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    Title: 中國大陸奇異果商品化研究-以紐西蘭為借鏡
    The research of commercialization of Chinese Kiwifruit-lessons from New Zealand experience
    Authors: 毛舞雲
    Contributors: 邱仁鈿
    毛舞雲
    Keywords: 中國大陸
    紐西蘭
    奇異果
    獼猴桃
    商品化
    農業產業化
    公私協力
    China
    New Zealand
    kiwifruit
    mihoutao
    Zespri
    public and private partnership
    agricultural industrialization
    commercialization
    Date: 2011
    Issue Date: 2012-10-30 13:58:14 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 獼猴桃源出於中國,卻成就於紐西蘭,並有了「奇異果」此一新名稱。而且,來自中國大陸的奇異果,價格比其本土的獼猴桃高出數倍,兩者於口感、外型等其他方面,亦存在明顯差距;如何使中國獼猴桃轉變為奇異果,是本論文的研究重心。在此目標下,本論文分為「紐西蘭奇異果」與「中國大陸獼猴桃」兩部分,以文獻閱讀、資料搜尋、田野調查、專家訪談等方式,先從紐西蘭出發,研究促成奇異果產業形成的關鍵因素,再將此關鍵因素提供中國大陸獼猴桃發展參考,最後得出結論與建議。本論文發現,在形塑產業的過程中,「政府」在法律保障、制度規劃、外部產業環境的營造上,扮演著重要角色,因此本論文之立場選擇,係以「中國大陸獼猴桃盛產區政府」之角度,借鏡紐西蘭的發展經驗,在政策規劃的思維下,為獼猴桃尋找建設性的出路,並以此作為結論與建議。

    紐西蘭提供的經驗,包括制訂專法規範奇異果產業、立法保護單一出口機制、建立誘因機制、打造產業群聚、以資料庫進行科學化管理、重視品種研究,以及政府為扶植紐西蘭奇異果產業所做的其他措施。而中國大陸獼猴桃產業尚處於發展初階,加上各地方獼猴桃的適生度不同,經營集中度低,資源難以匯聚,使獼猴桃一直無法有效商品化。但由於獼猴桃栽種面積與產量皆為世界第一,近年來更開發出多元食用與藥用等用途,再加上中國大陸法制建設逐步完善,投資風險降低,若以紐西蘭奇異果產業的經驗為借鏡,調整措施並加強整合,獼猴桃發展前景仍值得期待。

    有鑑於此,本研究以「公私協力八卦模型」作為結論,並建議中國大陸首先應擇定試點集中經營之區域,以便日後將商品化經驗複製於其他省份。在試點經營措施上,本論文建議以平台為依托進行整合;針對獼猴桃制訂相關法規,促使能夠引領產業整體發展的龍頭集團形成;建立誘因機制,讓龍頭集團的經營利潤回饋果農;並在品種培育、收購標準、資料庫管理等方式下,逐步形成標準化生產,再加上獼猴桃基金的保險機制,讓中國大陸獼猴桃逐步從產業化邁向商品化。
    Mihoutao originated from China but thrived in New Zealand under the name of “kiwifruit”; however, the price of kiwifruit is vastly higher than that of Mihoutao, and their taste and shape are of evident differences. As such, this thesis seeks to answer the question of “how to turn mihoutao into kiwifruit” by looking into the management and operation of New Zealand kiwifruit industry and providing lessons from such experience to the commercialization of China mihoutao.

    This thesis adopts methodologies of material reading, data collecting, field works, and expert interviewing to reach the final conclusions and suggestions, and it is discovered that the government plays a key role in the process of agriculture industrialization. Therefore, the proposed suggestions are for “the government of China mihoutao province” to echo with my topic.

