| Reference: | 一、 中文文獻
丁雪英、連燕堂譯（1986）。《當代新聞學》，北京：新華出版社。（原書Voyenne, B. [1962]. La presse dans la société contemporaine. Paris, France: Librairie A. Colin.）
王小章、鄭震譯（2006）。〈文化與民族社會的整合〉，Crane, D.（編），《文化社會學—浮現中的理論視野》，頁 17-36。南京：南京大學出版社。（原書Schudson, M. [1994]. Culture and the Integration of National Societies. In D. Crane (Eds.), The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 21-43). Oxford UK & Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.）
王小章、鄭震譯（2006）。〈通過生產透視法所進行的文化研究：進步與展望〉，Crane, D.（編），《文化社會學—浮現中的理論視野》，頁 144-169。南京：南京大學出版社。（原書Peterson, R. [1994]. Culture Studies Through the Production Perspective: progress and prospects. In D. Crane (Eds.), The Sociology of Culture: Emerging Theoretical Perspectives (pp. 163-190 ). Oxford UK & Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.）
王泰俐（2006）。〈電視新聞「感官主義」對閱聽人接收分析的影響〉，《新聞學研究》，86: 91-133。
白春仁、顧亞鈴譯（2009）。〈陀思妥耶夫斯基詩學問題〉，錢中文（編），《巴赫金全集：第五卷》。石家莊：河北教育出版社。（原書Bakhtin. M. M. [1963]. Problems of Dostoevsky`s poetics. Minneapolis: U Minnesota P.）
何穎怡譯（2001）。《探索新聞：美國報業社會史》，台北：遠流出版社。（原書Schudson, M. [1978]. Discovering the news: a social history of American newspapers. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc.）
吳怡靜（1998 年 5 月）。〈伯納斯李（Tim Berners-Lee, WWW發明人）－我不要專利〉，《天下雜誌》，205: 210-215。
吳筱玫（2003）。《網路傳播概論》。台北：智勝文化。
李利國、黃淑敏譯（1995）。《當代新聞採訪與寫作》，台北：周知文化。（原書Brooks, B., Kennedy, G., Moen, D. R., & Ranly, D. [1992]. News reporting and writing. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.）
李良榮（2003）。《當代西方新聞媒體》。上海：復旦大學出版社。
Buonanno, M. (1993). News-values and fiction-values: news as serial devices and criteria of ‘fiction worthiness’ in Italian TV fiction. European Journal of Communication, 8, 177-202.
Burgh, H, de. (2000). Investigative Reporting. London and New York: Routledge.
Carey, J. W. (1993). The mass media and democracy: Between the modern and the postmodern. Journal of International Affairs, 47(1), 1–21.
Carey, J. W. (1999). In defense of public journalism. In T. L. Glasser (Ed.), The Idea of Public Journalism (pp. 49-66). New York: Guilford Press.
Carpenter, S. (2008). How Online Citizen Journalism Publications and Online Newspapers Utilize the Objectivity Standard and Rely on External Sources. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85(3), 533-550.
Christians, C. G. (2005). Ethical Theory in Communications Research. Journalism Studies, 6(1), 3-14.
Cunningham, B. (2003). Rethinking objectivity. Columbia Journalism Review, 2, 24-32.
Dayan, D. & Katz, E. (1992). Media events: The live broadcasting of history. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Dellarocas, C. (2003). The digitization of word of mouth: promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science, 49 (10), 1407-1424.
Dennis, E. E. & Merrill, J. C. (2006). Media debates: Great issues for the digital age. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
李金銓（2004）。〈政治經濟的分與合：香港媒介結構、新聞自由和政權遞嬗〉，李金銓（編），《超越西方霸權—傳媒與文化中國的現代性》，頁 205-238。香港：牛津出版社。
Deuze, M. & Yeshua, D. (2001). Online journalists face new ethical dilemmas: Lessons from the Netherlands. Journal of Mass Ethics, 16(4), 273-292.
Deuze, M. (2003). The web and its journalism: considering the consequences of different types of newsmedia online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203–30.
Deuze, M. (2004). What is multimedia journalism? Journalism Studies, 5(2), 139-152.
Donsbach, W. & Klett, B. (1993). Subjective objectivity: How journalists in four countries define a key term of their profession. Gazette, 51, 53-83.
Drew, D.G. (1975). Reporters attitudes, expected meetings with source and journalistic objectivity. Journalism Quarterly, 52(2), 219–224.
Dryzek, J. S. (2005). The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourse. Oxford and London: Oxford University Press.
