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    Title: 集村興建農舍之制度經濟分析
    Institutional Economic Analysis of Cluster Farmhouse
    Authors: 徐宏明
    Shiu,Hung-Ming
    Contributors: 林森田
    Lin,Sen-Tian
    徐宏明
    Shiu,Hung-Ming
    Keywords: 集村興建農舍
    群聚分區
    動態制度變遷
    制度環境
    制度安排
    制度執行
    Cluster Farmhouse
    Cluster Zoning
    Dynamics of Institutional Change
    Institutional Environment
    Institutional Arrangements
    Institutional Enforcement
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 16:17:27 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 自民國89年起政府將農地政策明訂為「落實農地農用」之方向,為配合此一目標而建立「集村農舍制度」,農舍議題遂成為各方矚目之焦點。由於農舍興建與「農地利用」、「農村景觀」與「農民生活」等議題關係密切,且實際的集村農舍制度規則與執行因涉及制度參與者互動情形,而影響制度執行與最後目標之實現。惟既有的集村農舍研究多以個別觀點,從管制與被管制者的政策、法律保留原則或住宅管制等面向切入,就制度實際運作情形甚少著墨,對於整體制度問 題亦無深入探討,而研究結果多僅表示贊同或反對意見,無法針對集村興建農舍制度獲得較完整的分析。爰此,本研究透過新制度經濟之觀點,探討集村興建農舍之主要制度理念、正式規則之制度環境、及主管農舍業務組織間制度安排問題,並以「新竹湖口」與「雲林斗六」兩個集村案例,進行案例分析與實地訪查,利用與相關承辦人員深度訪談等研究方法,檢驗目前制度之執行與其保護優良農地落實性。再者應用具動態性之制度變遷理論分析,探討我國加入WTO之調整與民國89年總統大選等重要政經因素對於集村農舍制度之影響。最後依據研究結論,對目前集村農舍制度問題提出對策與政策建議,希冀未來集村興建農舍之規則與執行更能落實保護優良農地之理念。本研究之主要結論與建議如下:
    一、研究結論
    (一) 集村農舍制度因加入WTO之調整與總統大選等政經因素影響,減弱保護優良農地之制度理念的落實性,呈現不合理的制度變遷趨勢。
    (二) 規則欠缺農地利用面與引導農舍區位面之管制等制度環境問題,以及農地與農舍管理組織間業務重疊與職權模糊等制度安排問題,產生制度無效執行,甚至出現耗損優良農地資源之情形。
    (三) 以「湖口」與「斗六」兩集村案例歸納其共同現象,目前集村興建農舍制度並未實質照顧農民,亦未能達到保護優良農地之制度目標,須加以研議調整。

    二、政策建議
    (一) 「落實制度理念」-降低建商介入炒作影響制度理念落實的可能、增加落實制度理念之依據、檢討「專案分割」對制度理念落實之影響。
    (二) 「合理的制度環境」-使務農者成為制度主體、提升誘因機制之質量。
    (三) 「有效的制度執行」-地方政府組成集村申請案審查小組、農地利用計畫報請農委會審查列管、加強地方審查人員對於集村制度理念之宣達與執行審查業務教育。
    (四) 近程與中長程措施
    1. 近程建議-明確釐清農舍之定位與推動「示範集村農舍」計畫
    2. 中長程建議-調整制度方向為「以集村方式興建為主」
    Central government has defined the enforcement of farmland for agricultural use as the national farmland policy since 2000. In order to fit the objective of the policy, the central government adopts the institution of cluster farmhouse. The problems of farmhouse cause public attention because it raises other issues, such as ` utilization of farmland `, ` rural landscape ` and ` farmer`s life. The enforcement of cluster farmhouse institution involves the interaction of the actors, which subsequently influence the realization of the ultimate goal. The existing studies on cluster farmhouse focus mainly on the viewpoints of the owners and regulators of farmland, the principal of law reservation or housing control. In contrast to existing studies, this study, based on the concept of Institutional Economics and deep interviews with the relevant officers who take charge of the cluster farmhouse, investigate the institutional environment; institutional arrangement and enforcement of cluster farmhouse. The political and economy factors that influence the institution will be explained. Finally, a prospective promise of improvement for cluster farmhouse will be provided. The main conclusions and policy suggestions are as follows:
    1. The institutional change of cluster farmhouse is deeply influenced by the political economic factors such as to join WTO and to run presidential election which subsequently affects the implementation of the institution.
    2. The institutional environment of cluster farmhouse which lacks the consideration of farmland use, location of farmhouses and its institutional arrangement results in its enforcement deviated from the original concept.
    3. In essence, cluster farmhouse, from the two cases in this study, has not really looked after farmers. The institution also unable to reach its goal of protecting good farmland at present.
