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    Title: 認老乎？探索台灣老年人內隱與外顯老化態度與身心健康狀態之關聯性
    Authors: 吳治勳
    Contributors: 心理系
    Keywords: 老化刻板印象;老化自我覺知;生活品質;功能性健康;對自我與他人的老化態度差異
    Aging Stereotype;Self-Perception of Aging;Quality of Life;Functional Health;Difference between self and other in attitude toward aging
    Date: 2016
    Issue Date: 2017-05-17 15:32:59 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 台灣已面臨社會高齡化問題，但目前僅以「照顧」的觀點來因應並不適當，更應思考老年人如何能保有其自主性，並持續貢獻社會。關鍵可能在於對「老」的態度上。本研究之原始設計希能藉由三年之長期追蹤，試圖由「內隱/外顯」以及「自我/他人」等兩個面向來探討「對老的態度」、「健康」及「生活品質」的關係。本年度利用臨床樣本，先探討外顯「自我/他人」對老的態度上，與「主觀健康狀態」、「客觀功能性健康」、「負向情緒」、及「生活品質」的關係；並由IAT原發展團隊處取得台灣使用者於「年齡」內隱態度測驗的資料進行分析，以初步了解台灣人於此測驗上的表現。在臨床研究部份，本研究於教學醫院家庭醫學部與老年醫學部門診進行，共有151位參與研究(52.3%女性)，參與者平均年齡為80.10 ±5.76歲。資料分析上以描述統計、t檢定、階層迴歸、及徑路分析等方法進行。單一樣本t檢定發現「正、負向老化差異分數」均顯著不為0 (正向 = 1.41± 2.90，p = .000；負向= -3.13±2.90 p =.000)，表示對自己之「正向老化自我覺知(PSPA)」顯著高於對他人之「正向老化刻板印象(PAST)」，而對自己之「負向老化自我覺知(NSPA)」則顯著低於對他人之「負向老化刻板印象(NAST)」。獨立樣本t結果發現女性NAST分數顯著高於男性。階層迴歸分析結果發現預測功能性健康(如ADL與IADL)及客觀身體功能(走路速度、SPPB總分、SPPB三個分項分數)時，負向老化差異分數有顯著預測力；預測主觀功能性健康(COOP/WONCA)與生理生活品質時，PAST、NAST、及負向老化差異分數均有顯著預測力；預測憂鬱情緒分數(GDS15)、整體與心理面向生活品質時，PAST、NAST、及正、負向老化差異分數均有顯著預測力；預測社會與環境面向生活品質時，PAST與正向老化差異分數有顯著預測力。徑路分析結果顯示，在老化態度部份PAST對 PSPA與NSPA的路徑均顯著，NAST對NSPA的路徑顯著，但對PSPA的則不顯著。在預測ADL、IADL、WONCA、走路速度及SPPB總分時，NSPA對上述主、客觀功能性健康變項的預測路徑均顯著；在預測憂鬱情緒與整體生活品質時，來自PAST、PSPA、及NSPA的路徑均顯著。在預測各面向生活品質的部份，NAST、PSPA、及NSPA對生理面向生活品質的路徑顯著；PSPA與NSPA對心理面向生活品質的路徑顯著；PSPA與NAST對社會面向生活品質的路徑顯著，且NAST為正向預測，即NAST較高者，社會面向生活品質會較佳；而PSPA對環境面向生活品質的路徑顯著。對年齡之內隱關連測驗（IAT）研究部份，取得哈佛大學研究網站2011-2015年間於該網站上進行年齡IAT共2926筆之台灣人的資料，其中完成IAT測驗之1238(42.3%)筆資料納入分析。單因子變異數分析結果顯示，在報告對老年人與年輕人的喜好分組上，「喜歡年輕人組」之D分數(0.54)顯著高於「喜歡老年人組(0.45)」與「同樣喜歡組(0.48」，但三組的D分數均顯著偏向喜歡年輕人。上述結果初步反應出對自我與他人的老化態度不一致應是存在的，而在臨床應用上則支持協助改變個人對自己的「老化自我覺知」，也就是對自己的老化有多一點正向，少一點負向的評價，而不一定需要修正對老的整體刻板印象，即會對個人的健康狀態與生活品質有正向的影響。
    Attitude toward aging might be a key factor to keep older adults active, healthy and having a better quality of life. The current study aim to explore the relationships of“explicit attitude toward aging (self/others),““functional and subjective health,“ “depressive emotion,“ and “quality of life (QOL).“ The study took place at family medicine OPD and Geriatric OPD in a medical center in northern Taiwan. A total of 151 (52.3% female) participants with a mean age of 80.10 ± 5.76 years joined the study. Results show that participants have a higher “Positive Self-Perception of Aging (PSPA)“ score over“Positive Aging Stereotype (PAST),“ and a lower
    “Negative Self-Perception of Aging (NSPA)“ score over“Negative Aging Stereotype (NAST),“ significantly. The results of hierarchical regression indicate that the difference score between NSPA and NAST is a significant predictor of functional health (ADL, IADL, walking speed,
    balance, and chair rise score ), subjective health, depressive emotion, and QOL(total, physical, and
    psychological). The difference score between PSPA and PAST is a significant predictor of depressive emotion, and QOL (total, psychological, social, and environmental). Results of path analysis showed that PAST predicts PSPA and NSPA, and NAST predicts NSPA, significantly. NSPA serves as a significant mediator while predicting subjective health, depressive emotion, and QOL (total, physical, and psychological). PSPA serves as a significant mediator while predicting depressive emotion, and QOL (total, physical, psychological, social, and environmental). These results support the differences between aging attitude toward self and others exists. Altering self-perception of aging, but not necessarily stereotypes, could be beneficial to one‘s health and quality of life.
    Relation: MOST 104-2410-H-004-003
    Data Type: report
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Psychology] NSC Projects

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