Eksterowicz, A. J. (2000). The history and development of public journalism. In A. J. Eksterowicz & R. N. Roberts (Eds.), Public journalism and political knowledge (pp. 3-20). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Ettema, J. S. & Glasser, T. L. (1998). Custodians of conscience: Investigative journalism and public virtue. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Fenton, N. (2010). Drowning or waving? New media, journalism and democracy. In N. Fenton (Ed.), New media, old news: Journalism & democracy in the digital age (pp. 3-16). London: Sage.
Fishbane, D. M. (1998). I, thou, and we: A dialogical approach to couples therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 24(1), 41–58.
李茂政（2005）。《新聞學新論》。台北：風雲論壇出版社。
Fiske, J. (1987). Television Culture. London, UK: Routledge.
Friend, C. (2007). Traditions, conventions, and ethics. In C. Friend & J. B. Singer (Eds.), Online journalism ethics: traditional and transitions (pp.3-27). Armonk & NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Gade, P. (1996). Values in the newspaper industry: ‘Market-driven’ journalism`s impact on the newsroom. Presented to the media management and economics division Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication conference.
Gane, N. & Beer, D. (2008). New media: The Key Concepts. Oxford: Berg.
Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News. New York, NY: Free Press.
Gans, H. J. (1992). Multiperspective news. In Elliot D. Cohen (ed.), Philosophical Issues in Journalism (pp. 190-204). Oxford, NY: Oxford Univ. Press.
Gerbner, G. (1964). Ideological perspectives and political tendencies in news reporting. Journalism Quarterly, 41(3), 495–508.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1976). Bad news. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1980). More bad news. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Glasgow University Media Group. (1985). War and peace news. Milton Keynes and Philadelphia: Open University Press.
李蕙怡（2008）。《電視與報紙選舉新聞偏差現象之研究—以2008年總統大選為例》。屏東教育大學社會發展學系碩士論文。
Glasgow University Media Group. (1993). Getting the message. News truth and power. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Ha, L. & James, E. L. (1998). Interactivity Reexamined: A Baseline Analysis of Early Business Web Sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 457-474.
Halloran, J. D., Elliott, P., & Murdock, G. (1970). Demonstrations and communication. A case study. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Hamilton, J. (2004). News on the net. In J. Hamilton (Ed.), All the News That`s Fit to Sell (pp. 190-214). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Hammond, S. C., Anderson, R., & Cissna, K. N. (2003). The problematics of dialogue and power. Communication Yearbook, 27, 125-157.
Heinonen, A. (1999). Journalism in the Age of the Net. Tampere: Acta Universitatis Tamperensis.
Heller, A. (1982). Habermas and Marxism. In J. Thompson & D. Held (Eds.), Habermas: Critical debates (pp.21-41). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Herbert, J. (2000). Journalism in the digital age: Theory and practice for broadcast, print and on-line media. Oxford, MA: Focal Press.
Hilton, J. (1987). Performance. Houndmills: Macmillan.
Hoffman, D. L. & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68.
李金銓 (1981)。《大眾傳播理論》。台北：三民書局。
Iggers, J. (1998). Good News, Bad News: Journalism Ethics and the Public Interest. Boulder, CL: Westview Press.
Inglis, F. (1990). Media theory: An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Kawamoto, K. ( 2003). Digital journalism: Emerging media and the changing horizons of journalism. In K. Kawamoto (Ed.), Digital journalism: Emerging media and the changing horizons of journalism ( pp. 1-29). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
Kerrick, J. S., Anderson, T. E., & Swales, L.B. (1964). Balance and the writer’s attitude towards stories and editorials. Journalism Quarterly, 41, 207–215.
Kiousis, S. (2002) Interactivity: A Concept Explication. New Media & Society, 4(3), 355-383.
Ko, H., Cho, C., & Roberts, M. S. (2005). Internet Uses and Gratifications: A structural equation model of interactive advertising. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 57-70.
Kovach, B. & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The elements of journalism - What newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.
Lane, L. L. (2001). A reexamination of the canon of objectivity in American journalism. Unpublished master thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Lasica, J.D. (1996). Net gain. American Journalism Review, 18(9), 20-33.
Levinson, P.(2009). New New Media. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & bacon.
杜耀明、聶依文（2000）。〈客觀報導與公眾服務—一九九八年香港立法會選舉電視採訪報導研究〉，《廣播與電視》，15: 1-36。
Lichtenberg, J. (2000). In Defence of Objectivity Revisited. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass Media and Society (pp. 239-254). London, NY: Arnold.
