Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32536
|
| Title: | 組織轉型能力之建構與評鑑工具之發展 |
| Authors: | 徐家偉 |
| Contributors: | 張裕隆
徐家偉 |
| Keywords: | 組織轉型
組織轉型能力
組織核心職能
組織核心能力
組織績效
組織競爭力
organizational transformation
organizational transformation competence
organizational generic competence
organizational core competence
organizational performance
organizational competitiveness |
| Date: | 2006 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 13:21:47 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究之目的在於探討組織轉型能力之建構，並依此建構發展一套組織能力之評鑑工具。其次，融入組織核心能力、核心職能與轉型能力的概念，建構組織能力發展模式，以協助台灣中小企業有效診斷組織體質，進而提昇組織績效與競爭力。
本研究採用質量並重之研究方法進行探討，首先藉由「行為事例訪談法」進行深度訪談（N=5），並針對企業個案（美國奇異集團、大陸海爾集團、台灣宏碁集團）進行傳記文本分析，繼而編撰量表題目。本研究以台灣企業組織做為母群，以立意抽樣方式蒐集124份樣本，經過實證分析後，顯示本研究發展的「組織轉型能力量表」共包含組織領導、策略願景、心智模式與組織學習等四個構面，且在內部一致性信度(.973)、效標關聯效度(.611)、與建構效度等檢驗指標上，皆有顯著的效果。
此外，根據組織能力模式與績效的路徑分析結果顯示：1.組織轉型能力在組織核心職能與核心能力、組織績效之間具有中介效果。2.組織能力彼此之間具有顯著的關聯性，且皆對組織績效具有貢獻與影響。3.組織轉型能力中的心智模式與組織學習構面，以及組織的資源競爭核心能力，最能預測組織績效的表現。最後研究者則針對學術研究與實務應用方面提出具體的討論與建議。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the constructs of organizational transformation competence and use them to develop an assessment tool for evaluating organizational competencies. Besides, the concepts of core competence (based on the strategic management theory), generic competence (based on the competence model), and transformation competence, were incorporated to construct a model of organizational competence development, so as to assist Taiwanese small and medium enterprises to effectively diagnose organizational itself and further of enhance organizational performance and competitiveness.
This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research methods for analysis. First of all, Behavioral Event Interview (BEI) was used to perform in-depth interviews with the research subjects (n=5). Besides, the biographical texts of the studied cases (America’s GE Group, China’s Haier Electronics Group, and Taiwan’s Acer Group) were analyzed to design the items of the questionnaire. Also corporate organizations in Taiwan were taken as the population, and a total of 124 samples were collected using purposive sampling. Through empirical analysis, it showed that the proposed “Organizational Transformation Competence Scale” encompassed four dimensions, namely organizational leadership, strategic vision, mental model, and organizational learning. In conclusion, the internal consistency validity (Cronbach’s α=.973), criterion-related validity (validity coefficient=.611), and construct validity were good and compliant.
