政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/116791

政大典藏 > College of Social Science > Master for Eminent Public Administrators > Theses > Item 140.119/116791

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/116791

Title:	我國公務人員公共服務動機之研究：影響因素與其變化 A Study on Public Service Motivation of Civil Service in Taiwan: Influencing Factors and Changes
Authors:	王品惟 Wang, Pin Wei
Contributors:	蕭武桐王品惟 Wang, Pin Wei
Keywords:	公務人員公共服務動機影響因素動機變化趨勢 Public servant Public service motivation Influencing factors Motivation change trend
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2018-04-09 16:04:13 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	摘要　　公共服務動機理論在1990年被提出後，迅速成為了公共行政研究的熱點，不同於新公共管理主張公務人員是理性自利，若無利可圖將不會採取行動的觀點，政府的「公共性」特徵，合理化了公共服務動機理論主張公務人員應重視內在性的激勵誘因，包含公共服務對他們的吸引力、對公共價值有所承諾、具有同情心或願意為公共利益自我犧牲等，隨之陸續發展出各家論點以及不同的動機測量方式。　　在相關研究中，使用多構面的量表測量最具規模，然而公共服務動機相關研究已有二十餘年，實有必要獨立進行質性研究以獲得更紮實、深入的瞭解，因此，在無前例可循之下，本研究在現有量表基礎上，自行設計訪談大綱，並選擇我國中央及地方行政機關10位業務單位公務人員作為研究對象，除了瞭解我國公務人員的公共服務動機程度外，更重要的是，探討成為公務人員後，影響個人公共服務動機的組織內、外部因素及動機變化情形。　　研究結果發現，我國公務人員展現較多「同情心」與「自我犧牲」特質，「公共服務的吸引力」與「公共價值的承諾」則相對較難察覺，且隨著年資增加，其公共服務動機逐漸遞減者居多，在影響因素上，機關首長與主管的領導方式、業務內容、考績獎懲制度、組織文化，以及公務人員社會信任與形象、年金改革的過程與爭議都在不同階段、以不同方式不同程度地影響其公共服務動機。本研究據此分別提出短期、中長期的實務建議如下，以提升我國公務人員公共服務動機：短期可分為營造良好的組織文化、建構友善公務環境、使公務人員感知自身業務的「價值」三大建議，並分別可從加強各層級主管的教育訓練、落實工時與休假制度、依政府財政狀況適時給予物質性誘因、以尊重與關懷方式鼓勵業務輪調、按實際需求辦理教育訓練等層面著手；長期則提出合理調整俸給結構、建立公平合理的獎優汰劣機制，以及對公務人員的尊重應先由政府自身做起等建議，期能提供作為一政策性參考。 Abstract Since 1990 when Public Service Motivation (PSM) was brought out, it quickly became a hot study among the study of Public Administration. Unlike New Public Management (NPM), where it claims that public servants to be rational and self-interest based, and that no action would be taken if a situation being unprofitable, the “Publicness” of a government rationalizes the PSM theory where it claims that public servants should value internal incentive, including the attraction of public service, the commitment to public value and compassion or self-sacrifice for public interest, from which different theories and motivation measurement methods are developed accordingly. Among relevant researches the scale measurement using multidimensional construct are of largest scale. However it has more than twenty year history since the study of PSM and is necessary to conduct qualitative study for more solid and deeper understanding. Therefore, under unprecedented circumstance, with existing scale basis and self designed interview outline, the study chooses public servants from 10 Taiwan central and local government authorities as subjects for the purpose of the PSM level of our public servants, and more important, the internal and external organizational factors and motivation changes that affect individual public service motivation after becoming a public servant. According to the research, Taiwanese public servants show more qualities of “empathy” and “self-sacrifice”, less “the appeal of public service” and “the commitment of public value”, and the longer one serves as a public servant, the more the decrease of public service motivation. On the affecting factors, the leading methods of authority chiefs and directors, public affairs genres, audit, awards and punishment, organizational culture, the process and dispute of annuity reform have all affected the public service motivation at different stages with different ways, and on different levels. To offer as a policy reference, the study makes shot-term, mid-term and long-term practical suggestions accordingly so as to enhance PSM of Taiwanese public servants: 3 short-term suggestions are, a positive organizational culture, friendly public affairs service environment, allowing the public servants to feel the “value” of their own service. To start with, enhance trainings for supervisors of different levels, the implementation of working hours and off-day system, proper material incentives based on government financial status,encouraging internal job rotations in a caring and respectful manner, arranging trainings according to actual needs; for long-term suggestions, reasonable adjustment of payment structure, fair and reasonable award and elimination system, and the government itself to pay respect to the public servants.
