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| Title: | 亞太經濟合作(APEC)架構下推動區域經濟整合途徑之研究
A Study of the Ways Toward Regional Economic Integration in APEC Architecture |
| Authors: | 陳郁淇
CHEN, Yu Chi |
| Contributors: | 魏艾
陳郁淇
CHEN, Yu Chi |
| Keywords: | 亞太經濟合作
亞太自由貿易區
區域經濟整合
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific
Regional Economic Integration
APEC
FTAAP
REI |
| Date: | 2015 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-08-03 13:42:16 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 素有經貿聯合國之稱的世界貿易組織自2001年起推動的杜哈回合談判，歷經13年的談判僅於2013年12月達成小部分的早期收穫，如此緩速的進展，使得各國紛紛轉向較小規模，較快完成的區域貿易協定，亞太地區國家也積極的參與其中。亞太經濟合作（APEC）為亞太地區唯一的經貿相關跨政府論壇，亦關注到此發展趨勢。自2004年起經由企業家代表組成的企業諮詢委員會提案成立亞太自由貿易區，至2007年正式進入APEC的議程，但推動的過程並不順遂，美國遂轉向發展太平洋夥伴協定，東協國家專注於區域全面經濟夥伴協定，拉美會員體形成太平洋聯盟，APEC則發展出區域經濟整合議程並同時推動著亞太自由貿易區，後者雖然推動力道薄弱，但卻未消失在議程中。直至2010年及2014年在日本及中國大陸的主辦優勢下，將亞太自由貿易區定調為全面高品質的自由貿易協定，為APEC達成茂物目標的主要工具之一，而達成的途徑則是以現有的區域間發展的經濟整合機制為主，另外區域經濟整合議程採取部門別議題別的方式進行，也是朝著茂物目標邁進。
本研究從APEC的本質、原則及精神逐步探討至亞太自由貿易區及區域經濟整合議程兩個途徑的可能走向及發展限制等。對於採取條約式具約束性的亞太自由貿易區而言，獨自進行談判的機率極低，最可能透過太平洋夥伴協定擴大而成。而區域經濟整合議程則是便捷化的成果大於自由化，透過降低供應鏈障礙或通關經商便捷措施，亦可節省交易成本，應加以廣化及深化。我國在兩個途徑的參與上，在亞太自由貿易區的成型過程應完全參與，以避免我國被排除在外的可能性，至於區域經濟整合議程，則應加強在會務運作及貿易暨投資委員會及所屬次級論壇的力道，方能妥善運用我國少數擁有正式會籍的國際經貿組織為我國融入區域經濟創造有利的條件。
The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) gained little progress by the WTO since 2001. Many countries including those in the Asia Pacific area changed their policy and decided to join themselves in free trade agreements (agreements which were smaller scale and faster to complete) in comparison with the DDA. Upon noticing this trend by APEC, the establishment of Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) was proposed in 2004 by the APEC Business Advisory Council. It became one of the topics in the APEC agenda in 2007. However, the progress of FTAAP was not as expected, members in APEC had their own focus thereafter. The United States focused on the Tras-Pacific Partership (TPP), ASEAN members developed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and members in Latin America targeted on Pacific Alliance. Within APEC, the discussion of FTAAP till now has reached a consensus on the definition as a high quality and comprehensive trade agreement, that builds on the sub-regional trade agreement. Besides, there is another topic as regional economic integration agenda (REI agenda) which is subject oriented and non-binding to APEC members. Both FTAAP and REI agenda are ways for the realization of Bogor Goals.
This study starts from the APEC content, principles and visions to the possible directions and restrictions of the development of the FTAAP and REI agenda. With regard to FTAAP, it`s rule-based and it has little possibility to launch negotiations in a short term, and it could be accomplished by the expansion of TPP. In regard to the REI agenda, the accomplishment of facilitation is more important than liberalization. It should deepen and broaden the trade facilitation measures, such as supply-chain connectivity, customs procedures, transparency...etc.