Liebes, T. (1994). Crimes of reporting: The unhappy end of a fact-finding mission in the Bible. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 4(1&2), 135-150
Lipari, L. (2004). Listening for the others: Ethical implications of the Buber-Levinas encounter. Communication Theory, 14(2), 122–41.
Lippmann, W. (1920). Liberty and the news. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Hone.
Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Livingstone, S. & Lunt, P. (1994).Talk on television. London, UK: Routledge.
Lyotard, Jean-François (1979[1984]). The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. (from French) by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Foreword by Fredric Jameson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Mahood, C., Kalyanaraman, S., & Sundar, S. (2000, August). The effects of erotica and dehumanizing pornography in an online interactive environment. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Phoenix.
Manovich, L. (2002). The language of new media. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Marsh, C., Guth, D. W., & Short, B. P. (2009). Strategic writing: Multimedia writing for public relations, advertising and more. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson.
沈中愷（2006）。《台灣大學生使用網路新聞的動機與行為之研究》。世新大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
Marzolf, M. T. (1991). Civilizing voices: American press criticism 1880-1950. New York, NY: Longman.
Massey, B. L. & Levy, M. R. (1999). Interactivity, Online Journalism, and English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 138-151.
Matheson, D. & Allan, S. (2009). Digital war reporting: Digital media and society series. MA: Polity.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: Let the citizen beware? Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
McNair, B. (2009). News and journalism in the UK. London: Routledge.
McQuail, D. (1975). Communication. London: Longman.
McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s theory of mass communication (4th ed.). London, UK: Sage.
Mencher, M. (2007). News reporting & writing. Boston, Ma.: McGraw-Hill Humanities.
Mirando, J. A. (2001). Embracing objectivity early on: Journalism textbooks of the 1800s. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 16(1), 23-32.
沈錦惠（2005）。〈社群之知 vs. 客觀之知：從電子口語看電子新聞〉，《新聞學研究》，82: 1-40。
Morley, D. (1976). Industrial Conflict and the Mass Media. Sociological Review, 24(2), 245-268.
Mott, F. (1962). American journalism. Toronto, Canada: Macmillan.
Mreeill, J.C., Gade, P. J., & Blevens, F. R. (2001) . Twilight of Press Freedom: The Rise of People’s Journalism. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Newhagen, J. E. (1997). Why communication researchers should study the Internet: A dialogue. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 4-13.
Nofsinger, R. E. (1991). Everyday Conversation. Newbury Park: Sage.
Ogan, C. (1993). Listserv communication during the Gulf War: What kind of medium is the electronic bulletin board? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic media, 37(2), 177-196.
Ong, W. (2002). Information and/or communication: Interactions. In T. Farrell & P. Soukup (Eds.), An Ong reader: Challenges for further inquiry (pp. 505-526). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
Ostertag, B. (2006). People`s movements, people`s press: The journalism of social justice movements. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
Parenti, M. ( 1993) . Inventing Reality: The Politics of News media. NY: St. Martin’s Press.
Pavlik, J. V. (2001). Journalism and new media. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
沈薈、周雨譯（2010）。《維繫民主？西方政治與新聞客觀性》，北京：清華大學出版社。（原書Hackett, R.A. & Yuenzhi Zhao [1998]. Sustaining Democracy? Journalism and the Politics of Objectivity. Toronto: Garamond Press.）
Phillips, E. B. (1977). Approaches to objectivity: Journalistic versus social science perspectives. In P. M. Hirsch, P. V. Miller, & F. G. Kline (Eds.), Strategies for communication research (pp. 63-77). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: From New Media To Communication. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wieman, & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. (pp. 110-134). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
Richard, K.(2009). Ethics for journalists. New York, NY: Routledg.
Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Robinson, S. (2010). Traditionalists vs. Convergers: Textual privilege, boundary work, and the journalist-audience relationship in the commenting policies of online news sites. Convergence, 16(1), 125-143.
Rogers, E. M. (1986). Communication technology: The new media in society. New York: Free Press.
Rosen, J. (1999). The action of the idea: Public journalism in built form. In T. L. Glasser (Eds.). The idea of public journalism (pp. 21-48). New York: The Guilford Press.
Schiller, D. (1979) An historical approach to objectivity and professionalism in American news reporting. Journal of Communication, 29(2): 46-57.
Schudson, M. (1978). Discovering the news. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Schudson, M. (2001). The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism, 2(2), 149-170.
周慶祥（2005）。《網路新聞：理論與實務》。台北：風雲論壇出版社。
Schudson, M. (2005). Autonomy from what? In R. Benson & E. Neveu (Eds.), Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field (pp. 214-223). Cambridge: Polity.
