目的
以神經認知觀點而言，失眠乃因個體中樞神經太過於活躍，而使其知覺及訊 息處理增加，以致睡眠受到干擾;而後續研究也支持，失眠者相較於好眠者無論在清 醒時段或入睡時段皆有較高程度的訊息處理表現。而在未失眠族群中，具有高壓力下 睡眠脆弱性者，不僅有較高的失眠風險，亦展現與失眠者相似的過度激發特性，然其 訊息處理表現則仍有待進一步釐清。此外，過去研究多側重於外在訊息對於睡眠的影 響，而較少將內、外在訊息一併討論，其中個體於訊息間的注意力調控亦扮演著重要 角色。本研究旨於探討高、低壓力下睡眠脆弱性族群於訊息處理表現上的特徵差異， 包括於靜息狀態下對於外在及內在訊息的處理反應，以及於內、外在覺感注意力情境 下的訊息處理反應，盼以更具整合的角度了解訊息處理於失眠中的角色。
研究方法
本研究招募 35 名健康參與者，排除 4 名資料量不足者後，共納入 31 名參與 者進行分析，參與者平均年齡 24 歲。依據 FIRST 量表分數中位數 18 分作為切分點， 分為高壓力下睡眠脆弱性組 ( HV，n = 15，男 : 女 = 5 : 10 ) 與低壓力下睡眠脆弱性組
( LV，n = 16，男 : 女 = 10 : 6 )。透過自陳式問卷評估參與者的睡前激發程度與內在覺 感經驗，並搭配實驗作業進行事件相關電位 ( Event–Related Potentials，ERP ) 及心跳誘 發電位 ( Heartbeat–Evoked Potentials，HEP ) 測量。作業依序為:( 1 ) 靜坐休息:測量 靜息狀態下對內在訊息的處理反應;( 2 ) 內外在注意力作業:包含「注意心跳」及 「注意白噪音」兩種情境，以測量內、外在不同注意力情境下對內在訊息的處理反 應;( 3 ) 被動聆聽作業:測量靜息狀態下對外在訊息的處理反應;( 4 ) 內外在計數作 業:包含「計算心跳數」及「計算聲響數」兩種情境，以測量內、外在不同注意力情 境下對外在訊息的處理反應。外在訊息的處理反應以額葉與中央電極 ( Fz、Cz ) 上之 ERP 成分 N1 與 P3 為分析指標;內在訊息的處理反應則以相同電極位置上所記錄之 HEP 成分為指標。統計分析方面，使用 t 檢定比較 HV 與 LV 組之問卷量表分數與靜 息狀態下的 ERP 與 HEP 反應;採用變異數分析 ( ANOVA ) 檢視不同注意力情境下 ERP 與 HEP 的差異。
研究結果
在靜息狀態下，HV 與 LV 組在處理外在聲音訊息的 ERP 成分 ( N1 與 P3 ) 以及內在心跳訊息的 HEP 反應上，皆未呈現顯著差異。而分析不同注意力情境下的 ERP 反應差異，結果顯示，在「計算心跳數」與「計算聲響數」兩種情境中，N1 成分 於 Fz 電極位置出現顯著的情境效果 ( F [1, 29] = 5.30, p = .029 )，且組別與情境的交互 作用效果趨近顯著 ( F [1, 29] = 3.14, p = .087 )。事後分析發現，當參與者將注意力導向 外在聲音訊息時，其對外在訊息的處理反應更快速且幅度更大。此外，HV 組在不同 注意力情境下的反應變化幅度，較 LV 組呈現更大的趨勢 ( p = .087 )。至於 P3 成分， 則未顯示顯著的情境效果、組別效果或交互作用效果。在 HEP 的部分，分析「注意心 跳」與「注意白噪音」兩種注意力情境下的反應差異，結果顯示於 Cz 電極位置上的情 境效果與組別效果皆未達顯著，但交互作用效果趨近顯著 ( F [1, 29] = 3.75, p = .063 )。 事後分析顯示，LV 組在不同注意力情境下，對內在訊息的處理反應變化幅度，呈現高 於 HV 組的趨勢 ( p = .063 )，然而其 HEP 反應在外在覺感注意力情境下，反而高於內 在覺感注意力情境。
結論
HV 組對內、外在訊息處理的反應與 LV 組相似，顯示 HV 族群在一般狀態下不 具有過度訊息處理的傾向，支持過度訊息處理可能是長期失眠下所發展出的後果，而 非失眠病前即存在的穩定特質。而在需要主動調控注意力資源的作業中，兩組的表現 在 ERP 及 HEP 的測量上亦皆無顯著差異，僅 HV 組在外在訊息的處理上展現出相對 較靈敏的注意力調節傾向，此現象可能與其較高的認知激發水平有關。而 LV 組在外 在覺感注意力情境下的 HEP 反應反而高於內在覺感注意力情境，與過往研究結果不一 致，相關機制仍待未來研究進一步釐清。
Introduction
From a neurocognitive perspective, insomnia is associated with heightened central nervous system activity, leading to enhanced sensory and information processing. Studies have shown that compared to good sleepers, individuals with insomnia exhibit elevated levels of information processing during both wakefulness and sleep onset. Among individuals without insomnia, those with high stress-related sleep vulnerability face a greater risk of developing insomnia. They also demonstrate hyperarousal traits similar to those observed in individuals with insomnia. However, their patterns of information processing remain unclear. Moreover, while prior research has primarily focused on the effects of external stimuli on sleep, fewer studies have examined internal and external information concurrently. Notably, attentional modulation between information sources plays a crucial role. This study aims to investigate differences in information processing between individuals with high and low stress-related sleep vulnerability, focusing on resting-state responses to internal and external stimuli, as well as responses under interoceptive and exteroceptive attentional conditions. This integrated approach is expected to further clarify the role of information processing in insomnia.
Method
A total of 35 healthy participants were recruited. After excluding four due to insufficient data, the final analysis included 31 participants (mean age = 24). Based on the median score of 18 on the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), participants were categorized into two groups: high stress-related sleep vulnerability (HV; n = 15, M : F = 5 : 10) and low stress-related sleep vulnerability (LV; n = 16, M : F = 10 : 6). Self-report questionnaires were used to assess pre-sleep arousal and interoceptive experiences. Event-related potentials (ERP) and heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) were measured during a series