| Abstract: | 「大國外交」(Big-powerDiplomacy)是中共近年來對外政策的一大特，它的形成是由於冷戰結束，國際局勢丕變，大國權力重新排列組合，以及經濟全球化(Globalization)的趨勢，給予中共改善周邊關係，崛起國際舞台的良好時機。於是中共在改革開放，綜合國力增強，其有大國能力的條件下，傳承歷史的大中國思想與心態，以崛起的大國自居，拋棄被壓迫的民族悲情，與西方社會接軌，以爭取在國際社會更大的發言權與相稱的影響力。同時也掌握冷戰後國際體系向多極化，經濟向全球化、區域化及集團化發展趨勢，以大國角色積極與其他大國交往，廣建「夥伴關係」並藉此讓其他大國承認其大國地位﹔俾利在國際上化解中國威脅論以及大國的遏制、在國內制約分離主義、在周邊安定的環境下加入國際體系發展經濟，使中共的綜合國力更加提昇，並在國際間營造有利的多極環境、分化美國同盟力量，確立中共的大國地位與影響力，最後達到成為真正「大國」的目標。
地緣政治（Geopolitics）一直是中共外交政策考慮中極重要的因素；根據地緣政治的理論，任何一個國家所面臨的利益、威脅與未來發展，都與該國的地緣位置息息相關。由於中共的地緣環境獨特，三面為陸地包圍，一面向海。不僅國土幅員廣闊，周邊又與陸地15個國家、海域6個國家為鄰;其中不乏全球性或地區性大國，而且部曾有過戰爭的歷史仇恨；因此，中共為求生存必然十分重視地緣政治。在歷史上，不論是毛澤東時期的「兩大陣營」、「中間地帶」、「三個世界」理論或是「一邊倒」、「兩條線」、「一條線」外交政策；甚至於80年代之前的四次重大對外戰爭，都受到地緣政治因素的影響。到了鄧小平、江澤民時期體察國際地緣政治格局的變化，改採「改革開放」，推動「大國外交」也都是受到地緣政治因素的影響。中共雖以廣建夥伴關係推展「大國外交」，順利加入WTO等國際組織、發展經貿、提昇大國地位，並且取得各國對「一個中國」的共識，但是在美國單極強勢遏制之下，中共企圖營造的多極化世界格局不但沒有成功，反而因為中共加入大國所建立的全球化國際體系後，帶來更多的問題。
"Big-power Diplomacy" has been one of the major foreign policies of the People`s Republic of China recently. Since the end of the Cold War, the reshuffle of big powers in the world and the trends toward economic globalization have given the PRC a wonderful chance to improve her relations with her neighboring countries and to rise on the international stage. Having booted her comprehensive national power after her domestic reformation and liberalization, the PRC, resuming her past "Big China" mental status, further reached out to the Western world to strive for a bigger decision-making power and stronger influence in the world.
Geopolitics has long been a crucial factor for the PRC in evolving foreign policies. Since China is a large country, bordered by many other countries, among which, some are regional or global big powers which were at war with China, the PRC has to place great emphasis on geopolitics in order to survive. To reach her final goal of being a real "big power," the PRC, on the one hand, has been actively establishing "partner relationships" with other big powers to gain international recognition of big power status, suppressing separatism from within, and entering international organizations to develop her economy and to upgrade her overall national power. On the other hand, she has been promoting international diversification and disuniting the US and her allies so that she can establish her big power status and influence in the world. Although the PRC has been successful in entering some international organizations, such as WHO, developing her economy, elevating her international status, and reaching the consensus on "One China" with other countries because of her "Big-power Diplomacy," she has failed in creating a multipolar-power world owing to the suppression of the super power-----the US. Moreover, entering the international organizations established by big powers has brought the PRC many problems that she had not expected. |