Schultz, T. (2000). Mass Media and the concept of interactivity: an exploratory study of online forums and reader email. Media. Culture & Society, 22(2), 205-221.
Scott, B. (2005). A contemporary history of digital journalism. Television & New Media, 6(1), 89–126.
Silverstone, R. (1999). Introduction: What`s New about New Media? New Media & Society, 1(1), 10-12.
Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are These Guys? The Online Challenge to the Nation of Journalistic Professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139-163.
Singer, J. B. (2004). Strange bedfellows? The diffusion of convergence in four news organizations. Journalism Studies, 5(1), 3-18.
Singer, J. B. (2007). Bloggers and other Participatory Journalists. In C. Friend & J. B. Singer (Eds.), Online journalism ethics: traditional and transitions (pp. 115-150). Armonk & NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Soffer, O. (2009). The competing ideals of objectivity and dialogue in American journalism. Journalism, 10 (4), 473-491.
Soloski, J. (1989). News reporting and professionalism: some constraints on reporting of the news. Media, Culture and Society, 11, 207-228.
Sparks, G. (2006). Media Effects Research: A Basic Overview. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
林敬恆（2004）。《新資訊傳播科技脈落下的文字記者工作技能之研究》。中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
Staab, J. F. (1990). The role of news factors in news selection: A theoretical reconsideration. European Journal of Communication, 5, 423-443.
Streckfuss, R. (1990). Objectivity in journalism: A search and a reassessment. Journalism Quarterly, 67 (4), 973-983.
Thompson, P. (1988). The Voice of the Past: Oral History. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
Thorsen, E. (2008). Journalistic objectivity redefined? Wikinews and the neutral point of view. New Media & Society, 10(6), 935-954.
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York, NY: Free Press.
Tuchman, G.(1972). Objectivity as Strategic Ritual: An Examination of Newsman’s Notions of Objectivity. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660-679.
Tuchman, G. (1999). Objectivity as strategic ritual: An examination of newsmen’s notions of objectivity. In H. Tumber (Ed.), News: A reader (pp. 297-307). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Ulmer, G. (2002). Internet invention: From literacy to electracy. New York, NY: Longman.
Ward, S. J. A. & Wasserman, H. (2010). Toward an open ethics: Implications of new media platforms for global ethics discourse. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 25, 275-292.
Wellman, B. & Gulia, M. (1999). Net Surfers don’t Ride Alone. In B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in The Global Village (pp. 331-366). Boulder, CO: Westview.
林照真（1987）。《從新聞報導實例探討新聞客觀性之體現》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
Westerstahl, J. (1983). Objective news reporting. Communication Research, 10, 403-424.
White, D. M. (1950). The gate keeper: A case study in the selection of news. Journalism Quarterly, 27, 383-390.
Wilkins, L. & Christians, C. G. (2009). The handbook of mass media ethics. New York, NY: Routledge.
Wilkinson, J. S., Grant, A. E., & Fisher, D. J. (2009). Principles of convergent journalism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Williams, E. (2007). Grassroots Journalism: A Practical Manual. Boston, MA: Dollars and Sense.
Wulfemeyer, K. T. (2006). Online newswriting. Iowa: Blackwell.