    This thesis concludes with “Eight-trigram Model” to express the partnership with public and private sectors. Furthermore, it suggests China to construct the mihoutao commercialization mechanism on the regional basis as an experiment, which can be later duplicated in other provinces. More specifically about the measures, referring to New Zealand kiwifruit industry’s policies, mihoutao regulations, leading corporation, incentives, plant cultivation, scientific management via database, mihoutao fund are recommended. With all these policies in order, it is believed that a more institutionalized and commercialized mihoutao industry will be gradually shaped, and the Chinese “mihoutao” will also be commercialized as “kiwifruit” eventually.
    Reference: 【中文】

    一、專書
    宋‧唐慎微,重修政和經史證類本草,卷23果部,四部叢刊正編,冊20,台灣商務印書館,頁514,1979年
    宋‧寇宗奭,叢書集成簡編‧本草衍義,台灣商務印書館,頁104,1966年3月一版
    李明軒、邱如美合譯,Michael E. Porter著,國家競爭優勢(上),天下文化,頁103-190,1996年8月
    明‧李時珍,本草綱目,果部卷33,果之五獼猴桃,國立中國醫藥研究所,1078頁,2001年12月三版
    唐‧孔穎達注(清‧阮元校勘),毛詩正義,十三經注疏(二),台北大化書局,頁814,1989年10月4版
    晉‧韓康伯注,周易正義‧繫辭(上),十三經注疏(一),台北大化書局,頁168,1989年10月四版
    高亨,詩經今注,上海古籍出版社,頁190,2009年5月二版
    陳鐵民、侯忠義,岑參集校注,上海古籍出版社,頁51,2004年9月一版

    二、論文
    李曉紅,陝西獼猴桃產業發展與對策研究,西北農林科技大學碩士論文,2010年5月,頁37
    張雯佳,陝西獼猴桃產業化研究,西北農林科技大學在職攻讀碩士學位研究生學位論文,2008年5月,頁28
    顏世偉,陝西省獼猴桃產業現狀與發展瓶頸之研究,西北農林科技大學碩士論文,2011年10月,頁15

    三、政策規章
    2002年《外商投資產業指導目錄》
    2004年《外商投資產業指導目錄》
    2007年《外商投資產業指導目錄》
    2011年《外商投資產業指導目錄》
    《陝西省人民政府辦公廳關於在獼猴桃生產中禁用膨大劑的通知》,陝政辦發〔2011〕58號,2011年6月3日
    《國民經濟和社會發展第十個五年規劃綱要》
    《國民經濟和社會發展第十一個五年規劃綱要》
    《國民經濟和社會發展第十二個五年規劃綱要》
    《關於扶持農業產業化經營重點龍頭企業的意見的通知》,2000年10月

    四、期刊
    呂岩、劉占德,獼猴桃生產中存在的幾個問題,西北園藝,頁8,2011年8月
    李仁芳,設計力的風土條件,今周刊750期,頁20
    李克、周靜,農業產業化龍頭企業帶動農戶形式比較,中國市場,第22期,頁7,2011年
    杜吟棠,農業產業化經營和農民組織創新對農民收入的影響,小城鎮建設,第2期,頁34-39,2006年
    林柯、任紅岩,公司加農戶模式的運行缺陷與食品安全,科學•經濟•社會,第2期,頁69-72,2006年
    姜雅莉、張祖慶、賈金榮,陝西周至縣獼猴桃產業存在的問題及對策,安徽農業科學,35卷21期,頁113
    孫兆軍,獼猴桃成為陝西省水果中收益最高產業,中國果業信息,29冊1期,頁54,2012年
    袁香麗、劉懿、喬振華、丁鑫、趙莉、強朝雅、谷逢曉、王歡鳳,周至縣獼猴桃產業存在的問題及發展對策,農村經濟與科技,22卷12期,頁113,2011年
    張清明,獼猴桃品種的現狀與選擇,西北園藝,頁6,2011年8月
    郭曉鳴、廖祖君、付嬈,龍頭企業帶動型、仲介組織聯動型和合作社一體化三種農業產業化模式的比較,中國農村經濟,頁41,2007年4月
    雷玉山、王西銳、李永武、劉運松,陝西秦嶺北麓獼猴桃產業現狀及技術需求分析,陝西農業科學,頁124,2012年1期
    劉印生,發揮龍頭企業帶動作用加快陝西農業產業化步伐,西北農林科技大學學報,11卷2期,頁23,2011年3月
    戴薇、張博,周至縣獼猴桃產業升級的調查與思考,西北農林科技大學學報,12卷2期,頁73,2012年3月
    謝代銀、劉輝,關於農業產業化經營的再認識,農村經濟,第6期,頁14,1999年
    羅桂環,獼猴桃發展小史,中國農史,21卷3期,中國農業出版社,頁25-26,2002年3月