    4. Policy recommendations:
    (1)To reduce the possibility for building traders becoming as a leading role in the process of cluster farmhouse .
    (2)To make the people who engage in farming become the subject of the institution, and enhance the quality of the incentive mechanism .
    (3) To promote the concept of cluster farmhouse more rigorously, and thoroughly educate people more on the regulation of enforcement and examination .
    (4)To clarify the role of farmhouse and to give an good example of cluster farmhouse, and then to modify the regulation for building the cluster farmhouse instead of individual farmhouse .
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    (一)期刊文章
    1. 毛育剛,1997,「台灣農地保護政策與措施」,『人與地』,167/168:47-60。
    2. 林明鏘,2005,「論農地與農舍之管理政策與法令」,論文發表於〈2005農地資源利用管理重要議題研討會〉,頁18-29。
    3. 林英彥,1984,「臺灣之農地保護政策」,『臺灣銀行季刊』,35(4):244-284。
    4. 林森田,1998,「農地放寬自由買賣後農地興建農舍之爭議」,『人與地』,179/180:9-10。
    5. 林森田、洪維廷,2004,「代理結構與制度執行:以台灣土地使用分區制度執行為例」,『國立政治大學公共行政學報』,11:77-107。
    6. 邱金火、葉英娟,2005,「集村農舍整體規劃及地政問題探討」,『94年桃園縣地政士論壇』,第一版,頁39-48。
    7. 洪忠修,2000,「由台灣農舍問題論談鄉村地區建築規劃」,『鄉村發展』,1:25-39。
    8. 洪忠修,2000,「農舍管理與農村地區建築規劃」,『農業世界』,201:66-71。
    9. 侯惠仙,1999,「扣農民的地,拿農民的錢,行政院是這樣規劃集村興建農舍的」,『現代地政』,222:6-8。
    10. 陳明燦,2000,「我國農地之使用管制:國土規劃法制之觀點」,『月旦法學』,58:68-88。
    11. 陳明燦,2004,「我國鄉村地區農地興建農舍之法制分析」,『台灣鄉村研究』,4:41-74。
    12. 陳櫻琴,2000,「農地農用」政策之轉向—從增訂農發條例第十八條談起」,『月旦法學』,58:56-67。
    13. 黃明耀,2000,「農地農用與開放興建農舍之政策」,『月旦法學』,58:89-94。
    14. 彭作奎,2000,「農業發展與農地政策」,『月旦法學』,58:34-46。
    15. 張志銘,2003,「耕地分割與農地興建農舍0.25公頃面積限制之探討」,『農政與農情』,137:58-61。
    16. 蔡秀婉、張志銘,2004,「從住宅觀點檢視農地興建農舍之問題」,『土地問題研究季刊』,3(2):16-24。
    17. 劉健哲,2002,「農村住宅政策配合農村發展之探討」,『農業金融論叢』,48:51-93。
    (二)學位與研究論文
    1. 行政院農業委員會,2000,「農地興建農舍之規範研討會會議實錄」,中國農村經濟學會。
    2. 花敬群,2003,「規劃農地為低密度高品質住宅社區配套措施之研究」,行政院經濟建設委員會研究報告。
    3. 林森田,2005,「農業經營專區內農地資源利用管理策略與農業設施設置原則之研究」,行政院農業委員會九十四年度科技研究計畫報告。
    4. 洪維廷,2001,「台灣地區公共設施保留地制度立法過程及執行之研究 : 賽局理論的觀點」,國立政治大學地政學系博士論文:台北。
    5. 洪忠修,2005,「農地資源利用管理重要議題專案小組討論會」,行政院農業委員會九十四年度農業管理計畫報告。
    6. 黃暖方,2003,「農業發展條例修正後我國都市計畫地區農舍興建管制政策之研究」,國立台北大學地政學系碩士論文:台北。
    7. 周志龍,2005,「國土計劃法之規劃開發政策-一個歷史的檢驗」,論文發表於〈國土資源規劃與管理研討會〉,中國土地經濟學會與土地估價學會。
    8. 袁世芬,2004,「農舍興建管制政策之研究-以財產權限制之法律保留原則為中心」,私立逢甲大學土地管理學系碩士論文:台中。
    9. 劉冠德,2003,「以農村社區土地重劃取得集村興建農舍用地之研究」,國立台北大學地政學系碩士論文:台北。
    10. 顏愛靜,2002,「農地政策與農業發展條例座談會」,行政院農業委員會研究報告。
    11. 陳博雅,1996,「台灣地區農舍管理方向之研究」,行政院農業委員會研究報告。
    (三)中文專書
    1. 道格拉斯.諾斯著,劉瑞華譯,1994,「制度、制度變遷與經濟成就」,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司。
    2. 道格拉斯.諾斯著,劉瑞華譯,1995,「經濟史的結構與變遷」,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司。
    3. 羅納德.寇斯著,陳坤銘、李華夏譯,1995,「廠商、市場與法律」,台北:遠流出版事業股份有限公司。
    4. 林森田,2001,「土地經濟理論與分析」,台北:三民書局。
    5. 彭懷恩,1995,「九0年代中華民國政府與政治」,台北:風雲論壇出版社。
    6. 彭懷恩,1997,「台灣政治文化的剖析」,台北:風雲論壇出版社。
    7. 蕭全政,1991,「政治與經濟的整合」,臺北市:桂冠圖書公司。
    二、英文文獻
    1. Arendt, Randall, 1997, “Basing Cluster Techniques on Development Densities Appropriate to the Area”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1):137-145.
