Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/158077
|
| Title: | 動態模型中不完全競爭廠商的不對稱反應：以美國乳製品零售市場為例
Asymmetric Responses in Dynamic Models of Imperfect Competition: Case of U.S. Retail Dairy Markets |
| Authors: | 王信實 |
| Contributors: | 經濟系 |
| Keywords: | 動態賽局;馬爾可夫完美均衡;不對稱反應
Dynamic Game;Markov Perfect Equilibrium;Asymmetric Response |
| Date: | 2014-05 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-07-16 11:13:34 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 自從「新實證產業組織（NEIO）」的分析典範發展以來，運用估計廠商之間策略性互動的結構模型，便成為一般常見的做法。然而，在文獻上大部分的研究都著眼於靜態環境，或者單一廠商的動態決策問題。靜態的分析方法很容易遺漏問題可能存在的動態面向，而單一廠商的決策研究則可能忽略不完全競爭廠商之間互動的本質。許多研究者都同意大多數經濟政策的爭論基本上和動態競爭有關，像是進入和退出成本、廣告或研發的報酬、投資的調整成本，以及廠商和消費者的學習速度(Bajari, Benkard, and Levin, 2007)。對於許多廠商而言，為了瞭解價格或數量的競爭特性，通常需要使用動態的架構。例如，如果廠商未來面對的成本或需求，會受到目前售出數量的影響，像是做中學、調整成本、耐久財、體驗產品(experience goods)以及網路外部性，那麼用靜態方式去分析這類產業的廠商狀況便不適宜，相對的，運用動態模型才能清楚分析廠商競爭的本質。本研究將進行文獻上一項的重要延伸，也就是使用動態模型來處理不對稱反應（asymmetric response）的相關問題。在本研究的模型中，我們允許大廠商刻意地忽略小廠商的策略，如此一來，將可以更合理地刻劃廠商間策略性的行為。這種研究方法明顯的優勢之一，就是這樣的設定可以大幅度降低計算的需求。從另一個角度看，這樣的模型所需要的資料，必須來自廠商的市場佔有率相對穩定的產業，例如美國的酪農業。我們將在三個不同的情境中分析對稱與不對稱的反應，這三個情境分別為靜態、動態，以及加入廣告的非價格競爭的動態模型。我們將針對這些估計結果做進一步的比較，以了解不同設定所可能帶來的影響。最後我們也將進行相關的福利效果分析，並探討其政策上的涵義。
Since the development of “new empirical industrial organization (NEIO)” paradigm, estimating structural models of firms’ strategic interactions has become a common practice. However, most studies in this literature focused on static environments or on single-agent dynamic decision problems. While the static approach tends to miss the possible dynamic perspective of problems at hand, the single-agent decision ignores inherent features of firms’ interactions. Many researchers have admitted that most economic policy debates are essentially linked to dynamic competition, such as entry and exit costs, returns to advertising or research and development, adjustment costs of investment, and speed of firm and consumer learning. (Bajari, Benkard, and Levin, 2007) A dynamic framework is usually required in many industries to understand the nature of competition in prices or quantities. For example, it is not appropriate to model industries in a static price or quantity setting if firms’ future costs or demand conditions depend on the quantity sold today, such as learning by doing, adjustment costs, durable goods, experience goods, and network externalities. This project investigates an important extension to the literature to address possible issues of asymmetric responses in a dynamic framework. The amended model allows large firms to intentionally ignore decisions made by small competitors, which may characterize strategic behavior of firms in a more reasonable way. One of the prominent advantages of this approach is that this setting dramatically reduces the computation load. On the other hand, the model requires data from industries with relatively stable market shares, such as the U.S. dairy sector. Both symmetric and asymmetric responses will be estimated in three different scenarios based on static model, dynamic model, and dynamic model with non-price competition in advertising. These results will be compared to analyze possible impacts due to different settings. Finally, the associated welfare analyses will be conducted and the policy implications will be discussed. |
| Relation: | 行政院國家科學委員會, NSC101-2410-H004-017, 101.08-102.07 |
| Data Type: | report |
| Appears in Collections: | [經濟學系] 國科會研究計畫
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| index.html | | 0Kb | HTML | 24 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