Moreover, according to the path analysis of the organizational competence model and performance, it was revealed that (1) organizational transformation competence had the mediating effect on the relationships between generic competence and organizational core competence and organizational performance; (2) organizational competencies were significantly correlated with one another, and contributive and influential to organizational performance; (3) the mental model and organizational learning dimensions of organizational transformation competence and the organizational core competence for resource competition could mostly predict organizational performance. Finally, substantial suggestions were proposed for follow-up academic studies and practical applications. |
| Reference: | —中文部分—
方世杰（1995）。國家競爭力的探討。科學發展月刊，23（2），141-148。
王文貴（2001）。企業文化移轉之研究—以統一企業集團為例。國立高雄第一科技大學行銷與流通管理學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
王保進（1999）。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。台北市：心理出版社。
王啟任(1999)。核心競爭力類型與進入時機策略之配適對經營績效影響之研究─台灣資訊電子業進入中國大陸市場之實證。中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，中壢市。
王碩（2004）。海爾精神：揭開海爾成功的奧秘。桃園縣：良品文化館。
吳思華（1994）。策略九說。台北：臉譜文化。
吳瓊恩（1982）。評介卡、羅二氏合著：「組織與管理—系統與權變研究途徑」。中華學報，9（2）。
杜梅明（2004）。風險偏好、組織氣候、激勵因素與組織承諾之相關性研究。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
汪仲（譯）（2005）。J. Micklethwait & A. Wooldridge T著。企業巫醫(The Witch Doctors : Making Sense of the Management Gurus)。台北市：商周。
李田樹（譯） (1997)。Kevin, P. C., Stephen, J. D. & Patricia, G. C.(1997)著。你的核心能力是個幻象嗎？。世界經理文摘，133，22-45。
林文政、楊尊恩（2004）。職能模式在企業中實施之現況調查。2004人力資源管理年鑑。台北市：中華人力資源管理協會。
吳鄭重（譯）(1993)。N. M.Tichy & S. Sherman(1993)著。奇異傳奇(Control Your Destiny Or Someone Else Will)。台北市：智庫文化出版。
周佳欣(1997)。台灣中小企業策略性轉型之研究。東吳大學企業管理研究所碩士
論文，未出版，台北市。
金碚（2003a）。企業競爭力測評的理論與方法。中國工業經濟，3，5-13。
金碚等（2003b）。競爭力經濟學。中國廣州：廣東經濟出版社。
胡泳（2003）。張瑞敏如是說—中國第一CEO的智慧。中國：浙江人民出版社。
胡泳（2004）。海爾管理創新典範：世界第一的How & Why。台北市：帝國文化出版社。
柯永河（1994）。習慣心理學—寫在晤談椅上四十年之後（理論篇）。台北市：張老師文化。
施振榮（2005）。再造宏碁：開創、成長與挑戰。台北市：天下遠見出版股份有限公司。
殷文（譯）（2005）。S. R. Covey(2004)著。第8個習慣(The 8th habit: from effectiveness to greatness)。台北市：天下遠見。
高希均、石滋宜（1997）。競爭力手冊。台北市：天下遠見。
真如（譯）（2002）。J. Collins & J. I. Porras(1994)著。基業長青(Built TO Last—Successful Habits of Visionary Companies)。台北市：智庫。
唐廣（2004）。試論評價企業核心競爭力的指標體系。中國—商業研究，294，125-127。
袁世珮（譯）（1999）。R. Slater(1999)著。企業強權：傑克‧威爾許再造奇異之道(Jack Welch and GE Way)。台北市：美商麥格羅‧希爾。
袁世珮（譯）（2000）。R. Slater(2000)著。複製奇異：傑克‧威爾許打造企業強權實戰全紀錄(The GE Way Field book: Jack Welch’s Battle Plan for Corporate Revolution)。台北市：美商麥格羅‧希爾。
許立一、許立倫、夏道維、辜柏宏（譯）（2000）。William Bergquist(1993)著。後現代組織(Postmodern Organization: Mastering the Art of Irreversible Change)
。台北：地景公司。
郭崑謨(1993)。管理概論。台北市：三民書局。
張清清（2004）。TVBS電視台企業再造關鍵成功因素之研究。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所在職專班碩士論文。未出版，台北市。
張裕隆（1998）。我國「管理才能評鑑工具」發展及信效度分析研究（Ι）。國科會專題研究報告。
張裕隆（2004，9月）。個人與組織「競爭力」及個人「年薪」與「EPS」相關之研究。論文發表於台灣心理學會第四十三屆年會之「組織績效與競爭力提升」研討會。台北市。
張裕隆（2005a）。組織、個人「競爭力」與組織獲利、個人財富之相關研究。國家文官培訓所—T&D飛訊，30。
張裕隆（2005b，10月）。標竿與虧損企業在「組織習慣」、「身心健康」與「競爭力」之比較分析研究。論文發表於台灣心理學會第四十四屆年會，桃園縣。
陳千玉（譯）（1996）。Edgar. H. Schein(1992)著。組織文化與領導(Organizational Culture and Leadership)。台北市：五南。
陳玉山（1997）。能力基礎途徑應用在人力資源管理之研究。國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文。未出版，台北市。
陳怡如、陳姵妏（譯）（1998）。R. Slater(1994)著。奇異之眼：全球最具競爭力企業領導人傑克威爾許的領導祕訣(Get Better or Get Beaten!: 31 leadership secrets from GE’s Jack Welch)。台北市：美商麥格羅‧希爾。
