Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/159360
|
| Title: | 美中兩國在綠能產業上的競合關係（2016-2022）
The competitive and cooperative relationship between the United States and China in the green energy industry(2016–2022) |
| Authors: | 傅昱瑋
Fu, Yu-Wei |
| Contributors: | 朱新民
傅昱瑋
Fu, Yu-Wei |
| Keywords: | 美國
中國
綠能產業
巴黎協定
能源政策
可再生能源
United States
China
Green energy industry
Paris Agreement
Energy policy
Renewable energy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-09-01 16:43:38 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 2021年4月15日，美國氣候變遷特使凱瑞（John Kerry）與中華人民共和國氣候變遷事務特使解振華在上海進行了會談。此次會談是自美中外交關係緊張化以來，首位拜登政府官員訪華。儘管雙方在眾多議題上針鋒相對，但會後雙方發布了共同聲明，強調兩國將共同努力應對氣候危機。
隨後，美國於2021年4月22日世界地球日舉行了氣候領袖線上高峰會，邀請了包括中共在內的超過40個國家的領袖參加。在此次會議上，美中兩國領導人都表達了降低碳排放的決心，並呼籲各國加強合作。美國總統拜登（Joe Biden）甚至承諾在2030年之前將溫室氣體排放減半，並強調解決全球氣候變暖問題所帶來的經濟益處。
此外，美國國務卿布林肯（Antony Blinken）也公開表示，美國在生產太陽能電池板和電動汽車方面落後於中國大陸，但承諾將採取措施鼓勵其他國家在清潔能源方面與美國共同努力。
綜上所述，美中關係在綠能產業發展方面正進入新的競合階段。雙方在氣候變化議題上展開合作的同時，也開啟了全新的產業競爭局面。
On April 15, 2021, U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry met with China’s Special Envoy for Climate Change Xie Zhenhua in Shanghai. This meeting marked the first visit to China by a Biden administration official amid heightened U.S.-China diplomatic tensions. Despite sharp disagreements on various issues, both sides issued a joint statement after the meeting, emphasizing their commitment to jointly address the climate crisis.
Subsequently, the United States hosted the Leaders Summit on Climate online on April 22, 2021—Earth Day—inviting leaders from over 40 countries, including China. During the summit, both the U.S. and Chinese leaders expressed their determination to reduce carbon emissions and called for stronger international cooperation. U.S. President Joe Biden pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions by half by 2030 and underscored the economic benefits of addressing global climate change.
Furthermore, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken publicly acknowledged that the United States lags behind mainland China in the production of solar panels and electric vehicles, but committed to taking action and encouraging other nations to work with the U.S. in the field of clean energy.
In summary, the U.S.-China relationship is entering a new phase of both competition and cooperation in the development of the green energy industry. While collaborating on climate change, both nations are also engaging in a new form of industrial rivalry. |
| Reference: | 一、中文部份
（一）專書
一帶一路綠色發展國際聯盟（編）（2023）。一帶一路項目綠色發展指南二期。一帶一路綠色發展國際聯盟。
中國國家統計局（編）（2023）。2023年中國統計年鑑。國家統計局。
林伯強（2024）。中國能源發展報告（2023）。廈門大學出版社。
（二）期刊論文
李萌、李雨珊、潘家華（2022）。可再生能源、能源地緣政治風險與國家能源安全。中國人口·資源與環境。32（11）。頁1-8。
李彬（2022）。雙碳目標下地方政府行為邏輯與調整策略。公共行政評論，15（1），頁45-56。
張菀麟、林蒧均（2024）。美國數位減碳之科研布局與重點策略。中華經濟研究月刊，215，頁25-31。
（三）專書論文
洪銘德（2025）。中國能源轉型及其面臨的挑戰。載於龔祥生、洪子傑（編），2024中共政軍發展評估報告。（頁228-245）。國防安全研究院。
（四）官方電子資料
中華人民共和國全國人民代表大會常務委員會（2005）。可再生能源法。中華人民共和國中央人民政府。6月21日。https://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2005-06/21/content_8275.htm
中國光伏行業協會（2021）。2020-2021年中國光伏產業年度報告。中國光伏行業協會。6月1日。https://www.chinapv.org.cn/Industry/resource_1012.html
中國光伏行業協會（2023）。2022-2023年中國光伏產業年度報告。中國光伏行業協會。8月16日。https://www.chinapv.org.cn/Industry/resource_1285.html
