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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/58860


    Title: 新闻与部落格：相性相吸？
    Marriage of blogs and news: Opposites attract?
    Authors: 詹宁思
    Jennings, Ralph
    Contributors: 孙式文
    Sun, Se wen
    詹宁思
    Jennings, Ralph
    Keywords: 传媒
    部落格
    新闻媒体
    新媒体
    新闻
    mass media
    blogs
    news media
    news
    new media
    Date: 2012
    Issue Date: 2013-07-11 17:58:52 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: International news media have gradually added blogs to their primary content over the past five years. The Wall Street Journal, the Christian Science Monitor, Reuters and the Voice of America, for example, use blogs as vehicles to report news. The same media organizations put additional news on paper, on air or on official websites. But blogs are traditionally for personal journals and private opinions. This study analyzes how the mass media are using blogs to convey news and why, as well as the differences between blog posts and traditional news content. A grounded approach to the content of blog posts and traditional content on the South China Sea dispute, an ongoing 2012 news story in Asia from six major international media shows similarities in writing styles, point of view and types of information presented. Comments solicited from journalists give insight into reasons that the mass media run their own blogs and how content is chosen for them. The study suggests that going forward news stories will be written more like traditional non-media blogs and that blogs may be influenced by the disciplined writing of journalists.
    Reference: Ahlers, D. (2006). News Consumption and the New Electronic Media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(1), 29-52. doi:10.1177/1081180X05284317

    Althaus, L. & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and Traditional News Media Use in a Networked Community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. doi:10.1080/105846000198495

    Baird, F.R. (2012, April 17). More to the Point: Scarborough Shoal. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFBPnews/message/5023?var=1

    Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.uq.edu.au/emsah/mia/index.html

    Bruns, A. (2008). The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. In C. Patterson & D. Domingo (Eds.) Making Online News : The Ethnography of New Media Production (pp. 171-184). New York: Peter Lang.

    Busselle, R. & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321-347. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259

    Campbell, V., Gibson R., Gunter, B. & Touri, M. (2009). News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas. S. Tunney, & G. Monaghan (Eds.). Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship? Great Britain: Sussex Academic Press

    Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority: The role of blogs in US election day 2004 coverage. Journalism Studies, 8(2), 264-279.
    doi:10.1080/14616700601148861

    Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils Online News Producers’ Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13(1), 43-61. doi: 10.1177/1354856507072856

    Crowley, C. & Potter, D. (2005). An Experiment Changed: TV coverage of the 2004 campaign. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 233-236. doi:10.1080/14616700500057411

    Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943

    Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (Vol. 3). Sage Publications, Incorporated.

    Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203-230. doi:10.1177/1461444803005002004

    Dutta-Bergman, M. (2004). Complementarity in Consumption of News Types Across Traditional and New Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3

    Essay. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/essay

    Eveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00318

    Feature writing. (n.d.) In Media-Studies.ca. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/feature.htm

    Gallo, J. (2004). Weblog journalism: Between infiltration and integration. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Available at blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/weblog_journalism.html

    Glaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter

    Goode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287-1305. doi:10.1177/1461444809341393

    Herman, S. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon Books. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.html

    Hermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343-356.

    Hitge, L. M. (2007). The dog sat on the blog: an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Retrieved on April 18, 2013, from https://ir1.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20880

    Ho, P. (2012, October 16). Margaret Ren Rejoins Bank of America Merrill Lynch as China Chairman. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on October 31, 2012, from http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/10/16/margaret-ren-rejoins-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch-as-china-chairman/

    Ho, S. (2007). Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study. Public History Review, 14(2007), 64-79. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from epress.lib.uts.edu.au

    Johnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2004). Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 622-642. doi:10.1177/107769900408100310

    Jones, Y.T. (2013, April 24). China “working on” persuading North Korea: U.S. officer. Reuters News. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://news.yahoo.com/china-working-persuading-north-korea-u-officer-115718921.html

    Lasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. Nieman Reports, 57(3), 70-74. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from ufrgs.br.

    Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2010). Thinking about citizen journalism: The philosophical and practical challenges of user-generated content for community newspapers. Journalism Practice, 4(2), 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14616700903156919

    Maier, S. R. (2005). Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 533-551. doi:10.1177/107769900508200304

    Meraz, S. (2009). Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458

    Miller, C. R., & Shepherd, D. (2004). Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs.

    Mindich, D. T. (2000). Just the facts: How" objectivity" came to define American journalism. NYU Press.

    Mings, S. M., & White, P. B. (2000). Profiting from online news: The search for viable business models. Internet publishing and beyond: The economics of digital information and intellectual property, 62-96.

    Moynihan, B. & Bero, L. (2000). Coverage by the News Media of the Benefits and Risks of Medications. New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1645-1650. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006013422206

    Oxfeld, J. (2005). Blogs Rolling in 2005. Editor & Publisher, 131(1), 36-40. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-126763067/blogs-rolling-in-2005

    Pauwels, K., & Dans, E. (2001). Internet marketing the news: leveraging brand equity from marketplace to marketspace. The Journal of Brand Management, 8(4-5), 4-5. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/bm/2001/00000008/F0020004/art00005

    Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224

    Quirk eMarketing. (2007). Social Bookmarking and Aggregating – Avoiding overload. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.quirk.biz/cms/1111.howto-partthree.pdf

    Reese, S. D., Rutigliano, L., Hyun, K., & Jeong, J. (2007). Mapping the blogosphere Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism, 8(3), 235-261.doi:10.1177/1464884907076459

    Roberts, C. (2005). Gatekeeping theory: An evolution (Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Available from http://41.89.160.5/chisimba/usrfiles/context/ins218/canvases/gatekeeping.pdf.

    Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340. doi: 10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G

    Schmitz, R. (2012, April 4). Reporter`s Notebook: From both sides of the gates of Foxconn. Article posted to http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/apple-economy/reporters-notebook-both-sides-gates-foxconn)

    Schaffer, J. (2007). Citizen Media: Fad or the Future of News? The rise and prospects of hyperlocal journalism. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of Journalism

    Semetko, H. & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication 50(2): 93-109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x

    Shoemaker, J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E. & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. doi:10.1177/107769900107800202

    Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020

    Sylvia’s Writing to Freedom. (2010, November 11). I Had a Cup of Coffee Today. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://sylviafreedom.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/i-had-a-cup-of-coffee-today/

    Teffer, P. (2012, October 15). EU celebrates ‘Single Market Week’. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/1015/Amid-ongoing-economic-crisis-EU-celebrates-Single-Market-Week

    The Dawning. (n.d.). In The Brief History of Social Media. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/SocialMedia/SocialMediaHistory.html

    The positivist and phenomenological worldviews. (n.d.). In Research Observatory. Retrieved from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7&Area=1&Room=1&Constellation=2&LearningObject=41

    Timothy, C. (2011, December 16). Geraldo: Back In Iraq With U.S. Soldiers On The Journey Home. Article posted to http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/geraldo/blog/2011/12/16/geraldo-back-iraq-us-soldiers-journey-home#ixzz29SGb2FKy

    Van Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 60. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.x

    Vaughn, L. & Hesse, S. (2009) “This story is right on”: The impact of regulatory fit on narrative engagement and persuasion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 447–456. doi:10.1002/ejsp.570

    Wall, M. (2004). Blogs as black market journalism: A new paradigm for news. The Journal of Education, Community and Values, 4(2). Retrieved from http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/article.php?id=369

    Wolfe, T. (1975). The New Journalism. Great Britain: Picador

    Young, J. (2000). The Journalist in the Chat Room: An Analysis of Washingtonpost.com’s Live Online/ The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 5(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0005.402

    Zhang, Y. (2013, March 28). Claim against Chinese navy a “fabrication.” China Daily. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-03/28/content_16351519.htm

