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    题名: 台商赴海外投資對國內薪資的影響之探討-以製造業為例
    作者: 林芳儀
    贡献者: 林祖嘉
    林芳儀
    关键词: 對外投資
    薪資
    勞動
    大陸投資
    三階段最小平方
    母國
    東道國
    海外投資
    委外代工
    跨國企業
    foreign direct investment
    outward investment
    wage
    3sls
    labor
    home country
    日期: 2006
    上传时间: 2016-05-06 16:54:52 (UTC+8)
    摘要:   1980-2004年,台灣製造業勞動薪資隨時間持續增加,但是技術與非技術勞動之相對薪資卻大致呈現下滑趨勢。根據過去文獻,影響技術與非技術勞動相對薪資的原因有很多,諸如貿易、對外投資等國際分工方法。本研究主要分析對外投資影響台灣技術與非技術勞動薪資變動的情形,至於貿易等其他因素造成之影響,本文將不進行討論。
    我們先從廠商利潤極大化之角度出發,推導出本研究所需之薪資決定方程式後,利用1980-2004年間,台灣製造業之整合資料,以三階段最小平方法,同時對技術及非技術勞動薪資方程式,進行迴歸分析。融合林祖嘉與黃啟宏(2006)之研究,得到下列結果:
    1.整體製造業對外投資促進產業升級。廠商在既有的產出下,對外投資增加技術勞動需求,減少非技術勞動需求。同時,技術勞動供給增加,且幅度小於需求增加之幅度,使得技術勞動均衡雇用量及薪資皆上揚。非技術勞動之薪資也因需求減少而下降。
    2.資本密集製造業在對外投資的過程中,僅增加了技術勞動的需求,並未減少非技術勞動的需求。相反的,台商赴海外投資非資本密集製造業,將減少其非技術勞動需求。顯示資本密集製造業勞動在對外投資中受益,非資本密集製造業勞動在對外投資中受害。
    3.對個別勞動者而言,無論其為技術或非技術勞動,在資本密集製造業工作,都能使其免於承受台商對外投資,間接造成之薪資銳減。
    如同我們的預期,技術勞動供給因教育普及而增加,技術勞動的均衡薪資可能隨之降低,但因為對外投資抵銷了技術勞動供給的影響,甚至使技術勞動薪資上升。另一方面,非技術勞動因對外投資,造成產業之需求銳減,使其薪資下降。因此製造業技術及非技術勞動的薪資差距,會因為對外投資金額增加而上升。
    參考文獻: 中文部分:
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    嚴宗大、李惠琴(1990),〈台商大陸投資及其對臺灣產業的影響〉,中華經濟研究院。
    蘇儀品(2004),〈對大陸直接投資與台灣薪資差異〉,私立淡江大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文。
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    國立政治大學
    經濟學系
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    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093258034
    数据类型: thesis
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