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請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/157433
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| 題名: | 軟法與國際人權法之施行：從普世到在地之規範變遷
Soft Law in the Implementation of International Human Rights Law: from Universal to Localized Evolution of Norms |
| 作者: | 翁燕菁 |
| 貢獻者: | 政治系 |
| 關鍵詞: | 軟法;國際人權法;條約解釋;規範變遷;混種
Soft Law;International Human Rights Law;Treaty Interpretation;Evolution of Norms;Hybridization |
| 日期: | 2021-11 |
| 上傳時間: | 2025-06-19 11:55:12 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 國際人權條約規範抽象，軟法成為縮短規範與現實間遙遠距離之要角，構成實質法源。軟法本難定義，本研究擬以法拘束力有待商榷之各類文件為據，廣泛納入國際組織、國家機關，甚至私人等意見、決議、建議或報告，討論軟法之「生產」對普世價值在地化之關鍵地位，以及適用軟法解釋公約權利如何有助解決個案問題。
軟法研究多與治理相關，惟治理尚非人權之目的，值得另為論述。國際人權法下，軟法如何產生效度並使規範有效，端賴其正當性。正當性非僅出自於軟法作者之權威，更涉及目的、價值等設定。軟法於強化並鞏固條約法的同時，亦為多元保留餘地，包括規範之產生與適用的多樣發展。
國際人權法監督機構適用軟法雖成慣例，仍不乏爭議。軟法之適用在於「遵守或駁斥」，於辯證中促進規範變遷。惟爭議在於法安定性。軟法使人權受到實質有效保障，間接確保條約法之「法安定性」，反之多元法源及見解衝突，則挑戰法安定性。
臺灣於施行國際人權條約近10年後，似仍欠缺得供司法參酌之在地混種解釋，而司法引述國際或外國解釋時，正當性又難免受質疑。如何建構多元且在地化之人權軟法網絡，應為下一步施行國際人權規範所應正視之改革。
Abstraction can well describe the character of international human rights treaties. Yet the so-called soft law plays the key to shorten the long distance between the norms and the reality and thus becomes a substantial legal source. Without a generally acceptable definition of soft law, this research project shall studies a variety of instruments with limited or doubtful binding force, including comments, resolutions, recommendations or reports published by international organizations, national institutions or even private agencies. The objective is to discuss the importance of soft law ??productions?? to the localization of univesal values, as well as the contribution of soft law on the effective implementation of human rights norms facing particular cases of complexity.
Existing studies on soft law are mostly linked to the idea of governance, which is not the goal for human rights norms. There seems an interest to study soft law within the ambit of international human rights law. The soft law depends upon its legitimacy to accede to its validation and to make a human rights treaty norm effective. This legitimacy does not merely come from the authority of its author but also from its purpose and value setting. While the soft law strengthens and consolidates the treaty norms, it also reserve a margin of appreciation to the plurality, including divers developments of production and implementation of norms.
References to soft law made by international human rights monitoring bodies are nothing new, but they are still being criticized. Apply a soft law norm means ??comply or explain??, which pushes normative evolution through disputes. However, the problem of legal security remains a serious concern. Soft law ensures a concrete and effective protection of rights and therefore contributes indirectly to the legal security of a treaty norm. By contrast, the pluralist sources of norms and the potential conflicts in-between constitute a real challenge to a general legal security.
Almost a decade following the initial step on the implementation of international human rights treaties in Taiwan, there remains a lacuna, a well hybridized interpretation or a localized soft law production that can enrich the legal arguments in a court room. This is worsened by the criticisms received by a judge on the legitimacy when international or foreign interpretations of norms are cited. The next step to further consolidate the international human rights norms in Taiwan should be put on the necessary institutional reforms regarding the role of local soft law production. |
| 關聯: | 科技部, MOST107-2410-H004-057-MY3, 107.08-110.07 |
| 資料類型: | report |
| 顯示於類別: | [政治學系] 國科會研究計畫
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