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    Title: 論醫療責任保險之未來-建立相互保險組織之芻議
    A Study on the future of medical liability insurance- A Proposal for Establishing Mutual Insurance Institute
    Authors: 陳俊瑋
    Contributors: 張冠群
    陳俊瑋
    Keywords: 美國醫療責任保險危機
    相互保險
    醫療責任保險
    醫療責任相互保險公司
    Date: 2014
    Issue Date: 2015-03-02 10:09:22 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文希望藉由醫療責任相互保險公司在美國醫療責任保險危機的成功經驗,喚起讀者對相互保險組織的注意,使相互保險組織能在我國落地深根,讓醫療人員就獲得醫療責任保險的管道有不同的選擇,改善我國目前醫療責任保險投保比率偏低之現況,進而減少醫生使用防衛性醫療措施或不願從事高風險科別的情形,使病患能受到更好的醫療服務。並期許醫療責任相互保險公司能成為我國發展相互保險的試金石,促進各種專業責任保險以相互保險模式經營,以健全我國之保險市場。

    從而本文將先就催生醫療責任相互保險公司的美國醫療責任保險危機作介紹,讓讀者對醫療責任相互保險公司發展的背景有更清楚的認識。再者,介紹何謂相互保險組織,其與股份制保險公司或保險合作社之間有何異同及優勢,為讀者建構相互保險組織的基本概念。最後,參考各國相互保險監理法規及各國醫生主導之醫療責任保險組織模式,探討我國未來籌組醫療責任相互保險公司的立法與政策,並根據我國之現況,提出相互保險組織設立之修法建議及設立醫療責任相互保險公司之具體建議。
    Reference: 一、 中文書籍
    1. 各國保險法規制度譯編委員譯編,各國保險法規制度譯編,2000年
    2. 江朝國譯,德國保險法,1993年
    3. 江朝國,相互保險公司之監理問題,行政院經建會經濟研究處,1995年
    4. 施文森譯,美國加州保險法,1999年
    5. 袁宗蔚,保險法,4版,1969年
    6. 袁宗蔚,保險學,15版,1972年
    7. 國泰人壽譯,Joseph B. Maclean原著,人壽保險學通論,國泰人壽發行,1972年
    8. 陳彩稚,保險學,2版,2004年
    9. 陳雲中,保險學要義:理論與實務,9版,2011年
    10. 廖淑惠譯,新日本保險業法,2003年

    二、 中文期刊
    1. 石東洋,袁冰,相互保險公司法律制度運行現狀比較研究,安徽警官職業學院學報,2014年第2期,2014年4月
    2. 李志峰,長尾責任--論美國責任保險保單形式的演變、爭議及我國責任保險保單之特色,保險專刊,25卷第1期,2009年7月
    3. 李國煒,我們需要什麼樣的行業組織-以英國醫療辯護聯盟為借鑑,醫學與哲學 ,26卷19期,2005年10月
    4. 林義城,台灣建立醫師醫療責任之檢視與趨勢,台灣牙醫界雜誌第27卷第5期,2008年5月
    5. 郭學勤,王秀芝,相互保險及其對我國發展職工互助保障的啟示,江西社會科學,2007年第4期,2007年4月
    6. 戴慶康,英國醫生互助性責任保險述評,南京醫科大學大學學報(社會科學版),3卷1期,2003年3月