    五、新聞
    杜青林,發展一村一品促進強村富民 扎實推進社會主義新農村建設,杜青林部長在全國發展一村一品經驗交流會議上講話的通知,2006年5月25日:http://www.moa.gov.cn/govpublic/NCJJTZ/201006/t20100606_1532838.htm
    佳沛(Zespri)紐西蘭奇異果國際行銷公司亞洲區總經理陳郁然先生專訪,新浪網上海頻道:http://sh.sina.com.cn/eat/18122200606123300.shtml
    原生地在湖北 市民為何吃不到漢產獼猴桃,武漢晚報,2011年10月24日,http://www.hb.xinhuanet.com/food/2011-10/24/content_23963180.htm
    夏先清,陝西建成世界最大的秦嶺北麓獼猴桃集中產區,中國經濟網,2009年09月24日,http://district.ce.cn/zg/200909/24/t20090924_20089180.shtml
    陳鋼、谷欣容,陝西楊淩:「專家大院」讓科技與農民面對面,新華網,2005年11月9日:http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-11/09/content_3753182.htm

    六、網路資料
    劉啟祥,紐西蘭奇異果之栽培與行銷,花蓮區農業專訊,http://hdais.coa.gov.tw/htmlarea_file/web_articles/hdais/521/bull-53_14-18.pdf
    劉國輝、高賀梅,獼猴桃優良品種簡介,中國獼猴桃信息網,http://www.zzmht.com/index.php3?file=detail.php3&kdir=1716360&nowdir=2132976&id=465067&detail=1
    中國獼猴桃之鄉──周至,陝西省周至縣政府:http://www.zhouzhi.gov.cn/html/zjzz/spzz_132_1876.html
    獼猴桃主要包括哪些種類,中國農業信息網(中華人民共和國農業部),http://2010jiuban.agri.gov.cn/kjtg/syjs/t20091021_1368866.htm
    國家品質監督檢驗檢疫總局2007年第44號公告國家地理標誌網,http://www.npgi.com.cn/documents/201004/1473.shtml
    韓海燕,發展壯大陝西獼猴桃產業的探索與思考,陝西經濟研究,2012年2期,http://www.sxzys.gov.cn/news-4355
    中國科學院武漢植物園簡介,中國科學院武漢植物園,http://www.wbg.cas.cn/qygk/zwyjj/
    獼猴桃新品種 WIB-C6(金桃),中國科學院武漢分院,http://www.whb.ac.cn/ydhz/xmycg/200909/t20090908_2468631.html
    湖南老爹農業科技開發股份有限公司簡介,湖南省商務廳,http://xiangxi.hunancom.gov.cn/qyxx/85836.htm
    引智促進獼猴桃科研自主創新和產業化發展,四川省國際人才交流協會,http://sichuan.caiep.org/events/content.php?id=33241

    【英文】

    一、專書
    Graham T. Crocombe & Michael J. Enright, Michael E. Porter, Upgrading New Zealand’s Competitive Advantage, Oxford University Press (1991)
    Jane Kelsey, Reclaiming the Future: New Zealand and the Global Economy 227 (1999)

    二、期刊
    Michael E. Porter, Clusters and the New Economics of Competition, Harv. Bus. Rev., December 1998, at 78-80