陳明璋（1996）。企業轉型的策略與成功關鍵。貿易週刊，1690，18~21。
陳朝福（2003）。組織轉型研究─新科學典範的創造性演化觀點。國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文，未出版，台北市。
黃瑞琴(1994）。質的教育研究方法。台北市：心理出版社。
黃靖萱（2006）。一千大製造業：超越期待，成長爆發。天下雜誌，345。
葉啟政（2000）。進出「結構—行動」的困境。台北市：三民書局。
劉任（2004）。國際競爭 誰能稱雄（上）。貿易雜誌，157。
鄭仁偉（1995）。組織自主改變、組織慣性與改變績效的關係—台灣電子業推動ISO 9000 認證活動實證研究。國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文，未出版，台北市。
鄭晉昌、劉曉雯（2003）。如何構建企業核心職能。中國—企業研究，12，48-50。
藍麗娟（2005）。標竿企業聲望調查。天下雜誌，333，216-231。
顏建軍（2002）。海爾中國造 : 21世紀最佳企業管理典範。臺北市：時報文化。
蘇怡仲（譯）(2001)。Moore, J. F. (1997)著。競爭加倍速：創新致勝(The Death of Competition)。台北市：智庫文化。
—英文部分—
A Dictionary of Business. 2002. Oxford University Press.
Aaker, D. A .(1995). Strategic market management. NY: John Wiley & Sons Co.
Adams, J. D. (1984). Transforming Work. Miles Review Press, Alexandria, VA.
Allee, V.(1998). The Knowledge evolution: expanding organizational intelligence. British: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Ansoff, I. H.(1965). Corporate Strategy: An Analytic Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion. McGraw-Hill,New York.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. A.(1978). Organization Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective Reading. Mass: Addison-Wesley.
Barney, J. B.(1991). Firm Resource and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management,17(1).
Barton, D. L.(1992). Core Capability & Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development Strategic Management.13(Summer Special Issue):111-125.
Barrett, F. & Cooperrider, D.(1990). Generative Metaphor Intervention: A New Approach for Working with Systems Divided by Conflict and Caught in Defensive Perception. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,26,219-239.
Bass, B.M. (1985). Leader and performance beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B.M. (1995). Theory of transformational leadership redux. The Leadership Quarterly,6(4), 463-78.
Beard, D. W., & Dess, G. G. (1981). Corporate level strategy, business-level strategy & firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 24: 663-688.
Bennis, W. & Nanus, B.(1985).Leaders. New York: Harper & Row.
Blumenthal, B., & Haspeslage, P.(1994). Toward a Definition of Corporate Transformation. Sloan Management Review, Summer.
Briance, M., Alok, B. & Mamnoon, J.(1998). Dynamics of core competencies in leading multinational companies. California Management Review,40(4),117-132.
Brownell, P. & Dunk, A. S. (1991). Task Uncertainty and Its Interaction with Budgetary Participation and Budget Emphasis:Some Methodological Issues and Empirical Investigation. Accounting Organizations and Society, 16(8),693-703.
Bruce A. P. & Albert J.V.(1998). The Center less Corporation: a new model for transforming your organization for growth and prosperity. Simoom and Schuster, INC.
Bryman, A.(1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London Sage.
Carnall, C. A.(1990). Managing Change in Organizations. Prentice-Hall.
Carr, C.(1994). 7 keys to successful change. Training, 31(2), 55-59.
Carroll, G. R.(1984). Ecological Models of Organization. Cambridge: Ballinger Pub.
Chandler, A.D.(1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise. MIT Press.
Coats.(1996).Putting core competency thinking into practice. International Journal of Technology Management ,Vol.11, No.3/4, 441-451.
