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    题名: 主體的被動性建構：梅洛龐蒂與拉崗論身體的欲望辯證
    The Passive Constitution of Subjectivity: the Dialectic of Desiring Body of Merleau-Ponty and Lacan
    作者: 林靜秀
    Lin,Ching Hsiu
    贡献者: 蔡錚雲
    Tsai,Cheng Yun
    林靜秀
    Lin,Ching Hsiu
    关键词: 梅洛龐蒂
    拉岡
    實踐理性
    身體
    Maurice Merleau-Ponty
    Jacques Lacan
    practical reason
    Body
    日期: 2006
    上传时间: 2009-09-14 11:56:38 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 相對於意識傳統為了滿足知識全知的條件，將身體的隱而未顯視為有缺陷的模糊，現象學重回日常生活世界裡的原初知覺經驗領域，身體作為缺席的模糊不再是認知的障礙，反倒作為潛在的背景是認知得以成立的必要條件。梅洛龐蒂強調完全還原的不可能，將理論重新寓居於身體，身體與世界交錯糾結無法分別，無法外於身體一語道破，只能夠不斷的描述身體與世界的關聯，使得不斷說明成為模糊效能的延續以堆疊出逸離的身體。
    為了追求身體最大程度的逸離，本文還必須繼續借道拉崗精神分析，潛意識作為超出主體言說意圖，指向不可見、自我與他人外的他者，連串的取代系列圍繞在缺席旁作離心的循環。於是拉崗認定部分的身體作為象徵的身體才能發揮效能，始終處於異化的過程，但是並不是迷惑在身體的諸種表象中，或者以斷裂確保真實的身體，而是對身體的想像成為身體的不斷延續，身體的諸種表象就是身體的實質存在，使得回歸身體也是逸離身體。
    On contrary to the western philosophical tradition , to set consciousness as priority, builds transparent knowledge. It regard the ambiguity character of body as fault. Phenomenology summons us to go back to primary field of lifeworld. Body is no more the barrier of cognition, instead body become the potential background as necessary condition of cognition. Merleau-Ponty stresses the impossibility of complete reduction. The consciousness inhabit in body in motion. Body is interwined with world and hard to divide. We can’t explore body as objective observer as if we were outside the world. What we can do is to descript the relationship between body and world. Make the descriptions to become the parts of invisible body.
    In order to catch the character of body’s exceed, we need to have aid of Lacan’s psychoanalysis. Lacan develop that unconsciousness is like the structure of language. It designates the subjectivity speaks beyond what he intend. People desire the lost Other outside the self and other as the third term, instead people used to series of substitutes around the absence as decentered circulation. Lacan identify people is in process of alienation, even in the initial stage. The real body which is fragmented could have effects as symbol. It’s not what people confused with imaginary images, but what people imagine is to continune body. The different body images is body’s substantial existence.
    參考文獻: 一、梅洛龐蒂著作
    Merleau-Ponty, M., Phenomenology of Perception, trans. Colin Smith, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962.
    ———, Primacy of Perception, trans. James M. Edie, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1964.
    ———, Sign, trans. Richard C. McCleary, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1964.
    ———, The Prose of the World, trans. John O’Neill, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973.
    ———, The Visible and the Invisible, trans. Alphonso Lingis, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968.
    ———, The Prose of the World, trans. Joseph Bien, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973.
    二、拉岡著作
    Lacan, J., The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book II, The Ego in Freud’s Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-1955. trans. Sylvana Tomaselli. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1988.
    ———, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book III, The Psychoses,trans. Russell Grigg, New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1993.
    ———, Écrits: A Selection, trans. Alan Sheridan, New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.
    ———, Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English, trans. Bruce Fink, New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.
    ———, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis, trans. Alan Sheridan, New York: W. W. Norton, 1981.
    三、參考著作
    （一）梅洛龐蒂現象學
    Burke, Patrick & Veken, Jan Van Der ed., Merleau-Ponty in Contemporary Perspecitves, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
    Carr, David, Phenomenology and the Problem of Historicity: A Study of Husserl’s Transcendental Philosophy, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974.
    Dillon, M. C., Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
    Dillon, M. C. ed., Merleau-Ponty Vivant, Albany: State University of New York, 1991.