    三、報告
    Anthony Hume & Carla Coelho, Assessment of The Water Footprint of Fresh Kiwifruit: Methods and Scoping, 32 (Landcare Research Report, March 2011)
    Farm Monitoring Report 2011 - Horticulture Monitoring: Kiwifruit, Ministry of Primary Industries, August 5, 2011
    Global New Zealand – International trade, investment, and travel profile: Year ended June 2011, Statistics New Zealand
    Mark Kilgour et al, The Key Elements of Success and Failure of New Zealand Kiwifruit Industry, 29-30
    Situation And Outlook For New Zealand Agriculture And Forestry 2 (June 14, 2011), New Zealand Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
    World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report (2011-2012), at 277
    World Kiwifruit Review 22 (2011), Belrose Inc.(World Fruit Market Analysis)
    Zespri International, Buying, Selling or Leasing a Kiwifruit Orchard (2011), at 5
    Zespri International, Zespri 2025, at 11
    Zespri International, Zespri New Grower Information Sheet (2011), at 2

    四、年報
    Dole Annual Report (2011, 2010, 2009)
    Plant & Food Institute Annual Report (2011)
    Sunkist Annual Report (2011, 2010, 2009)
    Zespri Annual Report (2009-10)
    Zespri Annual Report (2010-11)
    Zespri Annual Report (2011-12)

    五、新聞
    Johnathan Hutchison, Disease Threatens New Zealand Kiwi Industry, New York Times, 14 October 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/business/global/15iht-kiwi.html?pagewanted=all

    六、網路資源
    Chinese gooseberry becomes kiwifruit, New Zealand History Online (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/the-chinese-gooseberry-becomes-the-kiwifruit
    About NZKGI, New Zealand Kiwifruit Growers Incorporated, http://nzkgi.org.nz/about-kgi.html
    Administrative Tribunals: A Discussion Paper, Legislation Advisory Committee, New Zealand Ministry of Justice, http://www2.justice.govt.nz/lac/pubs/1988/admin_tribunals/appendix_4.html
    Becoming a Grower, Zespri International, http://www.zespri.com/about-zespri/zespri-growers/becoming-a-grower.html
    Brian Easton, Economy, Te Ara-the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/economy/2/7
    Capability Funding, New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, http://www.msi.govt.nz/get-funded/build-your-business/what-we-offer/capability-funding/
    Case Study: ZespriGold Kiwifruit, Plant and Food Institute, http://www.plantandfood.co.nz/page/home/case-studies/gold-kiwifruit/
    Hugh Campbell & Julia Haggerty, Kiwifruit - Early history, names and varieties, Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/kiwifruit/2
    Hugh Campbell & Julia Haggerty, Kiwifruit - The hairy berry, Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/kiwifruit/1
    Kiwifruit, New Crop Resource Online Program, Purdue University, http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/kiwifruit_ars.html#Climate
    Kiwifruits, New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries, http://www.mpi.govt.nz/agriculture/horticulture/fruits
    Map of Northern New Zealand, NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/overview/map_north
    New Zealand Kiwifruit Marketing Board, New Zealand Ministry of Justice, http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/global-publications/d/directory-of-official-information-archive/directory-of-official-information-december-1997/alphabetical-list-of-entries-1/k/kiwifruit-marketing-board-new-zealand
    New Zealand Tourism, http://www.newzealand.com/int/
    Our Brands, Vital Foods, http://www.vitalfoods.co.nz/ourbrands/
    Recognized Seasonal Employers, Immigration New Zealand , http://www.immigration.govt.nz/employers/employ/temp/rse/
    Sally Gardiner, Zespri’s Value Chain, at 7, http://www.mirinz.org.nz/docs/01-Keynote-Zespri-value-chain-Sally-Gardiner.pdf
    The Green Heart of Bay of Plenty, Te Puke Economic Development Group, http://www.tepuke.co.nz/kiwifruit/
    Trade Relationships and Agreements, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade, http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/index.php
    Zespri History, Zespri International, http://www.zespri.com/about-zespri/history.html
    Zespri International, Frequently Asked Questions, http://www.zespri.com/about-zespri/faqs.html
    Zespri International, Frequently Asked Questions, http://www.zespri.com/about-zespri/faqs.html
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    智慧財產研究所
    99361008
    100
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099361008
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of Intellectual Property] Theses

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