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    政大機構典藏 > 商學院 > 統計學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/65749
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/65749


    Title: 探討調查代替普的可行性
    To probe into the possibility on survey instead of census
    Authors: 楊宗龍
    Contributors: 余清祥
    楊宗龍
    Keywords: 普查
    登記式普查結合抽樣調查
    卡方檢定
    電腦模擬
    Census
    Registered-Based Census with Sampling Survey
    Chi-square test
    Computer Simulation
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-05-01 15:17:44 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 普查旨在蒐集一個國家或地區的人民總數、結構及其相關資訊。普查資料的用途非常廣泛,包括政府機關的施政規劃、商業組織的策略佈局,或是民眾對自己居住地區的認識,都可參考這些資料。為了因應社會變遷及需求,節省人力、物力等資源,近年有些國家發展新的普查方式,例如:登記式普查、登記式普查結合抽樣調查以及滾動式普查,以提升普查效率,其中臺灣在2010年時的普查即是首次使用登記式普查結合抽樣調查,大致為抽出全臺灣16%的民眾,有別於以往的全人口普查。然而,為何抽出16%、這些樣本可否準確推估出全臺灣母體等問題,政府相關單位並未提出說明。
    有鑑於此,本文探討調查代替普查所需搭配條件為研究目標。其中,以人口的年齡及性別結構為主要驗證對象,提出兩種衡量標準,且在簡單隨機抽樣的假設之下,透過電腦模擬及卡方檢定,探討抽出放回與否、母體結構、分組數與抽出率等各因素中,何者對抽樣調查的設計影響較大。
    本研究的實驗中,兩種衡量標準所造成的結果有所差異,其中相對標準為滿足抽出率的要求,以確保母體與樣本的一致性;而絕對標準則是對樣本數的要求,以確保母體估計的容許誤差不大於主觀研究者的要求。因此,若結合兩種衡量標準則可因地制宜,選擇以相對標準或絕對標準為主導並同時保有兩者的優點,為分組數與樣本數之間訂立準則。
    Census aims to collect the information of the population, including its size, structure, and other related information, in a country or region. Census data are used widely, including policy planning for the government, business strategies for private sectors, or individuals who are interested in their living environment. In order to reduce the rising non-response rate and survey cost, some countries are looking for the possibility of introducing new census methods, such as registered-based census and rolling census. Taiwan also conducted the first registered-base census in 2010 and about 16% of people were asked to fill in the census form. This is very different from the previous full population census and we are interested in knowing if 16% of population is sufficient to provide accurate estimate of the whole Taiwan population.
    The objective of this study is thus to explore how many people shall we survey (in percentage of population) to acquire reliable estimate of the total population. In particular, we are interested in the sex and age structures of population, in addition to the population size. To simplify the discussion, we shall only consider the simple random sampling since more complicated sampling plan (e.g., two-stage or clustered sampling). Also, we assume that the sampling is without replacement and the chi-square test is applied to check if the sample estimate of population structure is the same as the true population. There are two types of evaluation criteria: relative and absolute errors. We found that 16% of sample can only provide reliable population estimate up to age 80 (5-age group: ages 0-4, 5-9, …, 75-79, 80+).
    Reference: 一、中文部份:
    行政院主計總處(2004),"新加坡的統計制度"。
    行政院主計總處(2012),"99年人口及住宅普查"。
    李隆安(1995),"抽樣調查新方法的探討",中央研究院民族學研究所。
    桃園縣政府主計處(2011),"桃園縣99年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析"。
    洪永泰(1995),"抽樣調查中戶籍資料適用性之探討",選舉研究,2(2),83-97。
    洪永泰(1996),"抽樣調查中樣本代表性的問題",調查研究,1,7-37。
    洪永泰(2003),"原始樣本、替代樣本、與追蹤樣本的比較:「2001年臺灣選舉與民主化調查研究」訪問失敗問題的探討",選舉研究,10(2),37-58。
    洪永泰(2005),"台灣地區抽樣調查各種母體定義、抽樣底冊和涵蓋率的比較",調查研究,18,9-44。
    洪永泰(2006),"民意調查的挑戰:瞎子摸的是什麼象?",研考雙月刊,30(4),39-48。
    侯佩君(2011),"複雜抽樣調查的資料分析及實務應用─以SAS、STATA為例",調查研究,25,91-140。
    顏貝珊、余清祥(2010),"2010 世界各國人口普查制度之研究",人口學刊,40,203-229。
    陳肇男、劉克智(2002),"台灣2000年戶口普查結果的評價:常住人口與戶籍登記人口的比較分析",人口學刊,25,1-56。
    陳信木、林佳瑩、邱泯科(2006),"臺灣家戶結構現況下的戶中抽樣課題",調查研究,20,45-91。
    陳寬政(2009),"人口老化的原因與結果",人文與社會科學簡訊,10,28-39。
    歐陽致平(2007),"相似性指數與卡方檢定之探討",國立政治大學統計學系碩士論文。
    龍文彬(1998),"公元兩千年世界人口普查之趨勢及發展",調查研究,5,37-74。
    龍文彬(1998),"以戶口及住宅普查資料檔為抽樣母體之實務應用與探討",調查研究,6,87-109。

    二、英文部分:
    Adcock, C. J. (1995). "Sample Size Determination: A Review",The Statistician, 46(2), 261-283.
    Angers, C. (1974). "A Graphical Method to Evaluate Sample Sizes for the Multi-nomial Distribution", Technometrics, 16, 469-471.
    Angers, C. (1979). "Sample Size Estimation for Multinomial Populations (letter to the editor)", The American Statistician, 33, 163-164.
    Angers, C. (1984). "Large Sample Sizes for the Estimation of Multinomial Frequencies From Simulation Studies", Simulation, 10, 175-178.
    Dunn, O. J. (1961). "Multiple Comparisons Among Means", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56(293), 52–64.
    Eaton, P. W. (1978). "Yarnold`s Criterion and Minimum Sample Size", The American Statistician, 32(3), 102-103.
    Goodman, Leo A. (1965). "On Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Populations", Technometrics, 7, 247-254.
    Gillett, R. (1996). "Sample Size Determination in a Chi-Squared Test Given Informa-tion from an Earlier Study", Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 21(3), 230-246.
    Pearson, K. (1922), "On the χ2 Test of Goodness of fit", Biometrica, 14, 186-191.
    Queensbury, C. P., and Hurst, D. C. (1964). "Large Sample Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Proportions", Technometrics, 6, 191-195.
    Tortora, R. D. (1978). "A Note on Sample Size Estimation for Multinomial Populations", The American Statistician, 32(3), 100-102.
    Thompson, S. K. (1987). "Sample Size for Estimating Multinomial Proportions", The American Statistician, 41(1), 42-46.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    統計研究所
    100354023
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100354023
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[統計學系] 學位論文

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