Collis, D. J.(1994). How valuable are organizational capabilities?. Strategic Management Journ,15,143-152.
Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R. N.(1987). Toward a Behavior Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637-647.
Cool, K., & Schendel, D.(1988).Performance differences among strategic group members. Strategic Management Journal,9(3),207-223.
Cooperrider, D. & Srivastva, S.(1987). Appreciative Inquiry in Organizational Life. in Research in Organizational Change and Development, vol. 1,eds. Woodman, R. and Pasmore, W. Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press,129-170.
Corner, P. D., & Jury, D. (2002). Considering values in the current restructuring of the New Zealand health sector. New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, 27(2), 169-192.
Covington, J. (2002). Eight steps to sustainable change. Industrial Management, 44(6), 8-11.
Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G.(1997). Organization Development and Change. St. Paul: West Publishing.
Daft, R. L.(2001). Organization Theory and Design. Ohio: South-Western Publishing.
Davenport, T. H.(1994). On Tomorrow’s Organization: Moving Forward, or Step Backwards. Academy of Management Executive,8(3).
Delaney, J.T. & Huselid, M.A.(1996). The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceptions of Organizational Performance. Academy of Management Journal,40(1),88-171.
DiMaggio, P. J. & Powell, W. W.(1983).The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review,48(April), 147-160.
Donaldson, G.(1994). Corporate Restructuring: Managing the Change Process from Within. Boston. Mass: Harvard Business School Press.
Dunphy, D. C., & Stace, D. A.(1988). Transformational and coercive strategies for planned organizational change: beyond the O.D. model. Organization Studies, 9(3),317-334.
Durand, T.(1997). strategizang for Innovation: Competence Analysis in Assessing Strategic Change. In Aime Heene and Ron Sanchez,(eds),Competence-based Strategic Management,Chichester: John Wiley,127-150.
Durbin, A. J.(1998). Leadership: Research Finding, Practice, and Skill. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Eisenhardt, K.(1985).Control: Organizational and economic approaches. Management Science,31,134-149.
Elden, M. & Chisholm, R.(1993).Emerging Varieties of Action Research: Introduction to the Special Issue. Human Relations 46(2),121-142.
French, W. L., & Bell, C. H.(1999). Organization development : behavioral science interventions for organization improvement. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall.
Friedlander, F., & Brown, L. D.(1974). Organization Development Review of Psychology.
Frohman, Alan L. (1998). Building a culture for innovation. Research Technology Management,41, 9-12.
Galaskiewicz, J., & Bielefeld, W.(1998). Nonprofit Organizations in an Age of Uncertainty: A Study of Organizational Change. New York: Walter de Gruyter, Inc.
Gerybadge, A.(1995). Strategic Alliances and Process Redesign. New York:Walter De Gruyter & Co.
Glaser, B. C., & Strauss, A. L.(1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
Govindarajan, V. & Gupta A. K. (1985). Linking Control Systems to Business Unit Strategy:Impact on Performance. Accounting Organizations and Society, 10(1),51-66.
Harari, O.(1994,June).The brain-based organization. Management Review, 83(6),57-60.
Harrison, J. S.(2003). Strategic Management of Resources & Relationships. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hafeez, K. YanBing, Z. & Naila, M.(2002). Determining key capabilities of a firm using analytic hierarchy process, Int. J. Production Economics,76, 39-51.
Hall, R. H.(1991). Organizations: Structures, Processes, and Outcomes. New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall.
Hamel, G. (1994). the concept of core competence. Competence-based competition, pp.11-33.
Hamel, G. & Prahalad, C. K.(1994). Strategy as a Field of Study: Why Search for a New Paradigm?. Strategic Management Journal,15, (Summer),5-16.
Hammer, M. & Champy, J.(1993). Reengineering the Corporation - A Manifesto for Business Revolution. Harper Collins Publishers , Inc.
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J.(1977). The Population Ecology of Organizations. AJS.82: 929-64.
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1984). Structural Inertia and Organizational Change.
ASR 49: 149-64.
