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    Title: 新自由制度主義下的海域資源共同開發:以南沙群島海域為例
    Authors: 李英璇
    Contributors: 黃奎博
    李英璇
    Keywords: 南海
    南海會議
    南沙群島
    共同開發
    新自由制度主義
    the South China Sea
    Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea
    the Spratly islands
    joint development
    Neo-liberal Institutionalism
    Date: 2007
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 20:33:47 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 南中國海內有零星島群,其中以南沙群島為最,乃是世上最多國家涉及主權爭端的海域,其背後有當年殖民主義所遺留下來的歷史因素、現代海洋法公約所造成的曖昧不清的劃界以及主權權利劃分的問題,以及海洋資源的爭奪與政治上戰略地位的考量。上述因素相互關連並交織成南沙群島的主權爭議,中華民國、中華人民共和國、越南、菲律賓、馬來西亞與汶萊六方各執一詞,從法理、歷史甚至是國土安全等論點來宣示主權,不過各爭端國在論點上各有利弊,所以南沙群島的主權劃歸至今仍無解。但是即便各方在主權議題上互不相讓,然而就南沙群島主權爭議而言,這些理性的行為者在幾番考量下仍願意共同合作。就目前的情況來看,先行暫時擱置主權,再進行共同開發似乎是唯一可行的方法,特別是合作的目標物為海上石油與油氣資源,因為能源資源乃是具有高度價值的不可再生性資源,而據相關單位估計,目前全球已開發的石油資源即將面臨耗竭狀態,因此潛在的石油存量才更加吸引各國的目光。


    <br>依照各方的合作意願與態度,本論文將以新自由制度主義中理性選擇下的合作精神與建制概念分析南海共同開發的可適用性與限制性。先論述共同開發的意涵,再闡述新自由制度主義與共同開發的關連性。接者為了配合南海的共同開發,筆者先介紹學者針對南海合作的觀點,再針對一九九零年馬來西亞與泰國暹邏灣大陸架資源共同開發案、二零零二年中國與越南北部灣劃界與漁業協定、二零零五年中、菲、越三國南海聯合海洋地震工作協議與二零零八年中國與菲律賓所發表的有關共同捕魚區的合作建議等四項案例作分析,從實際合作中探討未來針對南沙群島水域的共同開發可行性,並從新自由制度主義探討合作的展望與限制。
    Of all the islands in the South China sea, the island groups of the Spratlys is one of the most keenly disputed territories in Southeast Asia, where overlapping claims for sovereignty and territorial jurisdiction are hotly debated. There are a lot of reasons giving rise to the debate. First some scholars view the problem over the Spratlys as part of the historical legacies left behind by the former Western colonial powers. Second, other scholars place greater emphasis on ambiguous legal aspects of territorial jurisdiction. Third still other scholars emphasize political and geo-strategic considerations to explain the complex situation. Lastly nowadays a lot of studies focus on the possibilities of the discovery of major gas and oil field. Those perspectives above can explain why there is no concrete agreement among the six parties including the Republic of China, the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia and Brunei. Although the issue of sovereignty and territorial jurisdiction is too complicate to deal with now, those rational actors still may cooperate and jointly explore and exploit. At present the only possible way to joint development is to first put sovereignty aside and then collaborate.<br>In this thesis, the objective is to analyze the feasibility and limitation of joint development from Neo-liberal Institutionalism which is mainly about cooperation and regime. First I explain what joint development is and then analyze the linkage between Neo-liberal Institutionalism and joint development. And the next part focuses on the Spratly islands and I analyze four cases including the agreement between Malaysia and Thailand on the constitution and other matters relating to the establishment of the joint authority, the agreement between China and Vietnam on Beibu gulf, the joint authority agreement on joint seismic survey of the South China Sea among the oil companies of China, Vietnam and the Philippines, and the recommendation of common fishing zone. I analyze and predict whether the joint development is feasible in the future through the analysis of practical cooperation.
    Reference: 中文參考資料

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    周 江,2007,〈略論《南海各方行為宣言》的困境與應對〉,《南洋問題研究》,第4期(總第132期),頁27-33。
    林正義,2003,〈十年來南海島嶼聲索國實際作法〉,《亞太研究論壇》,第19期,頁1-11。
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    肆、報告書
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    伍、網路資料
    〈中華民國第一批領海基線、領海及鄰接區外界線示意圖〉,見http://www.land.moi.gov.tw/landfaq/page_03_04_1.htm,檢視日期:2008.5.27。
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    美國中央情報局(Central Intelligence Agency)The CIA World Factbook (2008) 中關於南沙群島的部分,見https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pg.html,檢視日期:2008.5.11。
    英文參考資料
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    Keyuan, Zou, 2006. “Joint Development in the South China Sea: A New Approach,” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 21:83-109.
    Lei, David, 2008. “China’s New Multi-Faceted Maritime Strategy,” Orbis, 52: 139-157.
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    Ong, David M., “Joint Development of Common Offshore Oil and Gas Deposits:‘Mere’State Practice or Customary International Law?” The American Journal of International Law, 93(4): 771-804.
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    Valencia,Mark, 2000. “Regional Maritime Regime Building: Prospects in Northeast and Southeast Asia,” Ocean Development & International Law, 31: 223-347.
    Wu, Samuel S. G. ﹠Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, 1994. “Assessing the Dispute in the South China Sea: A Model of China’s Security Decision Making,” International Studies Quarterly, 38: 379-403.
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    3. On-line Resources
    Djalal, Hasjim, 2000. “South China Sea Island Disputes,
    http://community.middlebury.edu/~scs/docs/Djalal,%20South%20China%20Sea%20Island%20Disputes.htm. 檢視日期:2008.6.1。
    Joyner, Christopher C.. “The Spratly Islands Dispute in the South China Sea: Problems, Policies, and Prospects for Diplomatic Accommodation,”
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    95253015
    96
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095253015
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[外交學系] 學位論文

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