中國化學與物理電源行業協會（2023）。儲能產業發展白皮書2023。中國儲能網。4月7日。https://www.escn.com.cn/news/show-1978617.html
中國國家發展改革委員會（2021）。“十四五”可再生能源發展規劃。中國國家發展改革委員會。10月21日。https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/202206/t20220601_1326719.html
中國國家發展改革委員會（2022）。關於進一步完善煤炭市場價格形成機制的通知。中國國家發展改革委員會。2月24日。https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/xwfb/202202/t20220224_1316742.html
中國國家發展和改革委員會（2007）。可再生能源中長期發展規劃。中國國家發展改革委員會。9月5日。https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/200709/W020190905520872137792.pdf
中國國家發展和改革委員會（2018）。關於2018年光伏發電有關事項的通知。中國國家發展改革委員會。6月1日。https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/201806/t20180601_962736.html
中國國家能源局（2021）。2020年全國電力工業統計數據。國家能源局。1月20日。https://www.nea.gov.cn/2021-01/20/c_139683739.htm
中國國家能源局（2023）。2022年全國電力工業統計數據。國家能源局。1月18日。https://www.nea.gov.cn/2023-01/18/c_1310691509.htm
中國國家能源局（2023）。2022年全國再生能源電力發展監測報告。國家能源局。9月7日。https://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn/2023-09/07/c_1310741874.htm
中國國家發展改革委員會（2025）。關於促進可再生能源綠色電力證書市場高品質發展的意見。中國國家發展改革委員會。3月18日。https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/jd/jd/202503/t20250318_1396645.html
中國國務院（2021）。2030年前碳達峰行動方案。中華人民共和國中央人民政府。10月26日。https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-10/26/content_5644984.htm
中國國際發展合作署（2022）。中國對外能源投資年度報告。中國國際發展合作署。12月31日。https://www.cidca.gov.cn/2022-12/31/c_1211234567.htm
中國國務院（2012）。“十二五”國家戰略性新興產業發展規劃。中華人民共和國中央人民政府。7月9日。http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2012-07/20/content_2187770.htm
中國汽車工業協會（2022）。2022年上半年中國新能源汽車產業發展報告。中國汽車工業協會。5月23日。https://www.caam.org.cn/chn/4/cate_31/con_5234013.html
中國汽車動力電池產業創新聯盟（2022）。鋰電池產業國際化進程研究報告。中國汽車動力電池產業創新聯盟。6月11日。https://www.cabc.org.cn/insight/detail/4856173
中國電力企業聯合會（2021）。中國電力行業年度發展報告2021。中國核能行業協會。7月9日。https://china-nea.cn/site/content/39416.html
（五）網際網路
人民網（2020）。習近平在第七十五屆聯合國大會一般性辯論上的講話。人民網。9月20日。http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2020/0923/c64094-31871241.html
紐約時報中文網（2021）。新疆棉爭議可能重演？美國在太陽能領域陷入兩難。紐約時報中文網。4月21日。https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20210421/china-biden-solar-panels/zh-hant/
陳詩豪（2022）。中國大陸再生能源發展與臺商綠色轉型。兩岸經貿網。11月2日。https://www.seftb.org/cp-4-1808-d9655-1.html
張蓉湘（2021）。美國：扭轉氣候變化問題為外交政策優先。美國之音。4月21日。https://www.voacantonese.com/a/state-dept-climate-change/5861625.html
新華社（2021）。習近平在第76屆聯合國大會一般性辯論上的講話。人民網。9月22日。http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2021/0922/c1024-32232447.html
暨希（2021）。領跑新一輪綠色經濟美國比目標空泛的中國更可靠。美國之音。4月26日。https://www.voacantonese.com/a/us-will-lead-in-new-green-economy-20210426/5866907.html
BBC NEWS（2019）。巴黎氣候協議：特朗普退群對美國國際地位及中國的影響。BBC NEWS。10月30日。https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-50239081
二、英文部份
（一）期刊論文
Carley, S. & Browne, T. R. (2018). The renewable portfolio standards in the United States: A status report. Energy Policy, 117, pp. 678–691.
Ebenstein, A., Fan, M., Greenstone, M., He, G. & Zhou, M. (2017). New evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China's Huai River policy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(39), pp. 10384–10389.
Zhao. Z., Gozgor. G., et al. (2023). The impact of geopolitical risks on renewable energy demand. Energy Economics, 122, pp. 106700–106701.