    References

    Ahlers, D. (2006). News Consumption and the New Electronic Media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(1), 29-52. doi:10.1177/1081180X05284317

    Althaus, L. & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and Traditional News Media Use in a Networked Community. Political Communication, 17(1), 21-45. doi:10.1080/105846000198495

    Baird, F.R. (2012, April 17). More to the Point: Scarborough Shoal. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFBPnews/message/5023?var=1

    Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.uq.edu.au/emsah/mia/index.html

    Bruns, A. (2008). The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. In C. Patterson & D. Domingo (Eds.) Making Online News : The Ethnography of New Media Production (pp. 171-184). New York: Peter Lang.

    Busselle, R. & Bilandzic, H. (2009). Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychology, 12(4), 321-347. Retrieved October 15, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260903287259

    Campbell, V., Gibson R., Gunter, B. & Touri, M. (2009). News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas. S. Tunney, & G. Monaghan (Eds.). Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship? Great Britain: Sussex Academic Press

    Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority: The role of blogs in US election day 2004 coverage. Journalism Studies, 8(2), 264-279.
    doi:10.1080/14616700601148861

    Chung, D. S. (2007). Profits and Perils Online News Producers’ Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 13(1), 43-61. doi: 10.1177/1354856507072856

    Crowley, C. & Potter, D. (2005). An Experiment Changed: TV coverage of the 2004 campaign. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 233-236. doi:10.1080/14616700500057411

    Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy A Comparative Study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943

    Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials (Vol. 3). Sage Publications, Incorporated.

    Deuze, M. (2003). The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online. New Media & Society, 5(2), 203-230. doi:10.1177/1461444803005002004

    Dutta-Bergman, M. (2004). Complementarity in Consumption of News Types Across Traditional and New Media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48(1), 41-60. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4801_3

    Essay. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/essay

    Eveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on perceived news media bias. Political Psychology, 24(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1111/0162-895X.00318

    Feature writing. (n.d.) In Media-Studies.ca. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/feature.htm

    Gallo, J. (2004). Weblog journalism: Between infiltration and integration. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs. Available at blog.lib.umn.edu/blogosphere/weblog_journalism.html

    Glaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter

    Goode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287-1305. doi:10.1177/1461444809341393

    Herman, S. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon Books. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.html

    Hermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343-356.

    Hitge, L. M. (2007). The dog sat on the blog: an overview of how the weblog medium can be used in education (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Retrieved on April 18, 2013, from https://ir1.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20880

    Ho, P. (2012, October 16). Margaret Ren Rejoins Bank of America Merrill Lynch as China Chairman. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on October 31, 2012, from http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/10/16/margaret-ren-rejoins-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch-as-china-chairman/

    Ho, S. (2007). Blogging as Popular History Making, Blogs as Public History: The Singapore Case Study. Public History Review, 14(2007), 64-79. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from epress.lib.uts.edu.au

    Johnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2004). Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(3), 622-642. doi:10.1177/107769900408100310

    Jones, Y.T. (2013, April 24). China “working on” persuading North Korea: U.S. officer. Reuters News. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://news.yahoo.com/china-working-persuading-north-korea-u-officer-115718921.html

    Lasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. Nieman Reports, 57(3), 70-74. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from ufrgs.br.

    Lewis, S. C., Kaufhold, K., & Lasorsa, D. L. (2010). Thinking about citizen journalism: The philosophical and practical challenges of user-generated content for community newspapers. Journalism Practice, 4(2), 163-179. doi: 10.1080/14616700903156919

    Maier, S. R. (2005). Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(3), 533-551. doi:10.1177/107769900508200304

    Meraz, S. (2009). Is There an Elite Hold? Traditional Media to Social Media Agenda Setting Influence in Blog Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01458

    Miller, C. R., & Shepherd, D. (2004). Blogging as social action: A genre analysis of the weblog. Into the blogosphere: Rhetoric, community, and culture of weblogs.

    Mindich, D. T. (2000). Just the facts: How&quot; objectivity&quot; came to define American journalism. NYU Press.

