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    Title: 口碑下的數位暗潮—網紅行銷與薦證廣告之不公平競爭
    The Digital Undercurrents of Word-of-Mouth: Legal Issues in Influencer Marketing and Endorsement Advertising
    Authors: 鄭媁薷
    Cheng, Wei-Ju
    Contributors: 王立達
    Wang, Li-Dar
    鄭媁薷
    Cheng, Wei-Ju
    Keywords: 網紅行銷
    薦證廣告
    口碑行銷
    不公平競爭
    欺罔
    一般大眾可合理預期
    利益關係揭露
    Date: 2025
    Issue Date: 2025-09-01 16:46:27 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年來,網紅行銷與各式薦證廣告已成為主流的行銷手法,亦在消費者決策流程中具相當影響力,然而這些口碑行銷的操作卻經常隱藏利益關係,進而引發不公平競爭之問題。

    本文首先梳理數位廣告中常見的十大類型,並分析其於薦證廣告中的具體應用,以突顯薦證廣告在數位行銷中的獨特性。本文主要聚焦於薦證廣告之利益關係揭露問題,檢視我國公平交易法現行規範可能產生的爭議與問題,結合學術與實務觀點,提出初步觀察與立場。進一步再透過比較法觀點,分析美國與英國之薦證廣告相關規範與執法態度,發現我國在規範及執法上仍存在落差,而美國及英國之規範應作為我國法之參考。

    本研究發現,我國現行法對於未揭露利益關係之廣告,主要僅將義務課予廣告主,對薦證者之利益揭露義務並未明確規範。本文主張應修正公平交易法第21條,明確建立薦證者之利益揭露義務,並規定當薦證者與廣告主存在非一般大眾可合理預期之利益關係卻未揭露時,雙方均應共同承擔責任。此外,本文亦將薦證者區分為自主型與從屬型薦證者,從倫理責任與法經濟學角度分析規範正當性,同時指出「一般大眾可合理預期」之判準,將會在比例、母體及動態預期等面向面臨挑戰。最後,本文同時提出修法以外可行的補充路徑,包含多元制度輔助評估及新型態口碑操作之關注,期能在數位時代建構更完善的薦證廣告規範制度,兼顧行銷廣告創意與市場公平競爭。
    Reference: 中文參考文獻
    1. 王明禮,〈網路時代之薦證廣告與其管制〉,《東吳法律學報》,28卷4期,
    2017年。
    2. 吳秀明、沈麗玉,〈公平交易法關於廣告規範之最新發展〉,《月旦法學雜誌》,
    241期,2015年。
    3. 杜怡靜、王震宇、汪志勇、陳皓芸、楊燕枝,《公平交易法對新型態廣告之適用與因應》(公平會108年委託研究期末報告),公平交易委員會,2019年。
    4. 郭戎晉,〈網路薦證廣告法律規範之研究〉,《科技法律透析》,27卷2期,
    2015年。
    5. 陳皓芸、楊燕枝、汪志勇、杜怡靜、王震宇,〈公平交易法對網路廣告之適用與因應〉,《公平交易季刊》,28卷3期,2020年。
    6. 黃銘傑,〈行政罰法第6條第3項與公平交易法之域外適用〉,《臺大法學評論》,
    53卷3期,2024年。
    7. 楊宏暉,〈德國 2022 年不正競爭防止法新法關於資訊透明化之規範〉,
    《公平交易季刊》,31卷4期,2023年。
    8. 楊智傑、王思原,〈不公平競爭法規對新興薦證廣告之適用與因應:美國、
    加拿大、英國、臺灣之比較〉,《公平交易季刊》,29卷3期,2021年。
    9. 楊智傑、劉姿汝、林郁翔、王思原,《公平交易法對新興薦證廣告之適用與因應》(109年委託研究報告),公平交易委員會,2020年。
    10. 楊智傑、劉姿汝、林郁翔、王思原,〈公平交易法對新興薦證廣告之適用與因應〉,《台灣第27屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會論文集》,2021年。
    11. 廖義男,《公平交易法》,元照出版社,2024年。
    12. 劉姿汝,〈論日本不實廣告之規範與運用兼論對我國法之啟示〉,《公平交易季刊》,27卷4期,2019年。
    13. 謝杞森,〈薦證廣告與薦證者之責任〉,《第17屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會論文集》,2010年。
    14. 魏杏芳,〈論公平交易委員會訂頒之處理原則〉,《法令月刊》,68卷7期,
    2017年。