Reference:	參考文獻王中天（2010）。當社會信任遇見政治信任－對政治文化觀點的整合與檢驗。臺灣民主季刊，7（4），47-83。王美慧、唐資文、曾秋蘭（2007）。公部門組織文化、員工工作滿足、全面品質管理與服務品質滿意度之研究。品質學報，14（1），1-15。吳宗憲（2012）。台南市政府文官公共服務動機與工作滿意、工作努力意願之實證研究—以個人∕組織配適度作為調節變項。公共行政學報，43，91-126。吳定（編）（2013）。公共政策辭典（再版）。台北：五南圖書。吳定、張潤書、陳德禹、賴維堯、許立一（編）（2007）。行政學（下）（修訂再版），台北：國立空中大學。吳紹宏（2010）。公務員的工作滿意度、組織承諾與公共服務動機的關係探討－以澳門特區政府公務員為例。中國人力資源開發，9，104-106。吳煥烘（2012）。學校行政領導理論與實務。台北：五南圖書。吳嘉苓（2015）。訪談法。載於瞿海源、畢恆達、劉長萱、楊國樞（編），社會科學及行為科學研究法：質性研究法（33-62頁）。台北：東華書局。李美枝（2002）。社會心理學－理論研究與應用。台北：文笙書局。周秀芳（2015）。公共服務動機與個人／組織契合度對服務導向組織公民行為之影響－以大學行政人員為例。私立淡江大學碩士學位論文，未出版，台北。林本炫（2007）。不同質性研究方法的資料分析比較。載於周平、楊弘任，質性研究方法的眾聲喧嘩（127-150頁）。高雄：復文。林玉雯（2015）。公共服務動機量表與前導因子之實證研究。國立暨南國際大學博士學位論文，未出版，南投。林芳如（2010）。台灣民眾的政府績效感受與政府信任。國立政治大學博士學位論文，未出版，台北。林昱彰（2016）。公共服務動機解釋因素之研究—以台北市政府公務人員為例。私立淡江大學碩士學位論文，未出版，台北。孫同文、許耿銘（2014）。橘淮為枳：公共服務動機指標適用性的分析。民主與治理，1（1），33-52。耿曙（2004）。質性資料分析。載於陳義彥（召集人），國立政治大學第11期「研究方法研習營」－質性研究方法導論。未出版。許道然（2002）。組織公民行為研究，空大行政學報，12，113-145。梁世武（1994），一九九四年年台北市長選舉之預測：候選人形象指標預測模式之驗證。選舉研究，2，97-130。張其祿（2015）。公共服務動機概念操作與應用之研究紀要。中國行政評論，21（1），1-14。張苙雲（1997），當代台灣社會的信任與不信任。載於張苙雲、呂玉瑕、王甫昌（編），九零年代的台灣社會（295-332頁）。台北：中央研究院社會學研究所。張苙雲（1998），從不穩定的口碑到主要的求醫場所：台灣西醫的制度信任建構。人文及社會科學研究彙刊，8（1），161-183。張苙雲（2000），制度信任及行為的信任意涵。台灣社會學刊，23，179-222。張春興（2009）。現代心理學。台北：台灣東華。張春興（2011）。張氏心理學辭典。台北：台灣東華。陳衍宏（2011）。迎向「新公共服務（NPS)」的具體實踐。研習論壇，125，25-36。陳重安、許成委（2016）。公共服務動機：回顧、反思與未來方向。公共行政學報，51，69-96。陳欽春（2004）。民主治理與社會資本：台灣地區公民信任實證研究。國立臺北大學博士學位論文，未出版，台北。陳甦彰、陳宛婷（2011）。求職者認知之連鎖便利商店企業形象對求職意願之影響。管理實務與理論研究，5（1），1-17。畢恆達（2010）。教授為什麼沒告訴我：2010全見版。台北：小畢空間。蔡良文（2010）。人事行政學－論現行考銓制度。台北：五南圖書。黃靖麟（2015）。社會困境與文官公共服務動機。中華行政學報，16。125-141。潘瑛如（2011）。公共服務動機與基礎訓練滿意度及成效之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學博士學位論文，未出版，台北。潘瑛如、李隆盛（2015）。初薦任公務人員公共服務動機及其前因之探究。文官制度季刊，7（1），35-69。潘淑滿（2003）。質性研究：理論與應用。台北：心理。謝九如（2017）。臺灣民眾對公警軍三類人員政治信任變遷之研究～以2001年至2014年四波調查分析為例。臺灣大學國家發展研究所碩士學位論文，未出版，台北。戴連勝（2009）。個人受組織影響公共服務動機之研究－以北海岸五鄉鎮第一線公務人員為例。國立臺北大學碩士學位論文，未出版，台北。羅捷（2015）。公共部門組織文化在提升公共服務能力中的作用。經營管理者，4Z，290-291。劉世閔（編）（2006）。質性研究資料分析與文獻格式之運用—以QSR N6與EndNote 8為例。台北：心理出版社。 TVBS民意調查中心（2010）。公務員考績法修正草案民調，2017年11月2日，取自：http://www.tvbs.com.tw/poll-center。 Basit, T. (2003). Manual or electronic? The role of coding in qualitative data analysis. Educational Research, 45(2), 143-154. Blonchek, R. M. (1998). Attracting, motivating and retaining people by branding your workplace. The Human Resources Professional, 11, 23-27. Boulding K. E. (1969). The image knowledge in life and society. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press. Bozeman, B., & Su, X. (2015). Public service motivation concepts and theory: A critique. Public Administration Review, 75(5), 700-710. Brewer, G. A., & Selden, S. C. (1998). Whistle blowers in the federal civil service: New evidence of the public service ethic. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(3), 413-440. Brewer, G. A., Selden, S. C., & Facer, R. L. (2000). Individual conceptions of public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 60(3), 254-264. Bright, L. (2005). Public employees with high levels of public service motivation: Who are they, where are they, and what do they want? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 25(2), 138-154. Bright, L. (2007). Does person-organization fit mediate the relationship between public service motivation and the job performance of public employees? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 27(4), 361-379. Brower, H. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Tan, H. H. (2000). A model of relational leadership:The integration of trust and leader-member exchange. Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 227-250. Bruce, W. (1994). Ethical people are productive people. Public Productivity & Management Review, 17(3), 241-252. Burns., J. H. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper &; Row. Cable, D. M., & Judge, T. (1994). A. Pay preference and job search choice: A person-organization fit perspective. Personnel Psychology, 47(2), 317-348. Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (1999). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture based on thecompeting values framework. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. Camilleri, E. (2007). Antecedents affecting public service motivation. Personnel Review, 36(3), 356-377. Colman, A. M. (2007). A dictionary of psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Coursey, D. H., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). Public service motivation measurement testing an abridged version of Perry`s proposed scale. Administration & Society, 39(5), 547-568. Crewson, P. E. (1997). Public-service motivation: building empirical evidence of incidence and effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7(4), 499-518. Deal, T. E., & Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate cultures: The rites and rituals of corporate life. MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. DeHart-Davis, L., Marlowe, J., & Pandey, S. K. (2006). Gender dimensions of public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 66(6), 873-887. Denhardt, R. B., & Denhardt, J. V. (2000). The new public service: Serving rather than steering. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 549-559. Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2001). The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science, 12(4), 450-467. Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628. Giddens, (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford：Stanford University Press. Herzog, T. R. (1996). Research methods and data analysis in the social sciences. New York : HarperCollins Colege. Houston, D. J. (2000). Public-service motivation: A multivariate test. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(4), 713-728. Houston, D. J. (2006). “Walking the walk” of public service motivation: Public employees and charitable gifts of time, blood, and money. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(1), 67-86. Kim, S. (2009). Testing the structure of public service motivation in Korea: A Research Note. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 19(4), 839-851. Kim, S., & Vandenabeele, W. (2010). A strategy for building public service motivation research internationally. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 701-709. Kim, S., Vandenabeele, W., Wright, B. E., Andersen, L. B., Cerase, F. P., Christensen, R. K., . . . Liu, B. (2013). Investigating the structure and meaning of public service motivation across populations: Developing an international instrument and addressing issues of measurement invariance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23(1), 79-102. Kvale, Steinar (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative reserch interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Lewis, D. J., &; Weigert, A. (1985). Trust as a social reality. Social Forces, 63(4), 967-985 Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. London: Sage. March, J.G., & Olsen, J.P. (1989). Rediscovering institutions: The organizational basis of politics. New York: The Free Press. Merrill, J. C. (1962). The image of the united states in ten mexican dailies. Journalism Quarterly, 39(2), 203-209. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Moynihan, D. P. (2006). Managing for results in state government: Evaluating a decade of reform. Public Administration Review, 66(1), 77-89. Moynihan, D. P., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). The role of organizations in fostering public service motivation. Public Administration Review, 67(1), 40-53. Naff, K. C., & Crum, J. (1999). Working for America. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 19(4), 5-16. O`Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516. Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier Syndrome. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books. Organ, D. W. (1990). The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (eds.) , Research in Organizational Behavior, Greenwich, CT：JAI Press, 12, 43-72. Ouchi, W. G. (1981). Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge. New York : Avon Books. Perry, J. L. (1996). Measuring public service motivation: An assessment of construct reliability and validity. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(1), 5-22. Perry, J. L. (1997). Antecedents of public service motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7(2), 181-197. Perry, J. L. (2014). The motivational bases of public service: foundations for a third wave of research. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 36(1), 34-47. Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: Twenty years of research and an agenda for the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681-690. Perry, J. L., & Porter, L. W. (1982). Factors affecting the context for motivation in public organizations1. Academy of Management Review, 7(1), 89-98. Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review, 367-373. Rainey, H. G. (1982). Reward preferences among public and private managers: In search of the service ethic. The American Review of Public Administration, 16(4), 288-302. Rainey, H. G., & Steinbauer, P. (1999). Galloping elephants: Developing elements of a theory of effective government organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9(1), 1-32. Robbins, S. P.,& Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior. Boston, Mass.: Pearson. Romzek, B. (1990). Employee investment and commitment: The ties that bind. Public Administration Review, 50(3):374-82. Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. Cambridge, Mass: Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing As qualitative research : A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3rd ed). New York: Teachers College Press. Simmel, G. (1950). The sociology of Gerog Simmel. New York: Free Press. Taylor, J. (2007). The impact of public service motives on work outcomes in Australia: a comparative multi‐dimensional analysis. Public Administration, 85(4), 931-959. Taylor, J. (2008). Organizational influences, public service motivation and work outcomes: An Australian study. International Public Management Journal, 11(1), 67-88. Vandenabeele, W. (2007). Toward a public administration theory of public service motivation - An institutional approach. Public Management Review, 9(4), 545-556. Vandenabeele, W. (2008). Government calling: Public service motivation as an element in selecting government as an employer of choice. Public Administration, 86(4), 1089-1105. Vandenabeele, W. (2009). The mediating effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on self-reported performance: more robust evidence of the PSM-performance relationship. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 11-34. Vandenabeele, W. (2014). Explaining public service motivation: The role of leadership and basic needs satisfaction. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 34(2), 153-173. Wright, B. E., & Pandey, S. K. (2008). Public service motivation and the assumption of person - Organization fit: Testing the mediating effect of value congruence. Administration & Society, 40(5), 502-521.
Description:	碩士國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程 104921036
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1049210361
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[Master for Eminent Public Administrators] Theses

Files in This Item:

File	Size	Format
036101.pdf	2219Kb	Adobe PDF2	131	View/Open

社群 sharing

Loading...