    三、 中文論文
    1. 丁琨,相互保險公司立法研究,外交學院碩士論文,2004年
    2. 王云,相互保險公司及其在我國的可行性和發展策略研究,吉林大學碩士論文,2008年
    3. 王惟琪,醫師責任保險研究─ 兼論採行日本醫師會醫師賠償責任保險之可行性.國立台灣大學法律學院法律研究所碩士論文,2007年
    4. 王新,論相互保險公司法律制度的構建,中國政法大學碩士論文,2010年
    5. 吳景煥,相互保險之研究,私立逢甲工商學院保險學研究所碩士論文,1974年
    6. 高添富,醫師責任與保險法制之研究,國立政治大學法律學系碩士論文,2002年
    7. 張耘慈,台灣地方法院民事醫療糾紛之實證研究,國立陽明大學公共衛生所碩士論文,2009年
    8. 梁百霖,壽險公司組織相互化之探討,載:相互保險公司之研究,1989年
    9. 盛鈺,日本相互保險公司法述要,載:相互保險公司之研究,1989年
    10. 莫利寧,關於建立中國相互保險公司制度的研究,廣西大學碩士論文,2008年
    11. 陳在准,我國組設人壽保險合作社之研究,逢甲大學保險學研究所碩士論文,1991年
    12. 陳淑婉,美國相互保險公司簡介,載:相互保險公司之研究,1989年
    13. 劉宗榮,外科新醫療科技之發展與醫療風險之界定與分擔-外科醫療風險與責任保險,行政院國家科學委員會專題報告,2003年
    14. 嚴秋滿,相互保險公司與保險合作社之比較,逢甲大學保險學研究所碩士論文,1990年

    三、 網路資料
    1. 行政院主計總處102年底醫療機構及其他醫事機構執業醫事人員數統計,網址: http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas03/bs7/calendar/MetaQryWord.asp?QM=0&MetaId=39
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    2. 行政院主計總處102年底醫療機構家數、病床數及平均每萬人口病床數統計,網址:
    http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas03/bs7/calendar/MetaQryWord.asp?QM=0&MetaId=38
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    3. 財團法人保險事業發展中心,保險商品查詢,網址:
    http://insprod.tii.org.tw/database/insurance/index.asp
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    4. 財團法人保險事業發展中心,中華民國102年責任保險賠款率統計表,網址:
    http://www.tii.org.tw/report_test/0301/69359440186994.pdf
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    5. 富邦產險,新種保險總覽,醫師業務責任保險,網址:
    https://www.fubon.com/insurance/B2C/content/Casualty_Coverage/index.html#C05
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    6. 穆震宇,責任險,醫界仍不買帳?,現代保險健康雜誌,256期,2010年3月,網址:
    http://mag.chinatimes.com/magcnt.aspx?artid=3492&page=2
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20