    英文參考文獻
    1. Bannigan, Megan K. & Beth Shane, Towards Truth in Influencing: Risks and Rewards of Disclosing Influencer Marketing in the Fashion Industry, 64 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV.
    (2019–2020).
    2. Becker, Hila, Andrei Broder, Evgeniy Gabrilovich, Vanja Josifovski, & Bo Pang, Context Transfer in Search Advertising, in PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIE- VAL (James Allan ed., 2009).
    3. Boerman, Sophie C., Laura M. Willemsen & Eva P. Van Der Aa, This Post Is Sponsored., 38 J. INTERACTIVE MKTG. (2017).
    4. Broder, Andrei, Vanja Josifovski & Jayavel Shanmugasundaram, Introduct-ion to Display Advertising: A Half-Day Tutorial, in PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB SEARCH & DATA MINING (Irwin King, Wolfgang Nejdl & Hang Li eds., 2011).
    5. Campbell, Colin, & Pamela E. Grimm, The Challenges Native Advertising Poses: Exploring Potential Federal Trade Commission Responses and Iden-tifying Research Needs, 38 J. PUB. POL'Y & MKTG. (2018).
    6. Chen, Yubo & Jinhong Xie, Online Consumer Review: Word-of-Mouth as a New Element of Marketing Communication Mix, 54 MGMT. SCI. (2008).
    7. Cheung, Mei Lin, Guilherme Pires & Philip J. Rosenberger, The Influen- ce of Perceived Social Media Marketing Elements on Consumer–Brand En- gagement and Brand Knowledge,32 ASIA PAC. J. MKTG. & LOGISTICS (2020).
    8. Ghose, Anindya & Sha Yang, An Empirical Analysis of Search Engine Advertising: Sponsored Search in Electronic Markets, 55 MGMT. SCI. (2009).
    9. Grigoriadis, Lazaros G., Comparing the Trademark Protections in Comparative and Keyword Advertising in the United States and European Union,
    44 CAL. W. INT'L L.J. (2014).
    10. Holmes, William C., FTC Regulation of Unfair or Deceptive Advertising: Current Status of the Law, 30 DEPAUL L. REV. (1981).
    11. Hovie, Kristin, That’s Hot: Influencer Stars Should Not Be Blind to Properly Disclosing Social Media Advertisements, 46 SUFFOLK TRANSNAT’L L. REV. (2023)
    12. Kulmala, Mikko, Niko Mesiranta & Petri Tuominen, Organic and Amplified eWOM in Consumer Fashion Blogs, 17 J. FASHION MKTG. & MGMT. (2013)
    13. Li, Hao, & Hui Yi. Lo, Do You Recognize Its Brand? The Effectiveness of Online In-Stream Video Advertisements, 44 J. ADVERT. (2015).
    14. Liu Jiangmeng, Cong Li, Yi Grace Ji, Michael North, & Fan Yang, Like It or Not: The Fortune 500’s Facebook Strategies to Generate Users’ Ele-ctronic Word-of-Mouth, 73 COMPUTERS IN HUM. BEHAV. (2017).
    15. Phippen, Keisha, Are You Influencing Responsibly? , NAT’L L. REV. (2021)
    16. Schultheiß, Sebastian, & Dirk Lewandowski, How Users' Knowledge of Advertisements Influences Their Viewing and Selection Behavior in Search Engines,72 J. ASS'N INFO. SCI. & TECH. (2021).
    17. Sivic, Josef, & Andrew Zisserman, Efficient Visual Search of Videos Cast as Text Retrieval, 31 IEEE TRANS. PATTERN ANAL. & MACH. INTELL. (2009).
    18. TECHSCI RESEARCH, DIGITAL ADVERTISING MARKET – GLOBAL INDUSTRY SIZE, SHARE, TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, AND FORECAST, SEGMENTED, BY PLATFORM, BY ADVERTISING FORMAT, BY END-USER VERTICAL, BY REGION & COMPETITION, 2019–2029F (2024).
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律科際整合研究所
    109652002
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109652002
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[法律科際整合研究所] 學位論文

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