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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158752


    Title: 待命時間之工時認定與判斷基準 – 台灣與美國之比較
    Waiting Time: Dispute for Recognizing As Working Hours and Its Criteria: Comparison Between Its Practice in Taiwan and the United States
    Authors: 李牧謙
    Lee, Mu-Chien
    Contributors: 林佳和
    Lin, Jia-He
    李牧謙
    Lee, Mu-Chien
    Keywords: 待命時間
    工作時間
    候傳時間
    備勤時間
    Waiting Time
    Working Hours
    On-Call Time
    Standby Time
    Date: 2025
    Issue Date: 2025-08-04 15:30:35 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 待命時間存在於各行各業中,惟其是否屬於工作時間,我國勞動基準法至今無明文規定,這造成勞資間有關工作時間與工資之糾紛。
    本論文首先釐清待命時間與工作時間之定義與內涵。我國學說認為工作時間係指勞工在雇主明示或默示下提供勞務之時間,待命時間則是勞工受令等待提供勞務之時間。美國公平勞動基準法認為,工作時間係指勞工為了雇主之利益而進行勞務的所有時間,待命時間則是勞工受雇主支配且自由受到限制,處於等待提供勞務之時間。
    接者,本論文整理我國學說和實務有關待命時間是否為工作時間之判斷基準,並與美國的實務判決進行比較。我國學說與實務多以勞工於待命時間是否受雇主之指揮監督、勞工之注意程度及勞工於待命時間是否存在懲處規定等要件作為認定工作時間之判斷基準。美國法院則以雇主之受益程度與勞工個人時間之完整性作為判斷依據。
    最後,本論文建議我國勞動基準法增訂工作時間之定義,並將待命時間作為工作時間之一部分,以此保障勞資雙方之權利。
    Waiting time exists in various industries. However, Taiwan's Labor Standards Act doesn’t regulate whether waiting time is considered working hours. This legal ambiguity has led to frequent disputes between employers and employees regarding working hours and wages.
    First, the thesis clarifies the definitions and connotations of “waiting time” and “working hours”. According to Taiwanese scholarly discussions, working hours refer to the time when the employee provides labor services under the explicit or implicit instruction of the employer, while waiting time refers to the time when the employee is asked to await instructions to provide labor services. The U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act states that working hours refer to all the time during which the employee performs labor services for the benefit of the employer, while waiting time refers to the time during which the employee awaits instructions to provide labor services under the control of the employer, with his or her freedom restricted.
    The thesis then discusses the criteria for determining whether waiting time should be considered working hours. The thesis collects and analyzes Taiwanese scholarly discussions and judicial decisions, and conducts a comparative analysis with the criteria applied in U.S. court cases. The thesis finds that, in Taiwan, whether in academia or judicial practice, the determination of whether waiting time is considered working hours is mainly based on key factors such as, the degree of control or supervision by the employer, the degree of concentration required by the employee during the waiting time, and whether there are penalties. In contrast, U.S. courts make their decisions based on the extent to which the employer benefits and the integrity of the employee's personal time.
    Finally, this thesis recommends that Taiwan’s Labor Standards Act include definitions of working hours and specify that waiting time should be included as part of working hours, thereby protecting the rights of both employees and employers.
    Reference: ㄧ、中文文獻(按姓名筆劃排序)

    (ㄧ)中文書籍
    1. 李玉春,待命時間──臺灣高等法院高雄分院104年度勞上字第19號判決,載:個別勞動法精選判決評釋,頁73-82,元照出版公司,2018年7月。
    2. 邱駿彥,工作時間,載:勞動法基準法釋義:施行二十年之回顧與展望,頁295-334,新學林出版股份有限公司,2005年5月。
    3. 林俊宏,工作時間之認定,載:勞動基準法實務爭點,頁125-140,元照出版公司,2022年9月。
    4. 林良榮,待命時間之認定與加班費請求-台灣高等法院94年勞上易字第36號判決,載:勞動法精選判決評釋,頁55-65,元照出版公司,2013年8月。
    5. 林佳和,工時認定──臺北高等行政法院105年度訴字第1244號判決,載:工資與工時精選判決評釋──航空、運輸及醫療保健業,頁309-318,元照出版公司,2019年9月。
    6. 黃程貫,勞動法,國立空中大學,修訂再版,2001年6月。
    7. 黃越欽,勞動法新論,翰蘆圖書出版有限公司,3版,2006年9月。
    8. 楊通軒,勞工保護法:理論與實務,五南圖書出版公司,2019年9月。
    9. 劉素吟,工作時間,載:個別勞動法,頁167-200,元照出版公司,初版第2刷,2021年9月。
    10. 劉志鵬,勞動法解讀:勞資爭議致勝錦囊,元照出版公司,初版第2刷,2000年3月。