（二）官方電子資料
American Wind Energy Association. (2020). U.S. wind industry annual market report year ending 2019. American Wind Energy Association. October 25. https://cleanpower.org/resources/u-s-wind-industry-annual-market-report-year-ending-2019/
BloombergNEF. (2021). Energy transition investment trends 2021. BloombergNEF. Retrieved May 9, 2024. https://about.bnef.com/blog/energy-transition-investment-hit-500-billion-in-2020-for-first-time/
California Energy Commission. (2023). Tracking progress: Renewable energy. California Energy Commission. Retrieved May 11, 2024. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/tracking-progress/renewable-energy
Climate Action Tracker. (2020). China’s net zero target. Climate Action Tracker. Retrieved May 11, 2024. https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/net-zero-targets/
Columbia Law School Sabin Center for Climate Change Law. (2017). President Trump announces withdrawal from Paris Agreement. Columbia Law School Sabin Center for Climate Change Law. Retrieved May 12, 2024. https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/president-trump-announces-withdrawal-paris-agreement-0
Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy. (2023). Q&A: Solar tariffs and the US energy transition. Columbia University Center on Global Energy Policy. Retrieved May 12, 2024. https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/qa-solar-tariffs-and-the-us-energy-transition/
Energy Futures Initiative & National Association of State Energy Officials. (2020). 2020 U.S. energy and employment report. Energy Futures Initiative & National Association of State Energy Officials. Retrieved May 12, 2024. https://www.naseo.org/data/sites/1/documents/publications/USEER-2020-US-Energy-Employment-Report.pdf
European Commission. (2018). Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. European Commission. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018L2001-20231120
International Renewable Energy Agency. (2023). Renewable Capacity Statistics 2023. International Renewable Energy Agency. Retrieved March 25. 2024. https://www.irena.org/publications/2023/Mar/Renewable-Capacity-Statistics-2023
International Energy Agency. (2019). World energy investment 2019. International Energy Agency. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2019
International Energy Agency. (2021). Renewable energy law of the People's Republic of China. International Energy Agency. Retrieved May 1, 2024. https://www.iea.org/policies/3080-renewable-energy-law-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china
International Energy Agency. (2021). Global EV outlook 2021. International Energy Agency. Retrieved May 3, 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2021
International Energy Agency. (2022). Renewables 2022: Analysis and forecast to 2027. International Energy Agency. Retrieved May 3, 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2022
International Renewable Energy Agency. (2019). Renewable capacity statistics 2019. International Renewable Energy Agency. Retrieved May 5, 2024. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Irena/Files/Statistical-Notes-and-Methodology/RE_capacity_highlights_2019.pdf
International Renewable Energy Agency. (2022). Renewable energy and jobs – Annual review 2022. International Renewable Energy Agency. Retrieved May 5, 2024. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40dgreports/%40dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_856649.pdf
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2021). About NREL. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.nrel.gov/about
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2022). Renewable energy data book. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84782.pdf
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2022). Storage futures study: Cost and performance assumptions. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved May 12, 2024. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/80694.pdf
OpenSecrets. (2022). Oil & gas: Lobbying, 2021. OpenSecrets. Retrieved May 12, 2024. https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/lobbying.php?ind=E01
Pew Research Center. (2021). Americans overwhelmingly favor expanding solar and wind energy. Pew Research Center. Retrieved May 12, 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/06/08/most-americans-support-expanding-solar-and-wind-energy-but-republican-support-has-dropped/
Supreme Court of the United States. (2022). West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. (2022). Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1530_n758.pdf
Texas Tribune. (2021). Texas lawmakers propose limiting wind and solar. Texas Tribune. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.texastribune.org/2021/03/18/texas-wind-solar-legislation/
The White House. (2009). American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The White House. Retrieved May 25, 2024. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/recovery
The White House. (2021). Fact sheet: The American jobs plan. The White House. Retrieved May 23, 2024. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/31/fact-sheet-the-american-jobs-plan/
The White House. (2021). Fact sheet: President Biden sets 2030 greenhouse gas pollution reduction target. The White House. Retrieved May 22, 2024. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target/
The White House. (2021). Fact sheet: The bipartisan infrastructure deal. The White House. Retrieved May 1, 2024. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/11/06/fact-sheet-the-bipartisan-infrastructure-deal/
The White House. (2021). Fact sheet: President Biden’s bipartisan infrastructure law advances economic and public health opportunities for tribal communities. The White House. Retrieved May 1, 2024. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/11/18/fact-sheet-president-bidens-bipartisan-infrastructure-law-advances-economic-and-public-health-opportunities-for-tribal-communities/
The White House. (2022). Inflation Reduction Act guidebook. The White House. Retrieved May 1, 2024. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Inflation-Reduction-Act-Guidebook.pdf
