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    Title: 嬰兒的選擇性模仿：動作─效果整合或目的推理？
    Other Titles: Selective Imitation in Infancy:Action-Effect Binding or Teleological Reasoning
    Authors: 楊悅如;黃啟泰
    Yang, Yueh-Ju;Huang, Chi-Tai
    Contributors: 心理系
    Keywords: 目的推理;因果效能;概念運動原則;模仿
    Teleological reasoning;Causal efficacy;Ideomotor principle;Imitation
    Date: 2015-08
    Issue Date: 2016-03-25 15:08:07 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 選擇性模仿係嬰兒依據情境不同選擇性地模仿他人的行為，為當今發展心理學備受矚目的議題。在Gergely、Bekkering與Király的著名研究中，當實驗者的雙手自由放在桌上，示範以額頭碰盒子開燈，嬰兒偏好模仿此新奇動作；當實驗者雙手緊抓毛毯示範相同的動作，模仿偏好並不顯著。目的推理論認為選擇性模仿是因為相同的動作在不同情境限制中，被解讀為含有不同意圖；動作－效果整合理論則主張動作執行的困難度與動作－效果聯結的穩定性是選擇性模仿發生的主因。為解決二理論長久以來對於嬰兒模仿的爭議，回顧過去研究發現，我們認為動作的因果效能或能提供一架構，釐清兩者對選擇性模仿的解釋效力。目的推理論認為模仿只需少量的動作效果訊息，或然性的因果動作並不會影響嬰兒的模仿傾向；對比之下，動作－效果整合理論則認為或然性的因果動作將削弱嬰兒的模仿反應傾向。兩理論對於或然性動作的影響持有不同的預測，後續研究可以操弄因果效能變項，探討嬰兒模仿的發展機制。
    Recent research has established selective imitation in infancy. In the seminal work by Gergely, Bekkering and Király, infants imitate an adult by using their head to turn on a lamp more often when the demonstrator deliberately produces the unconventional manner (by placing the free hands on the table) than when she rationally use the head (the hands occupied by holding a blanket). Although it has been suggested that infants use the situational constraints to interpret the actor’s intention, recent evidence shows that selective imitation could be interpreted alternatively as action-effect binding guided byanideomotor principle. In this paper, we suggest that causal efficacy of an action offers a framework for delineating the roles played by action-effect binding and teleological reasoning in infant imitation. The ideomotor principle maintains that stochastic causal actions decrease imitation response tendencies; the teleological reasoning theory holds that imitation requires only a minimum amount of information about action effects. As the two theories make different predictions about imitation of stochastic causal actions, future research could seek to understand developmental mechanisms underlying imitation based on the evaluation of causal efficacy of an action.
    Relation: 高雄行為科學學刊, 2015(5) , 7-25
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Psychology] Periodical Articles

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