Finally the suggestions for Taiwan`s participation in those two areas are as follows. To participate fully in the activity and the realization of FTAAP, this will avoid the possibility to be excluded from the FTAAP. Taiwan should invest a bigger effort in the Committee of Trade and Investment, its sub-flora and the meeting operation. We should make good use of APEC considering is one of the few international organizations Taiwan possesses full membership of to create a positive environment that will enable us in the economic integration. |
| Reference: | 壹、 中文資料
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三、 網路專文
「『區域全面經濟夥伴協定』(RCEP)簡介」。外交部，http://www.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=5F02B11AD7FC4A1B&sms=37D27039021F6DF7&s=E1D4B867A637D3B3。
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羅時芳，「APEC環境商品降稅之發展歷程」。中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心，http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Node.aspx?id=354。
四、 報章雜誌
「日本的東亞EPA之夢」，新華網，http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-08/11/content_4947511.htm。
「習近平在APEC會議上就促進亞太互聯互通發表談話」，中國新聞網，
「攜手推進深度合作 共同實現持續發展」，人民日報（北京），2015年5月2日03版，http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2012/0922/c1024-19078011.html。
http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2013/10-08/5351095.shtml。
五、 網站
DHL：http://www.dhl.com.tw/
人民網：http://cpc.people.com.
中國政府網：http://big5.gov.cn/
中華人民共和國外交部：http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gjhdqzz_609676/ershiguojituan_609822/
中華經濟研究院：http://www.cier.edu.tw
中華臺北APEC研究中心：http://www.ctasc.org.tw
外交部：http://www.mofa.gov.tw/
財政部關務署：http://aeo.customs.gov.tw
國際貿易局中華民國進出口統計：http://cus93.trade.gov.tw/FSCI/
經濟部國際貿易局：http://www.trade.gov.tw
經濟部智慧財產局：http://www.sdr.ebiz.tw/
經濟部經貿談判代表辦公室： http://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/otn/home/Home.aspx
貳、 英文資料
一、 書籍
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Soesastro, Hadi. "Revamping APEC`s Concerted Unilateral Liberalization," in K. Kesavapany and Hank Lim, eds., APEC at 20. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 2009.
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二、 期刊
Abraham, Filip, and Jan Van Hove. "The Rise of China: Prospects of Regional Trade Policy." Review of World Economics 141, no. 3 (October 2005 ): 486-509.
Armstrong, Shiro. "The Politics and the Economics of Integration in Asia and the Pacific." Asean Economic Bulletin 29, no. 3 (2012): 262.
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Katada, Mireya Solis and Saori N. "Introduction: Understanding East Asia Cross-Regionalism: An Analytical Framework." Pacific Affairs80, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 229-254.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael, "Proliferation of Regionalism Trade Agreements: Complementing or Supplanting Multilateralism?" Chicago Journal of International Law, Winter 2011 (November 2011): 597-629.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael. "Proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements: Complementing or Supplanting Multilateralism? " Chicago Journal of International Law11, no. 2 (Winter 2011): 597-629.
Lloyd, Peter J. and Donald Maclaren. "Gains and Losses from Regional Trading Agreements: A Survey." Economic Record80, no. 251 (December 2004): 445-467.
Zahrnt, Valentin. "How Regionalization Can Be a Pillar of a More Effective World Trade Organization." Journal of World Trade 39, no. 4 (August 2005): 671-699.
三、 網路專文
"ASEAN and 3`Ls: Leaders, Laymen and Lawyers," http://www.asean.org/resources/2012-02-10-08-47-56/speeches-statements-of-the-former-secretaries-general-of-asean/item/asean-and-the-3-l-s-leaders-laymen-and-lawyers-by-he-ong-keng-yong-secretary-general-of-asean.
Alianza del Pacifíco official website, "Países Observadores," http://alianzapacifico.net/paises/paises-observadores/.
APEC Digital Opportunity Center, "ADOC Centers," http://www.apecdoc.org/site/pmes/.
APEC Policy Support Unit, "APEC Bogor Goals Progress Report," http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1564.
--------, "APEC in Charts 2014," http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1568.
--------, "Reducing Business Travel Costs: The Success of APEC’s Business Mobility Initiatives," http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1214.
--------, "The Mutual Usefulness between APEC and TPP," http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1194.