三、 網路文獻
卡比獸（2008年12月25日）。〈捷運南港站 問題大了!〉，《Peopo公民新聞平台》。取自：http://www.peopo.org/portal.php?op=finePrint&articleId=29305
何醒邦、羅介妤（2011 年 10 月 23 日）。〈立委提案：部落客薦證不實須連帶賠償〉，《聯合新聞網》。取自http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/a38350237/article?mid=90353
吳育剛（2011年3月2日）。〈顛覆傳統新聞報導〉，《網路城邦》。取自 http://blog.udn.com/tzongchuhu/4938308
林照真（2005）。〈「置入性行銷」：新聞與廣告倫理的雙重崩壞〉，《中華傳播學刊》，8: 27-40。
林少予（2007年2月9日）。<發展電子報 紐約时報恐停印>，《聯合報》。取自http://www.wretch.cc/blog/fsj/6091631
林佳誼（2011年2月20日）。〈網路與革命〉，《中時電子報》。取自：http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E8%88%87%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD-20110219-100635-769.html
林秉鴻（2003年4月23日至5月3日）。〈和平醫院SARS 隔離日記〉。取自http://web.archive.org/web/20040616173054/wiki.newzilla.org/SARSQuarantineDiary
林金玉（2011年3月30日）。<匯流時代持續變動的新聞地景—2011年美國新聞媒體發展趨勢與觀察>，「公共電視研究發展部」。取自http://rnd.pts.org.tw/p1/2011/03/News%20Landscope-2011%20USA.pdf
唐慧文（2005年10月20日）。〈美參議員：部落客不算正牌記者〉，《苦勞網》。取自http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/3797
孫窮理（2010年05月22日）。〈對公共化和媒體的回應〉，「2010媒體公民會議」。取自http://2011mediareform.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_22.html
孫窮理（2011年10月30日）。〈遠雄下月定輸贏 松菸聯盟遊行「搗蛋」〉，《苦勞網》。取自http://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/64721
國家通訊傳播委員會（2011年11月28日）。〈100年寬頻上網帳號數〉【公告】。台北市：國家通訊傳播委員會。取自http://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/news_detail.aspx?site_content_sn=2035&is_history=0&pages=0&sn_f=22666
陳百齡（1998年3月）。〈傳播科技與新聞倫理〉，「政治大學傳播學院新聞工作人員在職進修課程─新聞倫理再出發研討會」。台北市木柵。取自http://ethic.commarts.fju.edu.tw/th/%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86.htm
陳順孝（2011）。〈公民新聞〉，『阿孝「新聞學」教學網站』。取自https://sites.google.com/site/jour328/Home/xin-wen-gu-shi
林照真（2006）。《記者，你為什麼不反叛》。台北：天下雜誌出版社。
彭家發（2009）。〈新聞客觀性存廢論平議〉，《卓越新聞獎基金會》。取自http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news003/article.php?storyid=207
斯特瑞克（2008）。〈斯特瑞克的戰地日記─北上72小時的清剿任務 機會只有一次〉，《聚友博客》。取自http://blog.myspace.cn/e/402726687.htm
廖漢原（2011年10月9日）。〈佔領華爾街社群網站發聲〉，《中央社》。取自http://n.yam.com/cna/fn/201110/20111009421353.html
鄭國威（2010年03月06日）。〈看完關於貴婦奈奈的幾篇文章，我完全支持貴婦奈奈。〉，《龜趣來嘻》。取自http://www.bigsound.org/portnoy/weblog/006949.html
鄭國威（2011年10月10日）。〈當一切都成為網路─網路動員與公民新聞〉，《數位文化學院》。取自http://d-academy.tw/archives/1847
蕭裕民（2011年7月29日）。〈牽手？競逐？網路新傳媒的崛起 對傳統傳媒是福是禍？〉，《卓越新聞獎基金會》。取自http://www.feja.org.tw/modules/news003/article.php?storyid=780
Associated Press (2011, March). Facts & Figures. Retrieved from ap.org web site: http://www.ap.org/pages/about/about.html
BBC (2005年7月9日)。<照相手機零距離報道倫敦爆炸現場>，《BBC中文網》。取自http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4660000/newsid_4668400/4668423.stm
Brockus, S. (2009, Dept.). Rethinking the Reader’s Role in Community Journalism. Paper presented at Newspapers and Community-Building Symposium XV, Mobile, Ala. Retrieved from nnaweb.org web site: http://www.nnaweb.org/acts2009/presentations/brockus.pdf
Cobb, F. I. (1919, Dec. 11). The press and public opinion: an address delivered before the Women`s City Club of New York. Retrieved from ebooksread.com web site: http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/frank-i-cobb/the-press-and-public-opinion--an-address-delivered-before-the-womens-city-club-ala/1-the-press-and-public-opinion--an-address-delivered-before-the-womens-city-club-ala.shtml
林照真（2011a）。〈因為科技，新聞正處於改變的轉捩點上？〉，《傳播研究與實踐》，1(1): 25-34。
Dube, J. (2003, April 15). A Bloggers` Code of Ethics. Retrieved from cyberjournalist.net web site: http://www.cyberjournalist.net/news/000215.php
