政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/123096
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 112721/143689 (78%)
造访人次 : 49517316      在线人数 : 826
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/123096


    题名: 從世界貿易組織荷爾蒙案論預防原則之適用與發展
    The Application and Development of the Precautionary Principle from the WTO Hormones Case
    作者: 倪貴榮
    Ni, Kuei-Jung
    曾文智
    Tseng, Wen-Chih
    魏翠亭
    Wei, Tracy
    贡献者: 問題與研究
    关键词: 世貿組織/關貿總協;動植物檢疫協定;歐洲共同體;荷爾蒙牛肉;里約宣言;預防原則;不可回復之損害;科學的不可確定性;舉證責任;維也納公約;蝦與海龜案
    WTO/GATT;SPS;European Communities;Hormones Beef;Rio Declaration;Precautionary Principle;Unrecoverable Damage;Scien-tific Uncertainty;Burden of Proof;Vienna Convention;Shrimp/Turtle Case
    日期: 2002-11
    上传时间: 2019-04-18 14:20:28 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 歐洲共同體對美國及加拿大之含有荷爾蒙的牛肉之進口限制，使世貿組織（WTO）有機會檢驗會員國為了保護國民健康而制訂的貿易限制措施，於何限度下可為WTO新定的「動植物檢疫協定（簡稱SPS協定）」所容認。此外更引人注意者，為本案中歐體提出了在環境法律與政策中感形重要的以防原則，一則為貿易限制措施辯護，二則欲將舉證責任轉諸美、加承擔。儘管預防原則適用於具體個案時，其法律意涵難免不確定，但WTO處理該原則之適用的方式似乏說服力。既然WTO認定該爭端涉及環境與公眾健康的議題，即有義務考量超乎純粹的貿易法規之外的相關規。本案中，WTO直接以預防原則在國際環境法之地位未臻明確而拒絕適用，卻未討論以防原則與本案爭點的相關性。事實上，此論理方式也與維也納條約法公約的相關規定不盡相符。相反地，在小蝦案裡，WTO則妥適地援引、解釋了其他法律地位尚非確定的環境規則。為了贏得全球支持，WTO的判決理應順應一些重要的環境原則，只要其具相當的關連性且有助於案件之順利解決。
    The European Communities´ import ban on beef products with hormones from the U.S. and Canada provided a chance for the WTO to examine to what extent a trade restriction designed to protect national health may be justified by the newly-created WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary agreement, namely the SPS Agreement. In addition, the EC invoke the precautionary principle that has become an increasingly significant rule in environmental law and policies in order to vindicate the trade ban on one hand and shift the burden of proof to these North American nations on the other. Despite the inherent uncertainty of the legal implications of the precautionary principle in concrete cases, the way the WTO dealt with the application of the principle seems unsatisfactory. As the WTO judges disputes involving environmental and public health issues, it is bound to examine those relevant rules beyond pure trade rules. In this case, instead of examining the relevance of these rules to the case, the WTO simply rejected the application of this rule on the grounds that the precautionary principle´s status in international environmental law remains imprecise. Actually, the approach was at odds with the principle of treaty interpretation in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. In contrast, other environmental rules have been properly referred and interpreted in the Shrimp case, irrespective of its legal status. In order to win global support, the WTO judgment should accept some essential environmental principles as long as they may be relatively pertinent and help solve the dispute.
    關聯: 問題與研究, 41(6), 61-80
    数据类型: article
    显示于类别:[問題與研究 TSSCI] 期刊論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 描述 大小格式浏览次数
    370.pdf1273KbAdobe PDF2195检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