of tasks: (1) Resting- state: measuring the processing of internal information during resting state; (2) Heartbeat attention task: including two conditions, focusing on heartbeat and focusing on white noise, to assess the processing of internal information under different attentional states directed toward internal versus external stimuli; (3) Passive listening task: measuring the processing of external information during a resting state; (4) Heartbeat counting task: focusing on either heartbeat or auditory tones to assess the processing of external information under different attentional states. The processing of external information was indexed by the ERP components N1 and P3 recorded at Fz and Cz electrodes, while the processing of internal information was indexed by the HEP components recorded at the same electrode sites. For statistical analysis, independent-sample t-tests were used to compare questionnaire scores and resting-state ERP and HEP responses between the HV and LV groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine differences in ERP and HEP responses across different attentional conditions.
Result
In the resting state, no significant differences were found between the HV and LV groups in their ERP components (N1 and P3), nor in their HEP responses. In examining differences in ERP responses across different attentional conditions, results showed a significant effect of condition on the N1 component at the Fz electrode during the “heartbeat counting” and “sound counting” tasks (F [1, 29] = 5.30, p = .029), with a trend toward a significant interaction between group and condition (F [1, 29] = 3.14, p = .087). Post-hoc analysis revealed that participants responded faster and with greater amplitude to external auditory stimuli when their attention was directed outward. Moreover, the HV group showed a trend toward greater variability in response amplitude across attentional conditions compared to the LV group (p = .087). As for the P3 component, no significant main effects or interaction effects were observed. Regarding HEP responses, the analysis of differences between the “heartbeat attention” and “white noise attention” conditions revealed no significant condition or group effects at the Cz electrode; however, a trend toward a significant interaction effect was found (F [1, 29] = 3.75, p = .063). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the LV group tended to exhibit greater variability in internal signal processing across attentional conditions compared to the HV group (p = .063). Unexpectedly, their HEP responses were higher during exteroceptive attention than during internal interoceptive attention.
Conclusion
The HV group demonstrated similar internal and external information processing responses as the LV group under general conditions, suggesting that excessive information processing may be a consequence of chronic insomnia rather than a predisposing trait. Although ERP and HEP responses did not significantly differ between groups during tasks requiring attentional control, the HV group demonstrated a trend toward more sensitive attention modulation to external stimuli, which may be linked to their hyperarousal tendencies. On the other hand, although the LV group showed a trend toward greater modulation of internal signal processing across attentional states, their HEP responses were paradoxically higher in the exteroceptive attention condition than in the interoceptive condition, which is inconsistent with previous findings and warrants further investigation in future research. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
109752021 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109752021 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [心理學系] 學位論文
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