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| Title: | 總統黨的形成與裂解：韓國民主化後進步政黨的分合
The Rise and Fall of Presidentialized Parties: Why Progressive Parties Split and Merged in South Korea after Democratization? |
| Authors: | 曲元寧
Chu, Yuan Ning |
| Contributors: | 黃長玲
楊婉瑩
Huang, Chang Ling
Yang, Wan Ying
曲元寧
Chu, Yuan Ning |
| Keywords: | 韓國
政黨
選舉
總統黨
政黨重組
South Korea
Political Parties
Elections
Presidentialized Parties
Splits and Mergers of Parties |
| Date: | 2013 |
| Issue Date: | 2014-04-01 11:22:38 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 韓國政黨自1980年代末期民主化以來，歷經了多次的政黨變動，包括更換黨名、合併他黨，甚至是甘願被他黨合併而解散，且就連執政黨也不斷發生類似的情形。在既有的各種解釋之中，部分學者認為，韓國執政黨的變動，與「總統黨」的現象相關。韓國政黨主要為總統個人服務，「總統黨」通常是在總統的主導之下而建立，總統建立總統黨的過程，導致執政黨不斷變動。
與既有研究不同，本研究具體化「總統黨」的概念。在韓國的政治制度之下，總統無法掌握民意、無法掌握國會時，在總統權力受限的情況下，執政黨較可能會發生組織上的變動；反之，若總統民調滿意度高、掌握國會程度高時，總統權力較大，執政黨因而較為穩定。依此，可以解釋為什麼韓國進步政黨與保守政黨執政期間，政黨變動的情形有所差異。透過大量的實證研究，本論文發現，進步政黨執政時，即金大中、盧武鉉任內，總統民調滿意度持續低迷，且同黨議員的國會席次，比保守政黨執政時來得更少，可能因而發生較劇烈的政黨變動。最後，本研究亦從保守政黨的情形，推估該理論的適用範圍，並採用李明博任內的政黨變動情形，作為比較。在李明博民調滿意度高、同黨國會席次過半時，執政黨維持穩定，但在民調滑落時，執政黨便發生變動，符合本研究的論證，推測韓國執政黨的變動，確實與總統個人的權力大小相關。
Ever since the country’s democratization in the late 1980s, political parties in South Korea have been repeatedly splitting and merging with one another. While ruling parties in general tend to be more stable under the presidential system, in South Korea, they are prone to dramatic organizational changes. Existing literature argues that regional cleavages, presidential leadership and electoral institutions have contributed to these party reorganizations. However, it fails to explain why progressive parties have been less stable than conservative parties when in government.
This study argues that the rise and fall of presidential power can lead to splits and mergers in the ruling parties in South Korea. Specifically, when a president is facing a divided government and suffering from low public support, the ruling party is likely to be unstable. To support my claim, I begin with two case studies of the ruling party’s splitting and merging under Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun’s progressive governments from 1998-2008. I also compare the situations of Kim and Roh’s parties with those of the conservative ruling party led by Lee Myung-bak from 2008-2012. I conclude that progressive parties have been less stable because their presidents have faced divided government more frequently and have gained less presidential approval. The organizational stability of a ruling party in South Korea is highly relevant with the president’s power in terms of popularity and legislative seats. |
| Reference: | 一、中文文獻
專書
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專書篇章
石忠山，「當代韓國政黨政治之發展與挑戰」，載於施正鋒編，瞭解當代韓國民主政治（台北市：台灣國際研究學會，2011），頁117-160
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期刊論文
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二、英文文獻
專書
Campbell, James E., The Presidential Pulse of Congressional Elections (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1997).
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Oh, J. K., Korean Politics: the Quest for Democratization and Economic Development (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999)
Samuels, D. J. & Shugart, M. S., Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers: How the Separation of Powers Affects Party Organization and Behavior (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010)
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期刊論文
Binder, Sarah A., “The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock”, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 93, No. 3 (Sep., 1999), pp. 519-533
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三、韓文文獻
專書
김태랑, 대한민국국회 60년사 (서울특별시：국회사무처, 2008)
손호철, 현대 한국 정치: 이론, 역사, 현실, 1945-2011 (이매진, 2011)
期刊論文
강원택, “3당 합당과 한국 정당 정치”, 한국정당학회보, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2012), pp. 171-193.
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정진민, “생산적 국회운영을 위한 대통령-국회 관계와 정당”, 한국정당학회보, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2008), pp. 77-102.
官方資料
중앙선거관리위원회a, 大韓民國政黨史 第四輯 (서울: 中央選擧管理委員會, 2009)
중앙선거관리위원회b, 大韓民國政黨史 第五輯 (서울: 中央選擧管理委員會, 2009)
중앙선거관리위원회c, 大韓民國選舉史 第四輯 (서울: 中央選擧管理委員會, 2009)
중앙선거관리위원회d, 大韓民國選舉史 第五輯 (서울: 中央選擧管理委員會, 2009)
중앙선거관리위원회e, 大韓民國選舉史 第六輯 (서울: 中央選擧管理委員會, 2009)
중앙선거관리위원회, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2004년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2005)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2005년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2006)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2006년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2007)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2007년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2008)
중앙선거관리위원회f, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2008년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2009)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2009년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2010)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 2010년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2011)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고. 2011년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2012)
, 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고. 2012년도 (서울: 중앙선거관리위원회, 2013)
網路資料與新聞報導
大韓民國國會六十年史 대한민국국회60년사(김태랑)，http://www.assembly.go.kr/renew10/asm/ifn/file_down.jsp?M_idx=1_02&SAVEFILENAME=assembly60.pdf&FILENAME=%B4%EB%C7%D1%B9%CE%B1%B9%B1%B9%C8%B8%2060%B3%E2%BB%E7.pdf
朝鮮日報檔案庫 조선일보 아카이브，http://srchdb1.chosun.com/pdf/i_archive/
韓國中央選舉委員會 選舉統計系統 중앙선거관리위원회 선거통계시스템， http://info.nec.go.kr/
韓國法律知識資訊系統 법률지식정보시스템，http://likms.assembly.go.kr/law/jsp/law/Main.jsp
韓國國會法 국회법，http://likms.assembly.go.kr/law/jsp/law/Law.jsp?WORK_TYPE=LAW_BON&SRCH_IN_RESULT=false&LAW_SRCH_TYPE=LAW_NM&SUB_NM=%B1%B9%C8%B8%B9%FD&BEF_SUB_NM=%B1%B9%C8%B8%B9%FD&LAW_CHECK=true&ORD_CHECK=true®L_CHECK=true&srchinresult=false&lawsrchtype=LAW_NM&subnm=%B1%B9%C8%B8%B9%FD&befsubnm=%B1%B9%C8%B8%B9%FD&lawchk=true&ordchk=true®lchk=true&LAW_ID=A1276&PROM_NO=12108&PROM_DT=20130813&
韓國國會資訊系統 국회정보시스템， http://www.assembly.go.kr/renew10/info/inf/infosystem_list.jsp
韓國國會議案資訊系統 국회의안정보시스템，http://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/jsp/main.jsp
韓國輿論振興基金會（新聞資料庫） 한국언론진흥재단，http://www.kinds.or.kr/ |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
100253006
102 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100253006 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
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