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    政大機構典藏 > 商學院 > 財務管理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/95521
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95521


    Title: 投票理論下所得課稅與移轉之研究
    Authors: 梁景洋
    Contributors: 吳家恩
    梁景洋
    Date: 2002
    Issue Date: 2016-05-09 16:25:49 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   近年來老年人口持續的增加,世界各國都已步入高齡化的社會,因此老年人口的基本經濟安全問題倍顯重要。除了個人在年輕時工作所作的儲蓄外,各國多以租稅或社會保險的方式加以保障老年的基本生活。本文擬結合中位數選民理論與社會安全制度的概念,以公共選擇的角度來決定均衡稅率。這樣的構想或許有些不切實際,如果我們假設政黨的決策是以極大化選舉勝利的可能性為目標時,則政府的各項施政可以視為是政黨在選舉期間所提出的各種政見,所以我們可以認為租稅結構是經由人民投票所決定出來的。故Roberts(1977)認為我們的焦點只在於政策決策的過程是否反映一些投票的精神,而不是投票機制本身。
      本文以Dolmas and Huffman(1997)的兩期模型為分析的架構,將勞動供給的因素納入模型之中,並對勞動所得和利息所得課稅;此外,並利用Gans and Smart(1996)的單交叉點的性質(Single crossing Condition),證明本模型簡單多數決下的均衡稅率決定於工資率為中位數的個人,並得到以下結論:
      1.當工資率的分配為左偏的,則簡單多數決下的均衡稅率為0;反之,若為右偏分配時,則均衡稅率為正的。
      2.當原始工資率的分配狀況惡化時,投票所決定的均衡稅率會提高。
      3.當社會安全給付的條件改變不影響每個人在社會中的排序時,社會安全的給付提高會使中位數投票者選擇一個更高的稅率。
      本文亦以Cobb-Douglas函數作模擬分析,在工資率分配型態以平均數μ=-1、變異數σ<sup>2</sup>=0.39的Lognormal分配近似下,得到以下結論:
      1.在各種不同的參數值下,模擬分析所得到的均衡稅率均小於50%。若假設休閒對效用的權數為零,表示勞動供給固定為1,所得到的均衡稅率為100%。所以本模型所得到的均衡稅率均小於50%的結論,我們可以說大部分的原因在於勞動供給為內生變數的設定。
      2.當社會安全的體系加入之後,會有過半數個人的效用因此而提高,社會整體的福利也會上升,而且有過半數個人的稅負為負的,所以政府的此項政策能獲得過半數以上個人的同意。
      3.當工資率的分配呈現右偏的,即Ω(=w/w)值小於一,均衡稅率隨著Ω的增加而呈現單調遞減的現象。
      4.當利率提高時,均衡稅率會越低;當休閒對效用的權數越小時,均衡稅率會越高。
    Reference: (一)中文部分
    翁堃嵐(1998),「逃漏稅相關理論論文集」,國立台灣大學經濟學研究所博士論文。
    (二)英文部分
    Baake, P. and R. Borck (2000), “Pareto Efficiency and Majority Voting: Why High Taxes on the Middle Class May be Desirable.” Public Choice, 102, 79-93.
    Creedy, J. and P. Francois (1993), ”Voting over Income Tax Progression in a Two-period model.” Journal of Public Economics, 50, 291-298.
    Diamond, P.A. (1965), “National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model.” American Economic Review, 55, 1126-1150.
    Dolmas, J. and G.W. Huffman (1997), “The Political Economy of Endogenous Taxation and Redistribution.” Economics Letters, 56, 223-227.
    Gans, J.S. and T. Smart (1996), “Majority Voting with Single-crossing Preference.” Journal of Public Economics, 59, 219-237.
    Gouveia, M. and D. Oliver (1996), “Voting over Flat Taxes in an Endowment Economy.” Economics Letters, 50, 251-258.
    Grandmont, J.M. (1978), “Intermediate Preferences and the Majority Rule.” Econometrica, 58, 317-330.
    Hindriks, J. (2001), ”Is There a Demand for Income Tax Progressivity?” Economics Letters, 73, 43-50.
    Marhuenda, F. and I. Ortuno-Ortin (1995), “Popular Support for Progressive Taxation.” Economics Letters, 48, 319-324.
    Milgrom, P. (1994), “Comparing Optima: Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions?” Journal of Political Economy, 102, 607-615.
    Mirrlees, J.A. (1971),”An Exploration in the Theory of Optimal Income Taxation.” Review of Economics Studies, 38, 175-205.
    Mitra, T., E.A. Ok, and L. Kockesen (1998), “Popular Support for Progressive Taxation and the Relative Income Hypothesis.” Economics Letters, 58, 69-76.
    Peck, R.M. (1986), “Power and Linear Income Taxes: An Example.” Econometrica, 54, 87-96.
    Roberts, K.W.S. (1977), ”Voting over Income Tax Schedules.” Journal of Public Economics, 8, 329-340.
    Romer, T. (1975). “Individual Welfare, Majority Voting, and the Properties of a Linear Income Tax.” Journal of Public Economics, 4, 163-185.
    Romer, T. (1977). “Majority Voting on Tax Parameters.” Journal of Public Economics, 7, 127-133.
    Rothstein, P. (1990), “Order Restricted Preferences and Majority Rule.” Social Choice and Welfare, 7, 331-342.
    Snyder, J.M. and G.H. Kramer (1988), “Fairness, Self-interest, and the Politics of the Progressive Income Tax.” Journal of Public Economics, 36, 197-230.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    財政學系
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000440
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[財務管理學系] 學位論文

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