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    题名: 國家建立對中央銀行制度演進之影響:德國與日本之比較分析
    作者: 潘欣欣
    Pan, Hsin-hsin
    贡献者: 何思因
    Ho, Szu-yin
    潘欣欣
    Pan, Hsin-hsin
    关键词: 國家建立
    中央銀行制度
    德意志聯邦銀行
    日本銀行
    nation-building
    central banking
    Deutsche Bundesbank
    Bank of Japan
    日期: 2003
    上传时间: 2009-09-19 15:33:34 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本篇論文採取歷史制度分析法,比較德國與日本在國家建立的過程中,為何在相似的富強關係及轉折的歷史經驗裡,發展出現行南轅北轍的中央銀行制度,並且試圖解釋為何第二次世界大戰後德國與日本採行不同中央銀行制度,卻同時達致耀眼政治經濟成就的原因。
    本研究採用的富強關係架構共有富強並進、搾富求強、外國勢力干政、以富致強等四種組合。至於這四種組合中的哪一種組合出線,又是取決於國家建立過程推移、大型戰爭成敗以及戰敗後外國勢力干政是否解散政權等三個因素。另外,富強的詮釋也會隨著富強關係組合出現順序的改變而改變。然而啟動富強組合轉變的內部因素是啟發戰端,外部因素則是國家在大型戰爭中失利後,外國勢力干政的態度。
    結論發現中央銀行制度的起源具有高度國家工具性質,所謂中央銀行政治獨立性是逐漸發展而來,而非制度設計之初衷。而真正造成今日德國與日本中央銀行獨立性差異的關鍵因素是第二次世界大戰後美國對於兩國政權存廢態度不同。最後第二次世界大戰不僅是德國與日本富強關係轉折的媒介由戰爭變為美國霸權維持的國際政經架構的分水嶺,同時也造成德國與日本在國家、區域與自由世界在整合層次上有所差別,進一步使得日後兩國面對金融全球化的步調不同。
    Based on the historical institutional approach, this paper tries to compare the German and Japanese central banks. The author attempts to specify the inter-wining causes and effects of central banking and nation building. German and Japanese central banks had evolved from different bases, despite of the fact that both countries appear to have experienced the remarkable achievements in political and economic arenas after the Second World War.

    The author has discovered that a plenty-power theme weaving through the institutionalization of both central banks. There are four combinations between the pursuits of plenty and power. They are the simultaneous pursuit of plenty and power, the pursuit of power at the cost of plenty, foreign intervention and leverage plenty to power. Three factors are crucial to the formation and transition of the four combinations: the process of nation-building, the outcome of large-scale war, and the victor foreign states’ attitudes towards the continuance of the legitimacy of the defeated states. Each plenty-power combination has its unique historical goal.
    Several conclusions can be made from my analysis. First, the central-banking independence is rather the product of historical evolution than the intention of deliberate central-banking institutional design. Second, war has an enormous impact on the central-banking systems in Germany and Japan. The key factor that generated the difference of the central-banking independence between the two countries came largely from America’s different attitudes towards the continuance of the legitimacy of the defeated states. And finally, the Second World War turned out to be the inflection point that changed the plenty-power combination-both Germany and Japan went into the orbit of American hegemony. The post-Second World War world order further gravitated both Germany and Japan towards economic integration into a world economic order.
    參考文獻: 1.中文部分
    文光
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    江柏峰(譯)、日本經濟新聞社著
    1990,日本之金融。台北:行政院經濟建設委員會經濟研究處。
    行政院經濟部國際貿易局(編譯)、小島明著
    1991,日本之經濟:昭和時代之回顧。台北:行政院經濟部國際貿易局。
    行政院經濟動員計畫委員會(編著)
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    1966b,第二次世界大戰後各國經濟復興資料第一輯:日本戰後經濟復興資料(上冊)。台北:行政院經濟動員計畫委員會。
    李巧云(譯)、R. Taggart Murphy著
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    1991,“銀行之獨立性與管理權責:日本銀行與聯邦準備之經驗”,中央銀行季刊,第13卷,第4期,頁11-67。
    林麗雯
    □ 1995,“歐洲國家中央銀行獨立性分析”,國際金融參考資料,第36輯,頁9-24。□□
    周鴻明
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    查復生(譯)、朝倉孝吉著
    1980a,日本金融通史(上卷)。台北:臺灣銀行經濟研究室。
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    1990,德意志聯邦銀行:聯邦德國的中央銀行制度及貨幣政策。北京:中國金融出版社。
    謝佳雯
    1998,”日本銀行法修正之發展”,中央銀行季刊,第20卷,第1期,頁72-101。
    2.英文部分
    Alesina, Alberto & Lawrence H. Summers
    1993. “Central Bank Independence and Macroeconomic Performance:
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    Berger, Helge
    1995. “The Bundesbank’s Path to Independence: Evidence From the 1950’s.” Public Choice 93(4) 427-453.
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    1994.”Central Bank Independence: A Political Economy Approach.”
    Journal of Development Studies 31(2) 235-264.
    Breuilly, John
    1996. The Formation of the First German Nation-State, 1800-1871.
    N.Y.:St. Matin’s Press, Inc.
    Cukierman, Alex
    1992. Central Bank Strategy, Credibility, and Independence : Theory and
    Evidence. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press.
    Deutsche Bundesbank
    1999. Fifty Years of the Deutsch Mark:Central Bank and the Currency in Germany since 1948. N.Y.:Oxford University Press.
    Downing, Brian
    1992. The Military Revolution and Political Change : Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe. N.J. : Princeton University Press.
    Goodhart, Charles
    1988. The Evolution of Central Banks. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press.
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    1991.” The Politics of Central Bank Independence.”, Comparative
    Politics, 23(3) 329-349.
    Helleiner, Eric
    1994. States and the Reemergence of Global Finance. N.Y.:Cornell University Press.
    Douglas A. Hibbs, Jr.,
    1977. ”Political Parties and Macroeconomic Policy.”, The American
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    1975. The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze. N.Y.:Oxford University
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    Katzenstein, Peter J.
    1978. Between Power and Plenty:Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Wisconsin:The University of Wisconsin Press.
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    1991. The Bundesbank:Germany’s Central Bank in the International Monetary System. London:Royal Institute of International Affairs.
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    1996. World Economic Primacy:1500-1990. N.Y.:Oxford University.
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    1998. “Federalism and Central Bank Independence the Politics of German Monetary Policy, 1957-92.” World Politics 50(3) 401-446.
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    1990. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1990. Cambridge, Mass.:Basil Blackwell Inc.
    3.網站
    htttp://www.oecd.org
    http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/de.html
    http://netcity5.web.hinet.net/UserData/lukacs/JP_Premier.htm
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治研究所
    89252016
    92
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089252016
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[政治學系] 學位論文

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