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    Title: 自招危難與阻卻違法-評最高法院九八年度台上字第六七四九號判決
    Authors: 許恒達
    Contributors: 法律系
    Date: 2010-08
    Issue Date: 2017-10-06 14:32:24 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本篇文章涉及之爭點,行為人因自身之過失導致緊急避難情狀時,得否適用緊急避難阻卻違法?我國實務與通說認為,過失犯仍可成立緊急避難。不過,若行為人自己引起緊急避難的危難情狀(亦即學說上所稱自招危難),我國實務向來否認行為人得因緊急避難阻卻違法。其理由係過失引起危難狀態,倘又可以把危難轉嫁他人而不成罪,無異鼓勵行為人不必盡注意義務保護法益。
    最高法院向來均認為:「行為人『過失』引起危難,不得適用緊急避難」,這裡的「過失」,其實是「可歸責的前行為」,而不是後行為成立的過失犯構成要件。換言之,實務見解的真意是:當後行為的避難情狀可歸責於前行為時,不得適用緊急避難以阻卻違法。
    據此,在自招危難案例中,德國通說不直接排除適用緊急避難,但把操作重心推移至優越利益區塊,而導出無從阻卻違法的見解,許老師認為是較合理的操作方式,不僅適合解釋我國實證法,結論上亦可茲贊同。
    Relation: 台灣法學雜誌, No.157, pp.199-202
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Law] Periodical Articles

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