--------, “Concepts and Trends in Global Supply, Global Value and Global Production Trains,” http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1283.
APEC, "1989 APEC Ministerial Meeting Joint Statement," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/1989/1989_amm.aspx.
--------, "1994 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/1994/1994_aelm.aspx.
--------, "1995 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/1995/1995_aelm.aspx.
--------, "1996 APEC Ministerial Meeting Joint Statement," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/1996/1996_amm.aspx.
--------, "2004 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2004/2004_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2005 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2005/2005_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2007 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2007/2007_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2008 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2008/2008_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2009 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2009/2009_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2010 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2010/2010_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2010 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2010/2010_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2011 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2011/2011_aelm.aspx.
--------, "2014 APEC Ministerial Meeting Joint Ministerial Statement," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/2014/2014_amm.aspx.
--------, "2014 External Indicators Update for the Supply Chain Connectivity Framework Action Plan," http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=1561.
--------, "2014 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm.aspx.
--------, "Achievement, Promoting high quality RTAs/FTAs," http://www.apec.org/Home/Groups/Other-Groups/~/media/441C73DB54E746E4835F883BF7154612.ashx.
--------, "APEC Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mutual Recognition Arrangement (EEMRA)," http://www.apec.org/Groups/Committee-on-Trade-and-Investment/Sub-Committee-on-Standards-and-Conformance/apec_eemra.aspx, accessed June 19, 2015.
--------, "APEC Guidelines on Managing Cooperation with Non-Members," http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC/Policies-and-Procedures.aspx.
--------, "APEC Secretariat appoints its first Chief of Staff," http://www.apec.org/Press/News-Releases/2013/1129_cos.aspx.
--------, "APEC tackles "next generation" trade issues," http://www.apec.org/Press/Features/2011/0428_nextgen_trade.aspx.
--------, "APEC`s Second Trade Facilitation Action Plan," http://www.apec.org/en/Groups/Committee-on-Trade-and-Investment/~/media/1E898BBD474347F8807AB1EB44E1C6DE.ashx.
--------, "Chairman`s Summary Statement - 1989 APEC Ministerial Meeting," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/1989/1989_amm/chair_summary.aspx.
--------, “2010 Leaders’ Declaration,” http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2010/2010_aelm.aspx.
--------, “2014 Meeting of APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade,’ http://apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Trade/2014_trade.aspx,.
--------, “Annex A - The Beijing Roadmap for APEC’s Contribution to the Realization of the FTAAP,”http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm/2014_aelm_annexa.aspx.
--------, “Free Trade Agreements and Regional Trading Agreements,” http://www.apec.org/Home/Groups/Other-Groups/FTA_RTA.
--------, “Regional Economic Integration Agenda,” http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC/Fact-Sheets/Regional-Economic-Integration-Agenda.aspx.
--------, “Statement on Membership,” http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/1997/1997_amm/statement_on_membership.aspx.
--------, ”1995 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/1995/1995_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2007 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2007/2007_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2008 APEC Ministerial Meeting Joint Statement," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/2008/2008_amm.aspx.
--------,"2012 Leaders` Declaration, " http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2012/2012_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2012 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2012/2012_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2013 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2013/2013_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2014 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2014 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm.aspx.
--------,"2014 Leaders` Declaration," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm.aspx.
--------,"Achievements and Benefits," http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC/Achievements%20and%20Benefits.aspx.
--------,"Annex A - The Beijing Roadmap for APEC’s Contribution to the Realization of the FTAAP," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm/2014_aelm_annexa.aspx.
--------,"Annex A-APEC Model Chapter on Transparency for RTAs/FTAs," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/2012/2012.
--------,"Annex B – APEC Multi Year Plan on Infrastructure Development and Investment," http://apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2013/2013_aelm/2013_aelm_annexB.aspx.
--------,"Annex B - APEC Strategic Blueprint for Promoting Global Value Chains Development and Cooperation," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm/2014_aelm_annexb.aspx.
--------,"Annex D- APEC Connectivity Blueprint for 2015-2025," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2014/2014_aelm/2014_aelm_annexd.aspx.