Epiphany, C. (2006, January 11). BBC: How mobiles changed the face of news. Retrieved from smartmobs.com web site: http://www.smartmobs.com/2006/01/11/bbc-how-mobiles-changed-the-face-of-news/
Giles, J. (2005, Dec. 14). Special report: Internet encyclopedias go head to head. Nature. Retrieved from nature.com web site: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html
Giles, J. (2008, June 20). Do we need an open Britannica? Retrieved from guardian.co.uk web site: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/jun/20/wikipedia
Huffington Post (2011, March 16). Twitter, Facebook Become Vital During Japan Earthquake. Huffington Post. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com web site: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/11/twitter-facebook-become-v_n_834767.html
Internet World Stats (2011, March). World Internet Usage And Population Statistics. Retrieved from internetworldstats.com web site: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Jones, A. S. (2004, July 18). Bloggers Are the Sizzle, Not the Steak. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from latimes.com web site: http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jul/18/opinion/oe-jones18
LASICA, J. (2005, February 17). The cost of ethics: Influence peddling in the blogosphere. Retrieved from Online Journalism Review web site: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050217lasica/
MacKinnon, Rebecca (2008, Jan. 13). Journalism 2.0: The Future of News. Retrieved from NCCU web site: http://www.commrd.nccu.edu.tw/material/photo/pdf/journalism-20-the-future-of-news.pdf
Netcraft. (2011, Feb. 15). February 2011 Web Server Survey. Retrieved from netcraft.com web site: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2011/02/15/february-2011-web-server-survey.htm
林照真（2011b 年 7 月）。〈探索數位新聞聚合現象－以台灣手機新聞為例〉，「2011 中華傳播學年會」，新竹市交通大學。
Orlowski, A. (2006, March 23). Nature Mag Cooked Wikipedia Study. Retrieved from theregister.co.uk web site: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/03/23/britannica_wikipedia_nature_study/
Outing, S. (2002, March 13). Interactive news is newspaper-wide effort in Spokane. Retrieved from allbusiness.com web site: http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services-miscellaneous-business/4691872-1.html
Pew Research Center (2011, March 14). The Stae of American News Media 2011. In The Project for Excellence in Journalism. Retrieved from stateofthemedia.org site: http://stateofthemedia.org/
Pryor, L. (2002, April 18). The Third Wave of Online Journalism. Retrieved from Online Journalism Review web site: http://www.ojr.org/ojr/future/1019174689.php
Rosen, J. (2010, Sept. 06). The Journalists Formerly Known as the Media: My Advice to the Next Generation. Jay Rosen: Public Notebook. Retrieved from jayrosen.posterous.com web site: http://jayrosen.posterous.com/the-journalists-formerly-known-as-the-media-m
The Huffington Post. (2011, March 11). Twitter, Facebook Become Vital During Japan Earthquake. Retrieved from huffingtonpost.com web site: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/11/twitter-facebook-become-v_n_834767.html
Ward, M. (2006, March 24). Finding a role in the realm of the blogger. Press Gazette. Retrieved from pressgazette.co.uk web site: http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=33601§ioncode=1
