| 摘要: | 吳元年（1368），設置太常司，其制度源自秦朝的奉常，是主掌國家祭祀禮儀的機構，至洪武三十年（1397）改名為太常寺，一直延用到明末。太常寺的官員有寺卿、少卿、寺丞、典簿、博士、協律郎、贊禮郎、奉祀、祀丞、廩牲令大使、廩牲令副使、司樂。太常寺卿與大理寺卿同是正三品，比光祿寺卿、太僕寺卿高一等，比鴻臚寺卿高三等，可見太常寺卿位尊品高。雖然明代考課之法規定，無論中央或地方官員，任滿三年為一考，六年再考，在九年兩次的考核中，稱職的官員得以留任，表現中等或不稱職者，除非犯大錯，也可以留任。本研究以有明一代為時間範圍，希冀針對明代以前太常寺發展、明代太常寺的組織、職掌和功能、太常寺官員的來源、異動做研究，來看明代太常寺官員陞遷的發展與特色。本研究係探究太常寺的第一篇專文，採用史料以《明實錄》為主，以《明史》、《大明會典》、《太常續志》、《國朝列卿紀》、《弇山堂文集》為輔，《明實錄》記載人名、時間與其他史料不同時，則以《明實錄》所載為準，除非《明實錄》不載，則以有記載之史料為準。
Ming dynasty set up Tai Chang Si in 1368A.D. It originated from Chin dynasty’s Feng Chang which was an official institution responsible for courtesy and ceremony. In 1397A.D., the title of Tai Chang Si was changed to Tai Chang Ci. Tai Chang Ci’s officials included “Ci Ging, Shao Ging, Si Cheng, Dian Bu, Bo Shi, Xie Lu Lang, Zan Li Lang, Feng Si, Si Cheng, Ling Sheng Lin Ta Shi, Ling Sheng Lin Fu Shi, Si Yan”. Tai Chang Ci Ging and Da Li Ci Ging were the same third grade officials. Tai Chang Ci Ging was one grader higher than Guang Lu Ci Ging and Tai Pu Ci Ging. Tai Chang Ci Ging was three grades higher than Hong Lu Ci Ging. So Tai Chang Ci Ging was in an honored position and a high-ranked official. Although Ming dynasty official check-up system regulated that after a term of three years, central officials and local officials had to be checked. After six years, they had to be checked again. In nine-year-check system, good-grading officials could continue their work in the original positions; bad-grading officials who did not make big mistakes also could stay in their positions. This paper focus in Ming dynasty. According to the development of Tai Chang Ci before Ming dynasty, organization of Tai Chang Ci in Ming dynasty, their work and function and it’s organization, we can research the Tai Chang Ci officials position change and it’s character. This paper is the first special essay of researching on Tai Chang Ci. It’s major material focus on “Ming Sin Lu”. And another references is from “Ming History”, “Da Ming Hei Dian”, “Tai Chang She Zu”, “Guo Zao Le Ging Gi”, “Yan San Dong Wan Gin”. Name and time is according to the “Ming Sin Lu”. If there were no records in “Ming Shi Lu”, it will reference in another materials. |
