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| Title: | 台灣新南向政策與宗教非營利組織：慈濟的醫療外展在菲律賓
Taiwan's New Southbound Policy and Religious NGOs: Tzu Chi's Medical Outreach in the Philippines |
| Authors: | 顧童牧
Kuklinski, Thomas |
| Contributors: | 李玉珍
Li, Yu-chen
顧童牧
Kuklinski, Thomas |
| Keywords: | 慈濟基金會
國際慈善
新南向政策（NSP）
宗教非營利組織
臺灣軟實力
Tzu Chi Foundation
International Charity
New Southbound Policy (NSP)
Religious NGOs
Taiwanese Soft Power |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-08-04 14:39:30 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本論文探討佛教慈濟基金會在臺灣「新南向政策」（NSP）中的角色。新南向政策是臺灣政府推動的外交政策，指定九間醫院到東南亞發展醫療合作，旨在強化臺灣在東南亞的軟實力。與其他參與該政策的非政府組織相比，慈濟擁有龐大的國際網絡、集中的行政體系，以及鮮明的臺灣宗教身份。慈濟長期以來雖與政府合作從事慈善工作，近年來政府則更進一步主動將慈濟作為外交工具運用，開啟了慈濟組織發展與轉型的新階段。儘管本論文具有跨領域的性質，重心仍為當代臺灣佛教的研究，聚焦於慈濟在臺灣的實踐工作。本研究納入國際關係、發展研究與族群研究等主題，旨在透過多元視角，深入解析慈濟賑災行動與組織運作上的變化與轉向。
本研究採用質性研究方法，透過訪談慈濟行政人員與參與新南向計畫的菲律賓人士，並結合慈濟年鑑資料、菲律賓人口普查數據、臺菲新聞報導與慈濟月刊等核心文獻與資料，分析慈濟的組織運作。本研究關注種族、階級、宗教、年齡與族裔如何影響參與者的經驗與認知，並進一步探討慈濟將NGO運作神聖化為宗教實踐的過程及其跨文化傳播的可能性。
研究發現，隨著與政府的合作加深，慈濟的宗教權威有所弱化，取而代之的是政治正當性的提升。慈濟組織逐漸擺脫對佛教與僑民網絡的依賴，改以援助資源吸引參與，並透過宗教道德的培養作為取得資本的途徑。新南向政策確實強化了臺灣總部與菲律賓分會的關係，但此一鞏固主要透過對菁英網絡的資本密集型投資，而非廣泛的援助行動。儘管這些變化尚未改變慈濟在區域內的整體動態，但的確提升了其在菲律賓社會的影響力。本研究有助於理解宗教性非政府組織在臺灣外交政策中的角色，並觀察慈濟如何在擴展過程中超越宗教與僑民網絡，朝向政治與經濟取向的發展。此外，本研究亦揭示，隨著慈濟組織的專業化與多元化，其宗教身份也正逐漸轉變。
This thesis examines the Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation’s role as one of nine Taiwanese organizations participating in the Taiwanese government’s New Southbound Policy (NSP), "One Country, One Center" medical training initiative, a foreign policy initiative aimed at strengthening soft power in Southeast Asia through medical training. Unlike the other organizations involved in this medical training initiative, Tzu Chi brings an extensive international network, centralized administration, and a distinctly Taiwanese religious identity. While the organization has long engaged in charity with government support, its involvement in the NSP signals a shift: the state is now actively deploying Tzu Chi as a tool of diplomacy. This marks a new phase in Tzu Chi’s development, enabling both institutional expansion and transformation. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of this thesis, this work is still primarily a study of contemporary Taiwanese Buddhism focusing on Tzu Chi’s work in Taiwan. Themes of international relations, development studies, and ethnic studies are integrated into this research to contextualize changes in Tzu Chi’s relief work and administration.
Drawing on interviews with Tzu Chi administrators and Filipino participants, analysis of Tzu Chi Yearbook data, Filipino census figures, media reports, and Tzu Chi publications, this thesis explores how class, religion, age, and ethnicity shape participation. It also considers how Tzu Chi’s religious framing of NGO work travels cross-culturally, particularly in the Philippines. Findings suggest that increased government collaboration dilutes Tzu Chi’s religious authority in exchange for political legitimacy. The organization has become less reliant on Buddhist or diaspora ties, instead fostering participation through aid distribution and moral formation tied to material access.
While the NSP deepened ties between Tzu Chi Taiwan and its Philippine branch, this occurred through targeted, capital-intensive investments in elite networks, rather than broad-based aid. These developments did not reshape Tzu Chi’s regional dynamics, but did increase its societal influence in the Philippines. Ultimately, this case sheds light on how religious NGOs navigate foreign policy, grow beyond ethnic networks, and adapt their identity amid professionalization and state partnerships. |
| Reference: | Bibliography
Note: Chinese language works are organized alphabetically by author’s last name. For works, publishers, and journal titles without English names, this information was translated by the author. For authors whose names do not have set English translations, their names have been romanized with Hanyu Pinyin without diacritics.
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to Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hoping to Become Angels in White”.
