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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35167


    Title: 論WTO下邊境租稅調整制度與補貼相關規範之適用問題-以美國FSC爭端案為例
    Authors: 陳建璋
    Contributors: 楊光華
    陳建璋
    Keywords: 補貼暨平衡措施協定
    邊境租稅調整制度
    國內國際銷售公司
    海外銷售公司
    領域外所得法案
    SCM
    Border Tax Adjustment
    DISC
    FSC
    ETI
    Date: 2002
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 14:19:45 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本論文係以WTO-美國海外銷售公司(FSC)爭端案之發展歷程為例,探討該案所反映之相關爭議與議題。海外銷售公司(FSC)爭端案係歐盟指控美國所採行之FSC措施提供特定之公司享有所得稅減免之優惠,構成補貼暨平衡措施協定(SCM協定)下禁止性之出口補貼,而違反WTO相關之補貼規範。該案最終經WTO爭端解決機制(DSB)裁決,認為美國所採之FSC措施違反SCM協定相關之規範,必須修改系爭措施之規定以中止該項補貼的繼續存在。而對於美國FSC爭端案之探討,必須追溯FSC措施之前身美國「國內國際銷售公司」(DISC)法案所衍生之爭議。美國於一九七一年通過實施之DISC法案,在GATT時代已為歐體成員國指控違反補貼義務,最後爭端解決小組(Panel)亦裁決美國該法案違反相關規範。美國遂於一九八四年改行FSC措施,該措施在WTO體制下仍被裁決違反補貼之規範,而歐盟對於美國執行小組報告之裁決所改採之ETI法案仍不滿意,於是在次提起「執行監督程序」之控訴。DSB仍裁決ETI法案未符合小組報告之裁決,最終經仲裁程序授權歐盟對美國採行報復措施。凡此三十餘年的爭端案例,其各項爭點以及所反映程序及相關規範之議題,即為本研究探討之主要範圍。
    然而在探討本案例各項爭點及議題之外,此爭端案所突顯的根本問題,在於GATT/WTO體制下有關「邊境租稅調整制度」的相關爭議。蓋GATT/WTO之規範從古典經濟學之理論,對於直接稅與間接稅採分別處理之邊境調整,各會員國在採行不同稅制下遂產生不同之貿易效果,以致於在適用補貼之相關規範時產生爭議。本文在介紹案例之發展以及探討相關之爭點與議題後,從GATT/WTO之制度規範面解析本爭端案所源起之制度爭議,並歸結可行之建議與解決之道。
    最後,本文說明美國對於該爭端案之裁決結果所能採行之因應方向,另一方面亦以我國相關之租稅制度與法規為例,探討其是否符合WTO規範下之義務,並對我國現行之租稅制度提出看法與建議。
    Reference: 一、 GATT/WTO官方文件
    Income Tax Practices Maintained by France, Report of the Panel presented to the Council of Representatives on 12 November 1976(L/4423-24S/114).
    United States Tax Legislation(DISC), Report of the Panel presented to the Council of Representatives on 12 November 1976(L/4422-23S/98).
    WT/DS108/R, Report of the Panel on United States – Tax Treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations", adopted on October 8,1999.
    WT/DS108/AB/R, Report of the Appellate Body on United States – Tax Treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations", adopted on February 24, 2000.
    WT/DS108/RW, Report of the Panel on United States – Tax Treatment for " Foreign Sales Corporations"-Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the European Communities, adopted on August 20,2001.
    WT/DS108/AB/RW, Report of the Appellate Body on United States – Tax Treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations"-Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the European Communities, adopted on January 14,2002.
    WT/DS108/ARB, Decision of the arbitrator on United States – Tax Treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations"-Recourse to Arbitration by the United States under Article 22.6 of the DSU and Article 4.11 of the SCM Agreement, August 30, 2002.
    二、英文書籍及期刊論文
    John H. Jackson, The World Trading System- Law and Policy of International Economic Relations(1997).
    John H. Jackson, The Jurisprudence of GATT and the WTO- Insights on treaty law and economic relations(2000).
    Marc Benitah, The Law of Subsidies under GATT/WTO system(2001).
    Asif H. Qureshi and Roman Grynberg, United States Tax Subsidies Under Domestic International Sales Corporation, Foreign Sales Corporation and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act Legislation within the Framework of the World Trade
    Organization, Journal of World Trade 36(5):979-992(2002).
    Paul Demaret and Raoul Stewardson, Border Tax Adjustments under GATT and EC Law and General Implications for Environmental Taxes, 28 J. World Trade, No.4(1994).
    U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Public Affairs, Treasury’s Dam Says FSC Solution Will Not Replicate FSC Benefits, October 8, 2002.
    U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Public Affairs, Treasury’s Dam Calls For FSC Repeal, Tax Law Changes In 2003, November 14, 2002.
    U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Public Affairs, Treasury Official Says Work Underway With Congress On FSC Compliance, December 12, 2002.
    Inside U.S. Trade, WTO Awards EU Full $4 Billion Request For FSC Retaliation against U.S. Exports, August 30,2002.
    Inside U.S. Trade, Draft FSC Retaliation List Kicks off Lengthy EU Evaluation Process, September 13,2002.
    Inside U.S. Trade, Official Sees Possible Change to Tax Bill Treatment of Foreign Companies, October 18,2002.
    三、中文書籍及期刊論文
    經濟部國貿局,《關稅暨貿易總協定條文》,民國七十八年。
    經濟部國貿局,《烏拉圭回合多邊貿易談判協定-補貼暨平衡措施協定》,民國八十四年。
    經濟部國貿局,《烏拉圭回合多邊貿易談判協定-爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書》,民國八十四年。
    羅昌發,《國際貿易法》,民國八十八年。
    林永樂,烏拉圭回合談判有關補貼及平衡措施規範之修正趨勢對我之影響,《進口救濟處理委員會特輯》。
    陳明宜,台灣成為全球或區域營運總部的挑戰,《國政評論》,民國九十一年十月。
    陳明進,我國對外投資稅法之修法建議,《實用月刊》,第331期,民國九十一年七月。
    曾巨威,經發會後的財政問題更值得重視,《國政評論》,民國九十一年九月。
    蔡宏明,烏拉圭回合補貼及平衡稅協定對我國之影響,《進口救濟論叢》,第八期。
    蔡英文,國家之經濟干預與國際貿易法-補貼法與衡平稅法(上),《政大法學評論》, 第三十一期,民國七十四年六月。
    蔡英文,國家之經濟干預與國際貿易法-補貼法與衡平稅法(中),《政大法學評論》, 第三十二期,民國七十四年十二月。
    蔡英文,國家之經濟干預與國際貿易法-補貼法與衡平稅法(下),《政大法學評論》, 第三十三期,民國七十五年六月。
    羅昌發,GATT補貼及邊境之稅捐調整規範對環保之適用,《GATT/WTO與我國貿易:國際經貿法研究(四)》,民國八十五年。
    四、網站資料
    The WTO Website:http://www.wto.org
    Federal Tax Law:http://www.taxsites.com/federal.html
    World Trade Online:http://www.insidetrade.com
    World Trade Law:http://www.worldtradelaw.net
    全國法規資料庫:http://law.moj.gov.tw
    行政院全球資訊網:http://www.ey.gov.tw/web/index-ey2000.htm
    經濟部全球資訊網:http://www.moea.gov.tw
    經濟部國貿局經貿資訊網:http://www.trade.gov.tw
    國際經貿組織與法律研究中心:http://www.it.nccu.edu.tw/law/index.asp
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營與貿易研究所
    89351027
    91
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#N2003000018
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文

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