    四、 外文文獻
    (一) 期刊論文
    1. Albert Yoon, Mandatory Arbitration and Civil Litigation: An Empirical Study of Medical Malpractice Litigation in the West, 6 Am. L. & Econ. Rev. 95 (2004)
    2. Amanda R. Lang, A New Approach to Tort Reform: An Argument for the Establishment of Specialized Medical Courts, 39 Ga. L. Rev.293(2004)
    3. Americans for Insurance Reforms, Medical Malpractice Insurance: Stable Losses/Unstable Rates (2002),
    available at http:// www.centerjd.org/air/StableLosses.pdf.
    4. Amitabh Chandra, Shantanu Nundy & Seth A. Seabury, The Growth of Physician Medical Malpractice Payments: Evidence from the National Practitioner Data Bank, Health Affairs, (2005) available at http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/hlthaff.w5.240v1.
    5. Andrea D. Stailey, The Health Act`s Same Old Story, Different Congress Dilemma: Overhauling the Health Act and Unifying Congress as a Remedy for Tort Reform, 40 Tulsa L. Rev. 187, (2004)
    6. Birkmaier, Ulrike, and David Laster. Are Mutual Insurers an Endangered Species?." Sigma (1999)
    7. Congressional Budget Office, Economic and Budget Issue Brief, Limiting Tort Liability for Medical Malpractice (2004) available at. http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/49xx/doc4968/01-08-MedicalMalpractice.pdf.
    8. Coyte, Peter C., Donald N. Dewees, and Michael J. Trebilcock. Medical malpractice—the Canadian experience. New England Journal of Medicine 324.2(1991)
    9. Danzon AT The frequency and severity of medical malpractice claims[J]. Journal of Law and Economics, (1984)
    10. David Mayers and Clifford.W.Smith,Jr., Ownership structre across lines of property casualty insurance, Journal of Law and Economics (1988)
    11. Devra Marcus, I`m a Doctor, Not an Adversarial Unit of the Health Care Industry, Wash. Post, Mar. 16, (2003)
    12. Donna M. Buntaine, The Price of Health Care Availability: The Economics of Medical Malpractice, 11 Sw. U. L. Rev.39(1979).
    13. Frank A. Sloan, State Responses to the Malpractice Insurance “Crisis” of the 1970s: An Empirical Assessment, 9 J. Health Pol. Pol`y & L. (1985).
    14. Geri O`Brien, Medical Malpractice - $250,000 Cap on Pain & Suffering -Cal. Civ. Code 3333.2- Does the Statute Meet Its Constitutional Burden and Legislative Goals?, 8 Whittier L. Rev. 601(1986).
    15. ICMIF, 2012 Global Mutual Market Share (2013) available at http://www.icmif.org/2012-global-mutual-market-share
    16. Jacobsen J K. Collateral Source Rule and the Role of the Jury, The[J]. Or. L. Rev.70 (1991)
    17. Jury Verdict Research, Current Award Trends In Personal Injury (2004)
    18. Kinoshita, Katsuyuki. Professional Liability Insurance Program of the Japan Medical Association. Japan Medical Association Journal (2007)
    19. Louis Arnell, California`s Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act: The Need for Legislative Reform, 23 San Diego L. Rev.171 (1986)
    20. Mark A. Finkelstein, California Civil Section 3333.2 Revisited: Has It Done Its Job?, 67 S. Cal. L. Rev 1609 (1994).
    21. Medical Malpractice Reform in California, Ohio and New York, Contingencies (Am. Acad. of Actuaries), Sept./Oct. (1995)
    22. Mello, Michelle M., David M. Studdert, and Troyen A. Brennan. The new medical malpractice crisis. New England Journal of Medicine 348 (2003)
    23. Miller, Kyle. Putting the Caps on Caps: Reconciling the Goal of Medical Malpractice Reform with the Twin Objectives of Tort Law. Vand. L. Rev. 59 (2006)
    24. Mimi Marchev, Nat`l Acad. for State Health Policy, The Medical Malpractice Insurance Crisis: Opportunity for State Action (2002) available at: http://www.nashp.org/sites/default/files/medical_malpractice_crisis.pdf
    25. Mitchell J. Nathanson, It`s the Economy (and the Combined Ratio) Stupid: Examining the Medical Malpractice Crisis Myth and the Factors Critical to Reform, 108 Penn. St. L. Rev.1077 (2004)
    26. Monica Lynch, The Constitutionality of Recent Efforts to Limit Personal Injury Damages Following the 1984-85 MICRA Decisions, 13 W. St. U. L. Rev.595 (1986)
    27. Nat`l Ass`n of Ins. Comm`rs, Profitability by Line by State, 1976-2002 (2002)
    28. Nichols, Walter S. Fraternal Insurance in the United States: Its Origin, Development, Character and Existing Status. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (1917)
    29. Nordman E, Cermak D, McDaniel K. Medical Malpractice Insurance Report: A Study of Market Conditions and Potential Solutions to the Recent Crisis[J]. Kansas City, MO: National Association of Insurance Commissioners,(2004)
    30. OECD, Medical Malpractice — prevention, insurance and coverage options(2006),
    available at: http://www.aemh.org/pdf/oecdmedicalmalpractice.pdf
    31. Patricia A. Danzon, Andrew J. Epstein & Scott Johnson, The “Crisis” in Medical Malpractice Insurance University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Working Paper, (2003) available at http://fic.wharton.upenn.edu/fic/papers/04/Danzon%20%20Paper.pdf.
    32. R. Scott Jenkins & William C. Schweinfurth, California`s Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act: An Equal Protection Challenge, 52 S. Cal. L. Rev.829 (1979).
    33. Robert A. Walker & Ellyn Marie Shaffer, The Constitutionality of California Civil Code Section 3333.2, 7 W. St. U. L. Rev. (1979)
    34. Robert P. Hartwig , Claire Wilkinson, Medical Malpractice Insurance, Insurance Information Institute(2003) available at http://www.yourhealthmattersagents.com/pdfs/resources/InsuranceInfoInsti-MalpracticeReport.pdf
    35. Todd M. Kossow, Fein v. Permanente Medical Group: Future Trends in Damage Litigation Adjudication, 80 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1643, (1986).
    36. U.S. Gen. Accounting Office (GAO), Pub. No. GAO-03-702, Medical Malpractice Insurance: Multiple Factors Have Contributed to Increased Premium Rates ( 2003) available at http://www.gao.gov.
    37. United States Dep`t of Health and Human Services, Office of Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Confronting the New Health Care Crisis: Improving Health Care Quality and Lowering Costs by Fixing Our Medical Liability System (2002)
    available at http:// aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/litrefm.pdf.
    38. W. Kip Viscusi, Richard J. Zeckhauser, Patricia H. Born & Glenn Blackmon, The Effect of 1980s Tort Reform Legislation on General Liability and Medical Malpractice Insurance, 6 J. of Risk and Uncertainty (1993)
    39. Zanjani, George H. The Rise and Fall of the Fraternal Life Insurer: Law and Finance in US Life Insurance, 1870-1920 (2003) available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=438740