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鄧明怡 與 楊婕庭 義診善緣情綿密 慈善醫療深扎根. 大愛電視, 慈濟基金會 10 Sept. 2016,
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Zheng Ming-yi, and Yang Jie-ting. “Free Clinics Build Lasting Bonds; Charity Medicine Takes
Deep Root.” Da Ai Television Tzu Chi Foundation, 10 Sept. 2016, www.daai.tv/news/master/206045. Accessed 7 June 2025.
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Chen Chih-hua, “Largest Nurse Resignation Wave in 30 Years: Nurses’ Union Protests Outside
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例》，國立政治大學企業管理學系，碩士論文，2002，
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0006-14-15
Chu-Ju Lin. “School-Funded Indigenous Nursing Classes at Tzu Chi University of Science and
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0006-14-15
蔡胤㯋與 許智香。 〈菲律賓長照專班學生對慈濟人文課程的學習知覺與課程實踐〉。
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〈開創原民護理路－談慈濟技術學院原住民公費補助〉，《志為護理-慈濟護理雜誌》7.2
(2008): 30-33. 華藝線上圖書館， 網路，https://doi.org/10.6974/TCNJ.200804.0030. Accessed: June 2, 2025.
Inauguration of Nursing Careers for the Aboriginals-About Subsidies for Aboriginal Student
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高靖秋 〈二十一世紀台灣護理面對的挑戰〉， 《榮總護理雜誌 》， 23卷, 2期, 2006，
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Kao, Ching-chiu. “The Challenges the Nursing Profession is Facing in Taiwan in the 21st
Century”. Veterans General Hospital Nursing Journal, Volume 23, Issue 2, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.6142/VGHN.23.2.205 Accessed 5 December 2024.
高夏字。〈開創原民護理路，談慈濟技術學院原住民公費補助〉。《慈濟護理期刊》，7
卷，2008，https://doi.org/10.6974/TCNJ.200804.0030 。Accessed 18 March 2025。
Kao, Hsia-tzu “Inauguration of Nursing Careers for the Aboriginals – about Subsidies for
Aboriginal Student Nurses of TCCN” Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, Volume 7, Issue 2, 2008. https://doi.org/10.6974/TCNJ.200804.0030 . Accessed 18 March 2025.
李娟娟。《公費制度對原住民生影響之探討-以慈濟技術學院為例》。慈濟大學教育研究
所，碩士論文，2016，
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%22.&searchmode=basic&extralimit=asc=%22慈濟大學%22&extralimitunit=慈濟大學
Accessed: 5 December 2024.
Lee, Jane. To Investigate the Impact of Publicly Funded System on Indigenous Students-A Case
of Tzu Chi College of Technology (Master’s Thesis). Tzu Chi University, Graduate
Institute of Education, 2016.
https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22104TCU00331013
%22.&searchmode=basic&extralimit=asc=%22慈濟大學%22&extralimitunit=慈濟大學
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劉蓁蓁。《菲律賓獨魯海燕颱風災後重建－慈濟以工代賑援助策略的慈善人類學研究》。
慈濟大學人類發展與心理學系 ， 碩士論文，2017，
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Liu, Chen-chen. Reconstruction of Tacloban City of Philippines after Haiyan typhoon: Tzu Chi
Foundation's “cash for work” strategy from the perspective of charity anthropology
(Master’s Thesis). Tzu Chi University, Department of Human Development and
Psychology, 2017, https://hdl.handle.net/11296/d5ww5b. Accessed: 5 December 2024.
何日生。〈證嚴上人的慈善思想與實踐〉。《慈濟思想論述學術研究》，2017，
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A9%B6/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3/item/234。Accessed 18 March 2025.
He, Risheng. “Master Cheng Yen’s Thoughts on Charity and Practice” Academic Research on
Tzu Chi Thought and Discourse, 2017,
https://tw.tzuchi.org/tcstudy/index.php/%E6%85%88%E6%BF%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%
A9%B6/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3/item/234. Accessed 18 March 2025.
陳秀玲，《宗教性非營利組織國際化發展策略研究－以佛教慈濟慈善事業基金會為例》，
國立政治大學企業管理學系，碩士論文，2020。
Hsiu Lin Chen, “A Study on Internationalization Strategies of Religious Nonprofit
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National Chengchi University, 2020.
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濟志業/國際賑災#:~:text=慈濟國際賑災簡介&text=慈濟自1991年,理念卻是始終如
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王增勇。〈災後重建中的助人關係與原住民主體原住民要回到誰的家？〉。《台灣社會研
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吳進輝。 《醫行千里 有愛與你相髓》， 慈濟全球社區網 2023年12月5日，
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30-53&id=119960%3A8DF87810937211EE8715A2155D080D85&tmpl=component&pr
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Wu Jinhui. “Medical Mission Across a Thousand Miles: United in Love and Marrow” Tzu Chi
World Wide Community, 5 Dec. 2023,
https://tw.tzuchi.org/community/index.php?view=article&catid=177%3A2016-08-30-03-
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2025. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
宗教研究所
109156008 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109156008 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [宗教研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
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| 600801.pdf | | 8298Kb | Adobe PDF | 2 | View/Open |
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