Weinberger, D. (2009, July 19). Transparency is the new objectivity. Retrieved from advisoranalyst.com web site: http://advisoranalyst.com/advisor/2010/03/30/transparency-is-the-new-objectivity/
Wikinews (2005). Wikinews: Neutral Point of View. Retrieved from wikinews.org web site: http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Neutral_point_of_view
林鶴玲（2001）。〈數位新聞時代的倫理挑戰─台灣網路新聞發展的一些經驗〉，《亞洲研究》，39: 74-114。
施盈廷（2003）。〈資訊時代的新聞概念─小寫新聞的誕生〉，《資訊社會研究》，4: 181-210。
施盈廷（2007 年 7 月）。〈找尋民主參與的新典範──從上街頭到上維基百科〉，「2007 中華傳播學年會」，新北市淡江大學。
施盈廷（2009）。〈維基新聞─全民參與新聞媒體的可能方案〉，《臺大新聞論壇》，8: 31-74。
紀慧君（2003）。《建構新聞事實：定位與權力》。政治大學新聞學系博士論文。
夏鑄九、王志弘、殷寶寧、溫蓓章、黃麗玲、魏慶嘉譯（2000）。《網絡社會之崛起》。台北：唐山出版社。（原書Castells, M. [2000]. The rise of the network society. Malden, MA: Blackwell.）
徐孟延、蘇蘅（2011 年 7 月）。〈多媒介時代的新聞與倫理：民眾的新聞暴露、媒介信任與倫理觀〉，「2011 中華傳播學年會」，新竹市交通大學。
翁秀琪、許傳陽、蘇湘琦、楊韶彧、葉瓊瑜（1997）。《新聞與社會真實建構－大眾媒體、官方消息來源與社會運動的三角關係》。台北：三民書局。
翁秀琪、鍾蔚文、簡妙如、邱承君（1999）。〈似假還真的新聞文本世界—新聞如何呈現超經驗事件〉，《新聞學研究》，58: 59-83。
袁文麗（2008）。〈在對話中傳播 在傳播中對話─巴赫金對話理論的傳播學意義〉，《山西大學學報》，31(6): 120-124。
張昆（2007）。〈馬克思恩格斯的新聞專業理想〉，《新聞記者》，9: 5-8。
張杰（1998）。〈編選者序〉，張杰（編）《巴赫金集》，頁 1-13。上海：上海遠東出版社。
張郁敏、彭賢恩（2008）。〈政治置入性新聞對新聞可信度的影響〉，《新聞學研究》，95: 55-11。
張培芬（2005）。《開店秘笈》。台北：聯經出版社。
張寶芳（2006）。〈網路新聞學概說〉，彭家發、蘇蘅、張寶芳、金溥聰（編），《新聞學（一）－新聞學新論》，頁 308-328。台北：國立空中大學。
許燕（2005）。《新聞報導的客觀性原理研究》。上海復旦大學新聞學院博士論文。
許瓊文（2009）。〈新聞記者採訪報導受害者應面對的新聞倫理：多元觀點的論證〉，《新聞學研究》，100: 1-55。
陳芸芸、劉慧雯譯（2003）。《特新大眾傳播理論》，台北：韋伯文化。（原書McQuail, D. [2000]. Mass Communication Theory. CA: Sage.）
陳秋雲（2005）。《網路媒體對新聞產製及專業之影響：個案分析（2000-2005年）》。政治大學新聞學系碩士論文。
陳紅豔（2005）。〈對策劃性新聞客觀性的理倫探討〉，《上海工程技術大學教育研究》，4: 61-64。
陳雅玫譯（2006）。《新聞文化》，台北：書林。（原書Stuart Allan. [2004]. News Culture. Buckingham, UK: UP.）
陳順孝（2003）。《新聞控制與反控制》。台北：五南出版社。
單波（1999）。〈重建新聞客觀性原理〉，《新聞學研究》，61: 247-258。
喬新生（2011）。〈新聞客觀性的基本內涵〉，《青年記者》，10: 38-39。
彭芸（2007）。《媒介管理者認知新聞專業性及組織衝突之研究》。（國科會專題研究計劃，95-2412-H-004-012）。台北：政治大學新聞系。
彭芸（2008）。《21世紀新聞學與新聞學研究》。台北：雙葉。
彭家發（1992）。《新聞論》。台北：三民出版社。
彭家發（1994）。《新聞客觀性原理》。台北：三民書局。
黃守義、許詩嫺譯（2008）。〈從多元研究傳統探討互動性模型、使用者、文件與系統〉，《新媒介科技手冊》，頁 409-458。台北：韋伯文化。（原書McMillan, S. [2006]. Exploring models of interactivity from multiple research traditions: users, documents and systems. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (pp. 205-229). London: Sage.）
黃國瑋（2008）。《審議民主的新聞報導－以公民會議為例》。世新大學新聞學系碩士論文。
楊志弘（2001）。〈網路媒體的互動功能之探討──兼論互動網路新聞的發展〉，《傳播管理學刊》，3(1): 1-20。
楊慧娟譯（2006）。《網路新聞學：新媒體的應用實務與展望》，台北：五南。（原書Stovall, J. G. [2004]. Web Journalism: Practice and Promise of a New Medium. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.）
賈澤林譯（2009）。〈論行為哲學〉，錢中文（編），《巴赫金全集：第一卷》，頁 3-75。石家莊：河北教育出版社。（原書Bakhtin. M. M. [1993/1972]. Toward a philosophy of the act. University of Texas Press.）
臧國仁（1998）。〈新聞報導與真實建構：新聞框架理論的觀點〉，《傳播研究集刊》，第三集。
臧國仁（1999）。《新聞媒體與消息來源：媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北：三民書局。
語冰譯（2000）。《米哈伊爾．巴赫金》，北京：中國人民大學出版社。（原書Clark, K. & Holquist, M. [1984]. Mikhail Bakhtin. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.）
劉自強譯（1999）。《從文本到行動》，北京：北京大學出版社。（原書Olivier Mongin. [1998]. Paul Ricoeur. French: Seuil.）
劉昌德（2007）。〈媒體倫理的政治經濟學：國家、資本、與新聞專業規範的流變〉，《中華傳播學刊》，11: 111-153。
劉靜怡（2009）。〈數位時代的「記者特權」：以美國法制之發展為論述中心〉，《新聞學研究》，98: 139-192。
蔡之國、潘佳佳（2010）。〈客觀真實與主觀傾向之間的新聞敘事〉，《南通大學學報》，26(6): 126-130。
蔡鴻濱（2005 年 7 月）。〈部落格與公共領域的實踐：以「南方社區文化網絡」為例〉，「2005 中華傳播學年會」，台北市台灣大學。
鄧麗萍（2005）。《從爭議性新聞探討客觀報導與事實建構》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
曉河譯（2009）。〈1961年筆記〉，錢中文（編），《巴赫金全集：第四卷》，頁 322-365。石家莊：河北教育出版社。