Helleloid, D. & Simonin, B.(1994).organizational Learning and a Firm’s core competence. In Hamel, G. & Heene, A., eds. competence-based competition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,63-84.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland R. D. & Hoskisson, R. E.(2001). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concept). South-Western College Publishing.
Huseman, R. C., & Goodman, J. P.(1999). Leading with Knowledge: The nature of Competition in 21st Century. London: SAGE.
Javidon, M.(1998). Core competences: What dose it mean in practice?. Long Range Planning,31(1),60-71.
Kanter, S., & Todd, D. J. (1992). The Change Masters: innovation for Productivity in the American Corporation. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Kiel, D. L. & Euel E.(1996).Systems, in Chaos Theory in the Social Sciences. The University of Michigan Press.
Kim, Gary (1995). Core competence adds value to quality service. ELECTRONIC industries—Management American’s Network, 99(12), 88.
Kimberly, J. R., & Miles R. H.(1981). The Organizational Life Cycle: Issues in the Creation Transformation and Decline of the Organizations. San Franciso: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
King, W. R.(1997). Organization Transformation. Information Systems Management, (Spring).
Klein, M.M. (1994), Reengineering Methodologies and Tools, Info. Syst. Manage.11,
20-35.
Kotter, J. P.(1995). Leading change-Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 73(2),59-67.
Kotter, J. P.(1996). Leading change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Ksat, F., & Rosenzweig, J.(1974). Organization and Management: A System Approach.2nd ed. N. Y. Mc-Graw Hill.
Lado, A. A., Boyd, N.G., & Wright, P.(1992). A competency-based model of sustainable competitive advantage: Toward a conceptual integration. Journal of Management, 18, 77-91.
Lahti, R. K. (1999). Identifying and Integrating Individual Level and Organizational Level Core Competencies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(1), 59.
Lavy A., & Merry U.(1988). Organizational Transformation: Revitalizing Organization for a Competitive World. Jessey-Bass Inc.
Lawrence P. R., & Lorsch, J. W.(1969). Organization and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration. Home-wood, IL: Richard D. Irwin.
Levy, A., & Merry, U.,(1986). Organizational Transformation. Praeger.
Litwin,G.H., & Stringer, R.A.(1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School, Division of Research.
Long, C. & Vickers-Koch, M.(1994). Using Core Capabilities to Create Competitive Advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 7-22.
Maturana, H. R. & Varela, F.(1975). Antipoetic Systems, Report BCL 9.4. Urbana: Biological Computer Laboratory, University of Illinois.
Maturana, H. R. & Varela, F.(1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition, the Realization of the Living, Reidel, Dordrecht/Boston.
Mayer, M. H., & Utterback, J. M.(1993).The product family and the dynamics of core capability. Sloan Managemant Review, (spring),29-47.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B.(1977). Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. In AJS. 83(2),340-363.
Meyer, J. P. and Allen, N. J.(1991). A Three-component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of Administrative Sciences Association of Canada, Whistler, British Columbia.
Meyers, A., Brooks, G., & Goes, J.(1990). Environmental jolts and industry revolutions: Organizational responses to discontinuous change. Strategic Management Journal,11,93-110.
Mills, Q.(1991). Rebirth of the Corp oration. To pronto: John Wiley & Sins, Inc.
Morgan, G.(1986). Images of Organization, Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications.
Morgan, G.(1989). Creative Organization Theory. C.A.: Sage Publications, Ins.
Mosher, F. C.(1967). Governmental Reorganization: Case and Commentary. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. (ed.).
Nadler, D. A., & Shaw, R. B.(1995). Change Leadership: Core Competency for the Twenty-First Century. Discontinuous Change: Leading Organizational Transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers,1-14.
Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A. J. & Gould, J. M.(1995). Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems. Sloan Management Review,36(2),73-8.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational cognitive versus affective determinants of Organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of applied psychology,74,157-164.
Organ, D. W.(1990). The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, in Staw, B.M. & Cummings, L.L.(eds.). Research in Organizational Behavior, Greenwich, CT:JAL Press, 12,43-72.