Tsinghua University & Stanford University. (2017). US-China clean water-energy nexus platform report. Tsinghua University & Stanford University. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://web.stanford.edu/group/water-energy/USCN_report_2017.pdf
U.S. Congress. (1978). Energy Tax Act of 1978. Public Law 95-618. U.S. Congress. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.congress.gov/bill/95th-congress/house-bill/13750
U.S. Congress. (1980). Energy Policy and Conservation Act. Public Law 94-163. U.S. Congress. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/7014
U.S. Congress. (2005). Energy Policy Acts of 1992 and 2005. U.S. Congress. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.congress.gov/
U.S. Congress. (2019). S.1359 - Clean Energy Standard Act of 2019. U.S. Congress. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/1359
U.S. Congress. (2022). Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. U.S. Congress. Retrieved May 13, 2024. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5376
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). DOE clean energy programs overview. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/eere/office-energy-efficiency-renewable-energy
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). History of the U.S. Department of Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/about/history
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). History of the Energy Tax Act and Investment Tax Credit (ITC). U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/tax-credits
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). Major renewable energy projects database. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/eere/renewable-energy-project-database
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). Federal incentives for renewable energy. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/eere/federal-incentives-renewable-energy
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). Federal energy management program. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). Advanced small modular reactors (SMRs). U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 14, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/ne/advanced-small-modular-reactors-smrs
U.S. Department of Energy. (2021). Federal tax credits for energy efficiency and renewable energy. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/federal-tax-credits-energy-efficiency-and-renewable-energy
U.S. Department of Energy. (2022). Queued up: Characteristics of power plants seeking transmission interconnection. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/queued-characteristics-power-plants
U.S. Department of Energy. (2022). 2022 U.S. energy & employment jobs report (USEER). U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/useer2022
U.S. Department of Energy. (2023). DOE report shows clean energy jobs grew at more than twice the rate of overall U.S. employment. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-report-shows-clean-energy-jobs-grew-more-twice-rate-overall-us-employment
U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://www.energy.gov/lpo/inflation-reduction-act-2022
U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2016). 2016 U.S.-China strategic and economic dialogue joint outcomes. U.S. Department of the Treasury. Retrieved May 15, 2024. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jl0484
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2021). Monthly energy review. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved May 17, 2024. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/mer.pdf
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2021). Today in energy: Shale gas production. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved May 17, 2024. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=48576
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2021). Electric power monthly. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved May 17, 2024. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2016). U.S.-China clean energy cooperation: Bilateral clean energy programs show some results but should enhance performance monitoring. U.S. Government Accountability Office. Retrieved May 17, 2024. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-16-669
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. (2014). Section 4: U.S.-China clean energy cooperation. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Retrieved May 11, 2024. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/Chapter%201%20Section%204%20U.S.-China%20Clean%20Energy%20Cooperation.pdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2021). Glasgow climate pact. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved May 11, 2024. https://unfccc.int/documents/310497
White House. (n.d.). Summary of Inflation Reduction Act provisions related to renewable energy. White House. Retrieved May 3, 2024. https://www.epa.gov/green-power-markets/summary-inflation-reduction-act-provisions-related-renewable-energy
（三）網際網路
AP News. (2025). Big firms abandon wind energy plans in Colombia amid regulatory shifts, social issues and grid gaps. AP News. Retrieved June 3, 2024. https://apnews.com/article/colombia-wind-energy-companies-climate-56dd34be39a393a4041e9431bdd45e0b
Eurasia Group. (2021). Top risks 2021. Eurasia Group. Retrieved June 3, 2024. https://www.eurasiagroup.net/files/upload/top-risks-2021-full-report.pdf
GWEC. (2021). GWEC global wind report 2021. GWEC. Retrieved March 25, 2025. https://gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GWEC-Global-Wind-Report-2021.pdf
reNews.BIZ. (2021). China dominates installed renewable energy capacity. reNews.BIZ. Retrieved May 5, 2023. https://renews.biz/69346/china-dominates-installed-renewable-energy-capacity/
Xinhua. (2025). China accelerates reform of renewable power pricing to promote green energy. Xinhua. Retrieved May 5, 2024. https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202502/10/content_WS67a9afb2c6d0868f4e8ef893.html |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
109922023 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109922023 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 202301.pdf | | 2126Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