    (二) 判決及法規資料
    1. American Bank and Trust Co., 36 Cal. 3d at 380 (Mosk, J., dissenting).
    2. Arambula v. Wells, 72 Cal. Apat 4th 1006, (1999)
    3. H.R. Subcomm. on Health of the Comm. on Energy and Com., Assessing the Need to Enact Medical Liability Reform, Hearing on H.R. 5, 108th Cong. 120 (2003)
    4. HEALTH Act of 2004, H.R. 4280, 108th Cong. (2004)
    5. Healthy Mothers and Healthy Babies Access to Care Act of 2003, S.2061, 108th Cong. (2003)
    6. Helfend v. Southern Cal. Rapid Transit Dist., 2 Cal. 3d 1, 465 AT2d 61 (1970)
    7. Help Efficient, Accessible, Low-cost, Timely Healthcare (HEALTH) Act of 2003, H.R. 5, 108th Cong. (2003)
    8. Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act, ch. 1 & 2, 1975 Cal. Stat. 3949-4007
    9. Morris v. Savoy, 576 N.E.2d 765 (Ohio 1991).
    10. Pacific Gas and Elec. Co. v. Superior Court, 28 Cal. Apat 4th 174 (1994).
    11. Patients First Act of 2003, S. 11, 108th Cong. (2003).
    12. Pregnancy and Trauma Care Access Protection Act of 2004, S. 2207, 108th Cong. (2004)

    五、 外文網站
    1. Bafin ( Geman Federal Financial Supervisory Authority)
    官方網站,Act on the Supervision of Insurance Undertakings,網址:http://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Aufsichtsrecht/EN/Gesetz/vag_010512_va_en.html?nn=2692248
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    2. Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA)官方網站,網址: https://www.cmpa-acpm.ca/home
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    3. California Legislative Information,Insurance Code,網址:http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes.xhtml;jsessionid=614077d64de8c08c05b340164513
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    4. International Co-operative Alliance官方網站,Co-operative identity, values & principles,網址:http://ica.coop/en/whats-co-op/co-operative-identity-values-principles
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    5. Japan Medical Association(JMA)官方網站,網址:
    http://www.med.or.jp/english/about_JMA/index.html
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    6. Japanese Law Translation,Insurance Business Act,網址:
    http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?ft=2&re=02&dn=1&yo=insurance&x=29&y=8&ia=03&ky=&page=6
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    7. The Doctors Company (TDC) 官方網站,網址:http://www.thedoctors.com/
    最後查詢瀏覽日:2014/12/20
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    風險管理與保險研究所
    101358018
    103
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101358018
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[風險管理與保險學系] 學位論文

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