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政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/56875

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Title:	分類學習上的類別變異效果 Category-variability effect on category learning
Authors:	吳岳勳 Wu, Yueh Hsun
Contributors:	楊立行 Yang, Lee Xieng 吳岳勳 Wu, Yueh Hsun
Keywords:	類別變異分類學習聽覺分類實驗相似性理論規則為基礎理論 Category variability Category learning Auditory categorization task Similarity-based model Rule-based model
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2013-02-01 16:53:05 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	在過去的分類學習研究中有個重要的問題始終無法得到確切的解答，Rips(1989)發現人們對於介在兩個不同變異類別正中間、距兩類別相等的目標刺激在分類判斷上傾向將目標刺激分類至高變異類別，即為類別變異效果，後續研究認為人們是否知覺類別變異會影響人們是否在分類判斷上偏好高變異類別的因素，本研究便以兩個層次探討知覺類別變異對於分類決策的影響，首先在實驗一利用了指導語影響受試者對於類別結構的變異知覺，結果發現是否提供類別變異線索並不會使得人們在分類判斷上偏好高變異類別，實驗二和實驗四利用了調整刺激材料的變異程度試圖以不同的變異組合影響人們對於變異程度的知覺，實驗結果顯示在加大了兩類別的變異程度後，人們更容易知覺到變異程度的不同而偏好將目標刺激分類至高變異類別，另外，本研究採用了經由mel scale 轉換的單音聽覺刺激材料進行實驗，並在實驗三中以相似性評分實驗和MDS 分析確認目標刺激的位置如同實驗預期，且變異程度設定與研究假設相同。最後透過視覺刺激材料也得到和聽覺刺激材料相同的結果，整個研究發現若是以調整知覺層次上類別的變異程度在兩類別變異差距較大時，人們便容易知覺類別變異差異，進而引發類別變異效果，但若類別間變異程度差異不大，即使以口語方式提供類別變異線索也無法引發類別變異效果，本研究並整理過去數個相似的研究，以展現類別變異差距的指標統整歧異的結果，發現若在變異程度差距較大時，就容易出現類別變異效果，反之則不會出現，此結果也穩定存在在不同類型刺激材料間。 There has been an important question about the effect of category variability on category learning. The similarity-based and rule-based theory predict how the critical item laid right in the middle between low-variability and high- variability category in two contrary ways. Rips(1989) used the natural category to examine the similarity judgment and classification on the same target. Result showed that people made a total contrast decision, while the target is much similar to low-variability stimulus and classified into high-variability category. The similarity judgment followed the prediction of similarity-based theory, but the classification followed the rule-based theory. Past studies on category-variability effect hasn’t generated consistent result. This study examine how category effect is caused whether the variance difference between categories could be aware. Result show both the cue of category variance is told or not didn’t made people prefer the high-variability category, while the variance difference is increased can caused the category-variability effect, especially when the low-variability category is limited on a smaller variance. It show that whether people are aware of variance difference is an important factor can cause category-variability effect. In addition, it can explain the inconsistent result from past studies with different variability setting in each studies.
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Description:	碩士國立政治大學心理學研究所 99752003 101
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099752003
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[心理學系] 學位論文

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