摘要: | 過去10年,各國政府無不積極推動文化創意產業之發展,包含已開發的先進文化大國,都已紛紛將文化創意產業視為國家發展重點,並意識到文化創意產業可帶動之經濟成長,以及所能創造的高附加價值(high value added)。在全球化風潮下,我國政府為發掘並培育具潛力的新興產業,作為未來經濟成長之新動力,於2009年10月23日由行政院核定「創意台灣—文化創意產業發展方案行動計畫」(the Creative Taiwan – Cultural and Creative Industry Development Projec)規劃於2009年至2013年以五年執行期程,編列總經費262.25億元投入電視、電視、流行音樂、數位內容(digital content)、工藝、設計等六大旗艦產業,予以重點推動。 國家為了促進特定產業的發展,除了在行政上進行管制鬆綁,讓產業有更多之自由空間外,亦常以提供經濟補助方式,協助私人事業發展,達成產業轉型目標。惟大量資金挹注涉及國家藉由課稅向人民收取財源之重新分配,在公共監督上,除了補助對象之擇定等涉及利益分配議題外,對於經濟補助影響產業內及產業間競爭者權利,應如何監督及控管其運作,以統制行政主體之恣意裁量,確立受補助者之法律地位,隨著行政任務的重點,已由消極之秩序維持轉而強調積極之給付提供,成為現今行政法學所面臨之重要課題。 針對文化創意產業,政府積極運用經濟補助等財政工具,達成產業促進目的,然在執行過程,屢屢引起補助資源分配不公、補助手段未能達成產業目標等爭議,是以本文將藉由行政法學界對經濟補助之看法,分析經濟補助措施的憲法、法律原則界限,以及行政行為形式(forms of administratatvie acts)的選擇,暨權利救濟(right relief)管道的選擇問題。提供我國文創產業未來發展的決策分析。 In past 10 years, every country’s government has been positively pushing the developments of the Cultural and Creative Industries, including the developed and and advanced great cultural countries, they all regard the cultural and creative industries as the main developments of the country. They are also conscious that the Cultural and Creative Industries can bring the growths to economy and create high value added. In the fad of globalization, our government would like to explore and boost the potential new-developing industries for being the new driving force. On Oct, 23, 2009, “the Creative Taiwan—Cultural and Creative Industries Development Project” by the Administrative Yuan plans a 5-year performing process and list the budget of 26.225 billion NTD from 2009 to 2013 to put into TV, Pop Music, Films, Digital content, Art, Designs, etc, six main industries and emphasize pushing them. In the hope of improving the developments of particular industries, the government of our country often supplies economic subsidies to help the development of private industries to let them get more free space to achieve the goal of transformation. However, offering big amount of capital concerns the re-distributions of finance that is from the taxation of the people. On the monitoring, besides choosing the subsidized party, which is concerning the distributions of advantages and the influence among the interests of industries, the government should know how to scrutinize and control the operations to limit the unrestrained rights of administrative in order to establish the forensic position of subsidized party. The key points of administrative mission have already shifted from the negative maintenance of order to positive payment assistance and become the important administrative law issue. For Cultural and Creative Industries, the government is positively utilizing the economic subsidies as the financial tools to achieve the aims. But in the process of performing these tools, many disputes are arising in the unfair distributions of resources and also in the failure in achieving the industrial aims. So this text will analyze the methods of industrial subsidies in constitutional and lawful limitations and the choices of rights relief channels to supply our country Cultural and Creative Industries the resolutions for future developments. |