    Evans, Fred & Lawlor, Leonard, Chiasms: Merleau-Ponty’s Notion of Flesh, Albany: State University of New York, 2000.
    Fóti, Véronique M. ed., Merleau-Ponty: Difference, Materiality, Painting, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1996.
    Hoeller, Keith ed., Merleau-Ponty and Psychology, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1993.
    Husserl, Edmund, Cartesian Meditations: an Introduction to Phenomenology, trans. Dorion Cairns, The Hague: Martinus Nijholf, 1973.
    ———, Experience and Judgment: Invesstigations in a Genealogy of Logic, trans. James S. Churchill and Karl Ameriks, Evanston: Northwestern University, 1973.
    Jay, Martin, Downcast Eye: the Denigration of Vision in Twentieth-Century French Thought, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
    Johnson, Galen A. & Smith, Michael B. ed., The Merleau-Ponty Aesthetics Reader: Philosophy and Painting, , Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1993.
    Johnson, Galen A. & Smith, Michael B. ed., Ontology and Alterity in Merleau-Ponty, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1990.
    Lyotard, Jean-François, Phenomenology, trans. Brian Beakley, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991, p.92-94.
    Madison, Gary Brent, The Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty: A Search for the limits of Consciousness, Athens: Ohio University Press, 1990.
    Moran, Dermot, Introduction to Phenomenology, New York: Routledge, 2000.
    Patrick Burke & Jan Van Der Veken ed., Merleau-Ponty in Contemporary Perspectives, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993,
    Priest, Stephen, Merleau-Ponty, London: Routledge, 1998.
    Rabil, Albert, Merleau-Ponty: Existentialist of the Social World, New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.
    Ricoeur, Paul, Husserl: An Analysis of His Phenomenology, trans. Edward G. Ballard and Lester E. Embree, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1967.
    ———, Main Trends in Philosophy, New York: Holmes& Meier Publishers, Inc.,1979, p.163-4.
    Sallis, John ed., Merleau-Ponty: Perception, Structure, Language, Atlantic: Humanities Press, 1981.
    Schmidt James, Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Between Phenomenology and Structuralism：Between Phenomenology and Structuralism, London: Macmillan Publishers, 1985.
    Silverman, Hugh J.& Mickunas, Algis& Kisiel, Theodore& Lingis, Alphonso, The Horizons of Continental Philosophy: Essays on Husserl, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, Dordrecht: kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
    Spurling, Laurie, Phenomenology and the Social World: The Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty and its Relation to the Social Sciences, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977.
    Toadvine, Ted and Embree, Lester ed, Merleau-Ponty’s Reading of Husserl, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
    Tymieniecka, A.T. and Matsuba, Shoichi ed., Analecta Husserliana LVIII, Immersing in the Concrete: Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the Japanese Perspective, Netherlands: Academic Publishers, 1998.
    Zaner, Richard M., The Problem of Embodiment, The Hague: martinus Nijhoff, 1971.
    蔡錚雲，《從現象學到後現代》，台北：五南，二○○一。
    汪文聖，《現象學與科學哲學》，台北：五南，二○○一。
    龔卓軍，《梅洛龐蒂與現象學之後》，台北：心靈工坊，二○○六。
    （二）拉岡精神分析
    Appollon, Willy & Feldstein, Richardred, Lacan, Politics, Aesthetics, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
    Boothby, Richard, Freud as Philosopher: Metapsychology After Lacan, New York: Routledge, 2001.
    Evans, Dylan, An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis, London: Routledge, 1996.
    Feldstein, Richard & Fink, Bruce & Jaanus Maire ed., Reading Seminar I and II: Lacan’s Return to Freud, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
    Feldstein, Richard & Fink, Bruce & Jaanus Maire ed., Reading Seminar XI: Lacan’s Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.
    Fink, Bruce, The Lacanian Subject: between Language and Jouissance, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.
    Foucault, Michel, Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology, trans. Robert Hurley and others, New York: The New Press, 1998,
    ———，The Order of Things: an Archaeology of the Human Sciences, London: Tavistock, 1970.
    Grosz, Elizabeth, Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction, New York: Routledge, 1990.
    Lemaire, Anika, Jacques Lacan, trans. David Macey, London: Routledge, 1977.