--------,"Annex F- APEC Initiative of Cooperation to Promote Internet Economy," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Annual/2014/2014_amm/annexf.aspx, accessed April 26, 2015. hways-to-ftaap.aspx.
--------,"APEC advancing blueprint for improved regional connectivity," http://www.apec.org/Press/News-Releases/2014/0517_connectivity.aspx.
--------,"APEC`s Second Trade Facilitation Action Plan," http://www.apec.org/~/media/Files/Press/Features/2009/2007Par0013Filev1.pdf.
--------,"Free Trade Agreements and Regional Trading Agreements: Achievements," http://www.apec.org/Home/Groups/Other-Groups/FTA_RTA.
--------,"Pathway to FTAAP," http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2010/2010_aelm/
--------,"Supply Chain Connectivity Framework," http://www.apec.org/Home/Groups/Committee-on-Trade-and-Investment.aspx,.
--------,"Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership," Office of the United States Trade Representatives, https://ustr.gov/ttip.
ASEAN , "Guiding Principles and Objectives for Negotiating the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership," http://www.asean.org/component/itpgooglesearch/search?gsquery=Guiding+Principles+and+Objectives+for+Negotiating+the+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership.
--------, "Guiding Principles and Objectives for Negotiating the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership," http://www.asean.org/component/itpgooglesearch/search?gsquery=Guiding+Principles+and+Objectives+for+Negotiating+the+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership.
--------, "The ASEAN Charter," http://www.asean.org/archive/publications/ASEAN-Charter.pdf.
--------, “Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity, ”Association of Southeast Asian Nations, http://zh.scribd.com/ doc/111869648/Master-Plan-on-ASEAN-Connectivity.
Australian Government, "East Asia Summit(EAS)," http://dfat.gov.au/international-relations/regional-architecture/eas/Pages/east-asia-summit-eas.aspx.
Elek, Andrew, "AIIB miles ahead and TPP in promoting integration, East Asia Forum, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/04/14/aiib-miles-ahead-of-tpp-in-promoting-integration.
Hufbauer, Gary Clyde and Jeffery J. Schott. Peterson Institute for InternationlEconomics , "Will the World Trade Organization Enjoy a Bright Future?".
Hyun, Hyun-Hoon Hyun and Hur, Jung, "Trade Creation in the APEC Region: Measurement of the Magnitude of and Changes in Intra-regional Trade since APEC`s Inception," http://publications.apec.org/publication-detail.php?pub_id=944.
Kuriyama, Carlos and San Andres, Emmanuel, "Trade and Economic Growth - 25 Years of a Stronger Relationship within APEC," http://www.apec.org/About-Us/Policy-Support-Unit/PSU-Products-Publications.aspx.
OECD, "New OECD Global Forum," http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=CCNM(2008)4&docLanguage=En.
World Trade Organization, "Regional Trade Agreements." http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm.
--------,“Exceptions to WTO Rules: General Exceptions, Security Exceptions, Regional Trade Agreement (RTAs), Balance-of-Payment (BOPs) & Waivers”, http://etraining.wto.org/register/courseinfo.asp?CourseId=382&lang=En.
--------, "Understanding the WTO: cross-cutting and new issues, regionalism: friends or rivals?" https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/bey1_e.htm.
WTO Ecampus,"Exceptions to the Basic Principle of the WTO," https://ecampus.wto.org/admin/files/Course_480/Module_1371/ModuleDocuments/M3_E.pdf, pp. 351.
四、 報章雜誌
“APEC to decide whether to let India join," The Age, http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/APEC-to-decide-whether-to-let-India-join/2007/01/11/1168105110986.html, and "India will have to wait for APEC membership," http://www.india-voice.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=50.
五、 網站
APEC Project Database: https://aimp2.apec.org
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: https://www.apec.org
Institute for International Economics: http://www.iie.com
OECD: http://www.oecd.org
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council: http:www.pecc.org
PAFTED conference: http://paftad.org/conferences
UN Web Site: http://www.unescap.org/apta
World Trade Organization: http://www.wto.org |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
101922004 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1019220041 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班] 學位論文
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