    (二)中文期刊論文
    1. 邱羽凡,勞工出勤紀錄與加班事實之證明——兼論勞動事件法相關規範之影響,國立中正大學法學集刊,65期,頁163-213,2019年10月。
    2. 林佳和,待命時間應否為工作時間之認定/最高院九七台上二五九一,台灣法學雜誌,122期,頁175-176,2009年2月。
    3. 侯岳宏,日本工作時間與待命時間之認定的發展與啟示,臺北大學法學論叢,75期,頁175-209,2010年9月。
    4. 郭玲惠,勞動基準法工時制度之沿革與實務爭議問題之初探,律師雜誌,298期,頁15-34,2004年7月。
    5. 陳建文,工作時間法制發展之軌跡與契機,臺灣勞工季刊,78期,頁26-35,2024年6月。
    6. 黃越欽,勞動契約與承攬契約之區別,政大法學評論,31期,頁23-37,1985年6月。
    7. 賴昱安、林冠,工作時間認定基準之省思,工業安全衛生,416期,頁44-61,2024年2月。

    (三)學位論文
    1. 吳姿瑩,工作時間規範之比較研究,國立中正大學勞工關係學系碩士學位論文,2021年。
    2. 黃莉珊,論工作時間之認定標準——以我國近年實務見解為中心,國立政治大學法律科際整合研究所碩士學位論文,2018年。

    (四)中文網路資料
    1. 勞動部網站,國際勞動統計分析,https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/71771/72772/72797/?reportNodeId=77128,最後瀏覽日:2025年4月10日。
    2. 勞動部網站,113年勞工生活及就業狀況調查,https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/s2/svy13/1323menu.htm,最後瀏覽日:2025年4月10日。

    二、英文文獻

    (一)英文書籍
    1. Prince, Susan (2018), Fair Labor Standards Handbook for States, Local Governments and Schools.

    (二)英文期刊論文(按字母次序)
    1. Coughlin, Gerhart, LLP, 2016, NEW YORK CHAUFFEUR'S OVERTIME CASE ILLUSTRATES THE DANGERS OF FLSA'S ‘ON-CALL’ RULES, New York Employment Law Letter 23 No. 7:6.
    2. Eric Phillips, 1997, On-Call Time Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, Michigan Law Review 95: 2633-2655.
    3. Loren Schwartz, 2005, Reforming the Fair Labor Standards Act: Recognizing on-Call Time As A Distinct Category of Compensable Work, University of San Francisco Law Review 40:217-239.
    4. Pamela Newell, 2009, A Historical Overview of the Fair Labor Standards Act, Florida Coastal Law Review 10:657-690.
    5. Pitney Hardin LLP, 2010 LIONS, TIGERS, AND OVERTIME -- OH, MY!, New Jersey Employment Law Letter 18 No. 12:1.
    6. Robert C. Bird & Niki Mirtorabi, 2006, SHIFTWORK AND THE LAW, Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 27:1-41.

    (三)英文網路資料
    1. Wage and Hour Division, Wages and the Fair Labor Standards Act, U.S. Department of Labor, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/flsa (last visited Jan. 21, 2025).
    2. Wage and Hour Division, Fact Sheet #22: Hours Worked Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), U.S. Department of Labor, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/22-flsa-hours-worked (last visited Jan. 21, 2025).
    3. Noah Feldman, Supreme Court Doesn’t Understand Wage Labor, Bloomberg (Dec. 10, 2014), https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2014-12-09/supreme-court-doesnt-understand-wage-labor?embedded-checkout=true.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律科際整合研究所
    111652016
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111652016
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[法律科際整合研究所] 學位論文

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