    Mings, S. M., & White, P. B. (2000). Profiting from online news: The search for viable business models. Internet publishing and beyond: The economics of digital information and intellectual property, 62-96.

    Moynihan, B. & Bero, L. (2000). Coverage by the News Media of the Benefits and Risks of Medications. New England Journal of Medicine 342: 1645-1650. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006013422206

    Oxfeld, J. (2005). Blogs Rolling in 2005. Editor & Publisher, 131(1), 36-40. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-126763067/blogs-rolling-in-2005

    Pauwels, K., & Dans, E. (2001). Internet marketing the news: leveraging brand equity from marketplace to marketspace. The Journal of Brand Management, 8(4-5), 4-5. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/pal/bm/2001/00000008/F0020004/art00005

    Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224

    Quirk eMarketing. (2007). Social Bookmarking and Aggregating – Avoiding overload. Retrieved February 12, 2013, from http://www.quirk.biz/cms/1111.howto-partthree.pdf

    Reese, S. D., Rutigliano, L., Hyun, K., & Jeong, J. (2007). Mapping the blogosphere Professional and citizen-based media in the global news arena. Journalism, 8(3), 235-261.doi:10.1177/1464884907076459

    Roberts, C. (2005). Gatekeeping theory: An evolution (Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication). Available from http://41.89.160.5/chisimba/usrfiles/context/ins218/canvases/gatekeeping.pdf.

    Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334-340. doi: 10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G

    Schmitz, R. (2012, April 4). Reporter`s Notebook: From both sides of the gates of Foxconn. Article posted to http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/apple-economy/reporters-notebook-both-sides-gates-foxconn)

    Schaffer, J. (2007). Citizen Media: Fad or the Future of News? The rise and prospects of hyperlocal journalism. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of Journalism

    Semetko, H. & Valkenburg, P. (2000). Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication 50(2): 93-109. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x

    Shoemaker, J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E. & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246. doi:10.1177/107769900107800202

    Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 633-642. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2006.22083020

    Sylvia’s Writing to Freedom. (2010, November 11). I Had a Cup of Coffee Today. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from http://sylviafreedom.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/i-had-a-cup-of-coffee-today/

    Teffer, P. (2012, October 15). EU celebrates ‘Single Market Week’. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/1015/Amid-ongoing-economic-crisis-EU-celebrates-Single-Market-Week

    The Dawning. (n.d.). In The Brief History of Social Media. Retrieved April 16, 2013, from http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/NewMedia/SocialMedia/SocialMediaHistory.html

    The positivist and phenomenological worldviews. (n.d.). In Research Observatory. Retrieved from http://ro.uwe.ac.uk/RenderPages/RenderLearningObject.aspx?Context=7&Area=1&Room=1&Constellation=2&LearningObject=41

    Timothy, C. (2011, December 16). Geraldo: Back In Iraq With U.S. Soldiers On The Journey Home. Article posted to http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/geraldo/blog/2011/12/16/geraldo-back-iraq-us-soldiers-journey-home#ixzz29SGb2FKy

    Van Gorp, B. (2007). The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 60. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.x

    Vaughn, L. & Hesse, S. (2009) “This story is right on”: The impact of regulatory fit on narrative engagement and persuasion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 447–456. doi:10.1002/ejsp.570

    Wall, M. (2004). Blogs as black market journalism: A new paradigm for news. The Journal of Education, Community and Values, 4(2). Retrieved from http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/article.php?id=369

    Wolfe, T. (1975). The New Journalism. Great Britain: Picador

    Young, J. (2000). The Journalist in the Chat Room: An Analysis of Washingtonpost.com’s Live Online/ The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 5(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0005.402

    Zhang, Y. (2013, March 28). Claim against Chinese navy a “fabrication.” China Daily. Retrieved on April 25, 2013, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-03/28/content_16351519.htm
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
    100461016
    101
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100461016
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[國際傳播英語碩士學程] 學位論文

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