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    Title: 公民啟蒙的未竟之路: 梁啟超與邊沁的政治思想之比較
    The Unaccomplished Road Toward Civic Enlightenment: Political Thoughts Between Liang Qichao and Jeremy Bentham
    Authors: 杜鎧佑
    Tu, Kai-You
    Contributors: 陳建綱
    Chen, Chien-Kang
    杜鎧佑
    Tu, Kai-You
    Keywords: 效益主義
    梁啟超
    自由
    啟蒙
    代議民主制度
    Utilitarianism
    Liang Qichao
    Liberty
    Enlightenment
    Representative Democracy
    Date: 2025
    Issue Date: 2025-09-01 15:27:59 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文探討梁啟超與邊沁政治思想的比較,分析效益主義在西學東漸、中西文化交流頻繁的近代中國的傳播與轉化過程。梁啟超是第一個系統性將效益主義傳播至中國,並進行分析、詮釋與運用的第一人。梁啟超流亡日本期間藉由當地的知識份子接收到邊沁與穆勒的效益主義思想,尤其對邊沁的人性論、倫理學和政治理論深感興趣與認同,因而撰寫了《樂利主義泰斗邊沁之學說》一文,藉此引介給廣大的中國民眾,使效益主義成為中國邁向現代化參考的重要思想元素之一,但是這一個重要的線索長期被學界所忽視。因此,本文試圖填補效益主義對梁啟超政治思想影響的空白,展現效益主義跨文化傳播的創新與轉化,同時提供東、西方政治思想對話與比較的理論框架。
    本文首先以概念史的角度分析效益主義在近代中、日傳播的情形,為梁啟超與邊沁的思想提供比較基礎,並採用跨文化比較思想的研究方法,從涉及價值與倫理層次的人性觀,進一步分析與比較兩人的自由、公德與公益等政治概念的意涵,最後到憲政、代議制與民主等政治制度層次的論述,全面性的對兩人的政治思想進行比較。值得注意的是,梁啟超並非被動接受邊沁的思想,而是進行極具深度的轉化與應用,將其囊括於新民與啟蒙的理論之中。首先,梁啟超以「樂利主義」重新翻譯與解讀效益主義,突破傳統的框架困境,為現代的人性論提供理論基礎,這些價值提供的啟蒙意義為自由鋪設論述的道路;其次,梁啟超將邊沁的最大幸福原則轉化為「利群」的公德概念,開展出調和群己利益矛盾的方法進路。兩人都同意自由、代議制與公民啟蒙的重要性,但是與更為重視道德教化的梁啟超不同,邊沁把目光放在憲政、法律、代議民主與公共輿論法庭等制度設計上,擘劃一套極為獨特的效益自由論圖像。
    This study explores the comparative political thought of Liang Qichao and Jeremy Bentham, analyzing the transmission and transformation of utilitarianism in modern China during an era of frequent Sino-Western cultural exchanges and the eastward spread of Western learning. Liang Qichao was the first to systematically introduce utilitarianism to China and engage in its analysis, interpretation, and application. During his exile in Japan, Liang encountered the thought of Bentham and John Stuart Mill through local intellectuals, showing great interest in and agreement with Bentham's views on human nature, ethics, and politics. Consequently, he wrote “Leli zhuyi taidou”, introducing these ideas to the broader Chinese public and making utilitarianism one of the important intellectual resources for China's modernization. However, this significant connection has long been ignored by scholars. Therefore, this dissertation attempts to fill the gap regarding utilitarian influence on Liang Qichao's political thought, demonstrate the innovation and transformation in the cross-cultural transmission of utilitarianism, and provide a theoretical framework for dialogue and comparison between Eastern and Western political thought.
    This study begins with a conceptual history analysis of utilitarianism's transmission in 19th -century China and Japan, providing a historical foundation for comparing Liang Qichao's and Bentham's political thought. Employing cross-cultural comparative methodology, this thesis systematically compares their political thought across multiple levels: from opinions on human nature involving values and ethics, through analyses of political concepts such as liberty, public virtue (gongde), and public interest, to discussions of constitutional government, representative democratic theory, and political institutions. Notably, Liang Qichao did not passively accept Bentham's ideas but engaged in profound transformation and application, incorporating them into his theories of civic renewal (xinmin) and enlightenment. First, Liang translated and reinterpreted utilitarianism as “leli zhuyi”, breaking through traditional conceptual constraints and providing theoretical foundation for the modern transformation of human values—an enlightenment significance that paved the way for his discourse on liberty. Second, Liang transformed Bentham's greatest happiness principle into the concept of public virtue centered on “benefiting the group” (liqun), developing methodological approaches to resolve contradictions between individual and public interests. Both Liang and Bentham agreed on the importance of liberty, representative democracy, and civic enlightenment, but unlike Liang who attached more importance to moral education, Bentham focused on institutional design including constitutionalism, law, and representative democracy, crafting a uniquely utilitarian vision of liberty.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治學系
    110252007
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110252007
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[政治學系] 學位論文

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