    MacCannell, Juliet Flower & Zakarin Laura ed., Thinking Bodies, California: Stanford University, 1994.
    Marini, Marcelle, Jacques Lacan: The French Context, trans. Anne Tomiche, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992.
    Nasio, Juan-David, Five Lessons on the Psychoanalytic Theory of Jacques Lacan, trans. David Pettigrew and François Raffoul, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
    Nobus, Dany ed. Key concepts of Lacanian Psychoanalysis, London: Rebus Press, 1998.
    Pelt, Tamise Van, The Other Side of Desire: Lacan’s Theory of the Registers, Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.
    Ragland, Ellie, Essays on the Pleasures of Death: from Freud to Lacan, London: Routledge, 1995.
    Ragland-Sullivan, Ellie, Jacques Lacan and the Philosohpy of Psychoanalysis, London: Croom Helm, 1986.
    Nancy, Jean-Luc, Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe, The Title of the Letter: A reading of Lacan, trans. François Raffoul and David Pettigrew, Albany: State University of New York, 1992.
    Pettigrew, David and Raffoul, Françosis ed., Disseminating Lacan, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
    Roudinesco, Elisabeth, Jacques Lacan & Co.: A History of Psychoanalysis in France, 1925-1985, trans. Jeffrey Mehlman, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
    Samuels, Robert, Between Philosophy and Psychoanalysis: Lacan’s Reconstruction of Freud. New York: Routledge, 1993.
    Sarup, Madan, Jacques Lacan, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992.
    Stuart Schneiderman, Returning to Freud: Clinical Psychoanalysis in the school of Lacan, New York: Yale University Press, 1980
    Weber, Samuel, Return to Freud: Jacques Lacan’s dislocation of psychoanalysis, trans. Michael Levine, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
    Žižek, Slavoj, The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology, London: Verso, 1999.
    ———, The Plague of Fantasies, London: Verso, 1997.
    尚‧拉普郞虛、賽基‧勒克萊，〈無意識：精神分析研究〉，《幻想與無意識》，沈志中譯，台北：行人，民95。
    Widlöcher, Diniel，精神分析的新版圖，李郁芬等譯，台北：五南，民國九五年一月。
    四、參考論文
    Alphonso, Lingis “The Visible and the Vision”, Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 1984, 15, 155-163.
    Bernet, Rudolf, “An intentionality without subject or object?”, Man and World, 1994, 27(3), 231-255.
    Dillon, M. C., “ Desire: Language and Body”, in Postmodernism and Continental Philosophy, ed. Hugh J. Silverman & Konn Welton, N. Y.: State University of N. Y. Press, 1988.
    O’Neill, John, “The Specular Body: Merleau-Ponty and Lacan on Infant Self and Other”, Synthese , 1986, 66, 201-217.
    Shepherdson Charles, “A Pound of Flesh: Lacan’s Reading of THE VISIBLE AND THE INVISIBLE” Diacritics 1997, 27(4), 70-86.
    Smeith, Joel, “Merleau-Ponty and the Phenomenological Reduction”, Inquiry, 2005, 48(6), 553-571.
    Ströker, Elisabeth “The Role of Psychology in Husserl’s Phenomenology” in Continental Philosophy in America, Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1983, p3-5.
    Tsai, Cheng-Yun, “Phenomenology and Psychology Before and After the Phenomenological Reduction“, in Psychology, Phenomenology, and Chinese Philosophical Studies VI, Washington, D.C.: The Council for Research and in Values and Philosophy, 1994, p. 95-113.
    白內特（Bernet, Rudolf），〈梅洛龐蒂與拉康論注視、欲力與身體〉，洪維信譯，《現象學與人文科學》，二○○四年，第一期，頁二四五至二六四。
    蔡錚雲，〈視覺藝術的認知模式：梅洛龐蒂的現象學美學觀〉，《視覺藝術》二○○二，第五期，頁七一至八八。
    ———，〈《純粹邏輯學導引》導讀〉，《純粹邏輯學導引》，胡塞爾著，倪梁康譯，台北：時報，一九九四。
    ———，〈知覺現象學家——梅洛龐蒂〉，《時代心靈之：當代哲學思想家》，台北：正中，一九九一。
    描述: 博士
    國立政治大學
    哲學研究所
    891545031
    95
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    数据类型: thesis
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