蕭嚴譯（2005）。《報紙的良知》，北京：中國人民大學出版社。（原書Flint, L. N. [1925]. The conscience of the newspaper: A case book in the principles and problems of journalism. D. Appleton and Company.）
錢中文（2009）。〈理論是可以常青的──論巴赫金的意義〉，錢中文（編），《巴赫金全集：第一卷》，頁 1-69。石家莊：河北教育出版社。
錢中文譯（2009）。〈關於陀思妥耶夫斯基長篇小說的複調性〉，錢中文（編），《巴赫金全集：第四卷》，頁 416-426。石家莊：河北教育出版社。
姜雪影、彭春美譯（2000）。《製作新聞》，台北：遠流出版社。（原書Roshco, B. [1975]. Newsmaking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.）
謝靜（2009）。《美國的新聞媒介批評》。北京：中國人民大學出版社。
謝瀛春（1997）。〈數位媒介對大眾傳播的革命性挑戰〉，謝瀛春（編），《資訊科技對人文、社會的衝擊與影響期末研究報告》，頁 127-146。台北：中央研究院資訊科學研究所。
魏炫譯（2001）。《巴赫金：對話與狂歡》，石家莊：河北教育出版社。（原書北岡誠司 [1998].《バフチン：対話とカーニヴァル》。日本東京：講談社。）
羅文輝（1991）。《精確新聞報導》。台北：正中書局。
羅文輝、蘇蘅、林元輝（1998）。〈如何提升新聞的正確性：一種新查證方法的實驗設計〉，《新聞學研究》，56: 269-296。
羅世宏譯（2006）。《傳播理論──起源、應用與方法》，台北：五南出版社。（原書為Severin, W. J. & Tankard, Jr J. W. [1998]. Communication Theories: Origins, Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media (4th Edition). Longman Publishers.）
羅耀宗、黃貝玲、蔡宏明譯（2009）。《N世代衝撞：網路新人類正在改變你的世界》。台北：麥格羅希爾。（原書Tapscott, D. [2008]. Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. US: McGraw-Hill.）
蘇碩斌譯（2009）。《媒介文化論：給媒介學習者的15講》。台北：群學。（原書吉見俊哉 [2004]. 《メディア文化論：メディアを学ぶ人のための15話》。東京：有斐閣。）
二、 西文文獻
Alioto, A. (1987). A History of Western Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Altschull, J. H. (1984). Agents of power: The role of the news media in human affairs. New York, NY: Longman.
Anderson, R., Dardenne, R., & Killenberg, G. (1994). The conversation of journalism: Communication, community, and news. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Artwick, C. G. (2004). Reporting and producing for digital media. Iowa: Blackwell.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Ball-Rokeach, S.J. & Reardon, K. (1988). Monologue, dialogue and telelogue: comparing an emerging form of communication with traditional forms. In R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wieman & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes. (pp.135-161). Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
Beckett, C. & Mansell, R. (2008) Crossing boundaries: new media and networked journalism. Communication, Culture & Critique, 1(1), 92-104.
Beckett, C. (2008). SuperMedia: Saving journalism so it can save the world. Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Bell, D. (1979). The Social Framework of the Information Society. In T. Foster (Ed.), The Microelectronics Revolution (pp. 500-549). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bennett, W. (1996). News: the Politics of Illusion. New York, NY: Longman.
Blattberg, R. C. & Deighton, J. (1991). Interactive marketing: Exploring the age of addressability. Sloan Management Review, 33(1), 5-14.
Blood, R. (2002). The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.
Boudana, S. (2011). A definition of journalistic objectivity as a performance. Media, Culture & Society, 33(3), 385-398.
Boyer, J. H. (1981). How Editors View Objectivity. Journalism Quarterly, 58(1), 24-28.
Breed, W. (1955). Social control in the newsroom. A Functional Analysis Social Force, 33, 326-335.
Brinton, C. (1963). Shaping of Modern Thought. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Buber ,M. (1965). The Knowledge of Man: A philosophy of the interhuman (M. Friedman, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.
Buber, M. (1999[1937]). I and thou. (trans. R. G. Smith.) Edinburgh: T&T Clark. |