    2. Binger, Brian R. and Hoffman, Elizabeth, 1989, “Institutional Persistence and Change:The Question of Efficiency”, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 145:67-84.
    3. Bowler, Christi, 1997, “Farmland Preservation and the Cluster Zoning Model”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1):127-128.
    4. Corser, Susan Ernst, 1994, “Preserving Rural Character Through Cluster Development”, American Planning Association PAS Memo.
    5. Coase, R. H., 1960, “The Problem of Social Cost”, Journal of Law and Economics, 3:1-44.
    6. Daniels, Thomas L., 1997, “Where Does Cluster Zoning Fit in Farmland Protection “, Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1) :129-136.
    7. Danner, John C., 1997, “TDRs-Great Idea but Questionable Value”, The Appraisal Journal, 65(2) :133-142.
    8. Davis, Lance E. and North, Douglass C., 1971, “Institutional Change and American Economic Growth”, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
    9. Demsetz, H., 1967, “Toward a Theory of Property Rights”, American Economic Review, 57:347-59.
    10. Dente, Bruno and Kjellberg, Francesco, 1988, “The Dynamics of Institutional Change”, Chicago.
    11. Fiani, R., 2004, “An Evaluation of the Role of the State and Property Rights in Douglass North’s Analysis”, Journal of Economic Issues.
    12. Frederickson, H. G. Johnson, G. A., and Wood, C. H., 2003, “The Adapted City Institutional Dynamics and Structural Change”, Cleveland:Cleveland State University.
    13. Johnston, Robert A. and Madison, Mary E., 1997, “From Landmarks to Landscapes A Review of Current Practices in the Transfer of Development Rights”, Journal of the American Planning Association, Summer:365-375.
    14. Kantor, Shawn Everett, 1998, “Politics and Property Rights The Closing of the Open Range in the Postbellum South”, Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
    15. Machemer, P. L. and Hamlin, R., 2000, “Transferable Development Rights”, A Policy Brief for the Michigan Legislature.
    16. Machemer, P. L. and Kaplowitz, M. D., 2002, “A Framework for Evaluating Transferable Development Rights Programmes”, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 45(6):773-795.
    17. McConnell, V. Kopits, E. and Walls, M., 2003, “How Well Can Markets for Development Rights Work?Evaluating a Farmland Preservation Program”, Resources for the Future Discussion Paper, March:1-32.
    18. Munton, R., 1995, “Regulating rural change:Property rights, economy and environment--A case study from Cambria, U.K.”, Journal of Rural Studies, 11(3) :269-284.
    19. North, Douglass C. and Thomas, P. Robert, 1973, “The Rise of the Western World:A New Economic History”, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
    20. North, Douglass C., 1990, “Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance”, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
    21. Pivo, G. Small, R. and Wolfe, C. R., 1990, “Rural Cluster Zoning:Survey and Guidelines”, Land Use Law, September:3-10.
    22. Pizor, Peter J., 1986, “Making TDR Work. A Study of Program Implementation”, Planner’s Notebook:203-211.
    23. Rose, J. G., 1975, “The Transfer of Development Rights”, New Jersey:The State University of New Jersey.
    24. Schultz, T. W., 1968, “Institutions and the Rising Economic Value of Man”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50.
    三、參考網址
    1. 農委會網站
    http://bulletin.coa.gov.tw/show_index.php
    2. 農委會水土保持局網站 http://www.swcb.gov.tw/Newpage/swcb09/index.htm
    3. 立法院全球資訊網 http://www.ly.gov.tw/ly/04_library/0401_orglaw/0401_orglaw_01.jsp?ItemNO=04020100
    4. 法源法律網
    http://db.lawbank.com.tw/FLAW/FLAWQRY01.asp
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    地政研究所
    93257015
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093257015
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[地政學系] 學位論文

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