Patel, P. & Pavitt, K.(1997).The technological competencies of the world’s largest firms: complex and path-dependent, but not much variety. Research Policy,26,141-156.
Penrose, E. T.(1959). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R.(1978). The External Control of Organizations: A Reesource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper and Row.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
Pritchard, R. D., & Karasick, B.W.(1973). The effects of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9(1), 126-146
Porras, J., & Silvers, R.(1991). Organization Development and Transformation. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 51-78.
Porras, J. I. & Robertson, P. J. (1992), “Organizational Development: Theory, Practice, and Research,” in Dunnette, M. D. and Hough, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial & Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., 3, Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, 721-723.
Porter, M. E.(1991).Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy. Strategic Management Journal,12,95-117.
Porter, M. E.(1980).Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press.
Powell, W. W., & Friedkin, R.(1987). Organizational Change in Nonprofit Organizations. In Walter W. Powell(ed.), The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Raffa, M. & Zollo, G.(1994). Sources of innovation & professionals in small innovative firms. International Journal of Technology Management, 9, Nos 3/4, 481-496.
Reger, R. K., Gustafson, L. T., Demarie, S. M., & Mullane, J. V. (1994). Reframing the organization: Why implementing total quality is easier said than done. Academy of Management Review, 19:565-584.
Daft, R. L.(1995). Organization Theory and Design. 5th Edition. Minneapolis/St . Paul , Minnesota : West Publishing Company.
Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Roquebert, J. A., phllips R. L., & Westfall, P. A.(1996). Markets vs. Management: what drives profitability?. Strategic Management Journal,17(8),633-664.
Rubinstein, M. F. & I. R. Firstenberg(1999). The Minding Organization: Bring the Future to the Present and Turn Creative Ideas into Business Solutions. John Wiley & Sons, inc.
Rumelt, R. P.(1991). How much does Industry matter?. Strategic Management Journal,12(3),167-185.
Schein, E. H. (1987).Process Consultation: Lessons for Managers and Consultants. MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. vol.2,92-114.
Schoemaker, J. H. P.(1992). How to Link Strategy Vision to Core Capability. Sloan Management Review, Fall.
Senge, P.(1994). The art and practice of the learning Organization . New York: Spieled Agency.
Shaheen, G. T.(1994). Approach to Transformation. Chief Executive(March),2-5.
Spencer, L. M. & Spencer, S.M.(1993). Competence at work: Model for superior performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Steiner, G. A.(1997). Strategic Planning. Simon & Schuster Inc.
Sohi, R. S. (1996).The Effects of Environmental Dynamism and Heterogeneity on Salespeople’s Role Perceptions, Performance and Job Satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 30(7), 49-67.
Tae Kyung Sung and Gibson, David. V. (1998). Critical Success Factors for Business Reengineering and Corporate Performance: The Case of Korean Corporations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 58, 297-311.
Tagiur, I. R., & Litwin, G. H.(Eds.)(1968). Organizational climate: Explorations of a Concept. Boston: Harvard University.
Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly III, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous Organizations Managing Evolutionary and revolutionary Change. California Management Review,38(4), (Summer),8-30.
Van de Ven, A. H., & Pooles M. S.(1995). Explaining Development and Change in Organizations. Academy of Management Review,20(3).
Venkartaman, N. & Ramanujam, V.(1986). Measurement of Business Performance on Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approach. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 801- 814.
Walter, J. M.(1993). Autopoiesis and the Science of Public Administration: Essence, Sense and Nonsense. Organization Studies,14(2),261-278.
Watkins, K. E. & Marsick, V. J.(1993). Sculpting the learning organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Webber, R. A.(1979). Management: Basic Elements of Managing Organization. Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Homewood Illinois.
Wernerfelt, B.(1984). A Resource-based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal,5.
Weston, F. & Kwang, C.(1990). Mergers, Restructuring and Corporate control. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Wiig, K. M.(2004). People-Focused Knowledge Management: how effective decision making leads to corporate success. Elsevier Inc. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
92752003
95 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0927520032 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [心理學系] 學位論文
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
