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    Title: 我國第二類退除役官兵就業輔導政策之研究
    A Study on the Empolyment Service policy of Second-typed Veterans in Taiwan
    Authors: 廖芳娜
    Liao, Fang-Na
    Contributors: 成之約
    Cheng, Chih-Yu
    廖芳娜
    Liao, Fang-Na
    Keywords: 募兵制
    失業
    第二類退除役官兵
    Conscription system
    Unemploymen
    Second-typed veterans
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-03-01 17:40:33 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 我國兵役制度朝向募兵制,且為政府重要之施政工作,國防部負責志願役官士兵招募及訓練工作,國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會(以下簡稱退輔會)則是負責規劃完善退輔措施。退輔會因應募兵制推動,支持兵役政策轉型,依「募兵制實施計畫」,考量退除役官兵需求,規劃對募兵制短、中役期之退除役官兵的輔導措施,研擬募兵制退輔措施方案,前於民國102年6月20日奉行政院核定。退輔會並擬具「國軍退除役官兵輔導條例」第3條之1、第33條、第34條修正案及推動修法,民國104年12月30日奉總統公布,並經行政院民國105年4月1日定自民國105年3月1日施行,賦予「分類分級退輔措施」法源依據。
    然而,軍人之身分特殊,其職責為保家衛國,與一般人有所差異,第二類退除役官兵於軍中所受之訓練與一般就業市場所需之技能亦有明顯不同之處,導致其退役後,無法直接進入就業市場,成為失業人口。為進一步了解第二類退除役官兵後續之就業情形,故進行此研究,討論本島及離島之第二類退除役官兵就業之差異及退輔會現有之政策外,並參考美國及中國大陸對於退役軍人之就業制度,再透過相關對象之訪談回饋,探討我國現今政策是否有需改善的地方,並提出建議,以利協助退除役官兵進入勞動市場並順利就業。
    Our country`s military service system is oriented towards the recruitment system, and is an important administrative work of the government. The Veterans Affairs Council is responsible for the recruitment and training of volunteer officers and soldiers.
    Promoted by the recruitment system, the supports the Veterans Affairs Council transformation of the military service policy. According to the "Recruitment System Implementation Plan", it considers the needs of retired officers and soldiers, plans counseling measures for retired officers and soldiers with short and medium service periods, and develops recruitment system retirement assistance measures. The plan was previously approved by the Executive Yuan on June 20, 2013.
    The Retirement Association also proposed amendments to Article 3-1, Article 33 and Article 34 of the "The ROC Veterans Assistance Act" and to promote the amendment of the law, which was announced by the President on December 30, 2015, and approved by the Executive Yuan. On April 1, 2016, it was set to take effect on March 1, 2016, and it was given the legal basis for "classified and graded withdrawal of auxiliary measures".
    However, military personnel have a special status and their responsibilities are to protect the family and the country, which is different from that of ordinary people. The training of second-typed veterans in the military is also significantly different from the skills required by the general job market. As a result, after he retired, he could not directly enter the job market and became unemployed.

    In order to further understand the follow-up employment situation of second-typed veterans, this research is conducted to discuss the employment differences between second-typed veterans on the island and the outlying islands and the existing policies of the Retirement Association, and refer to the United States and mainland China. Regarding the employment system of retired military personnel, through interviews with relevant objects, we will discuss whether there is any room for improvement in our country`s current policies, and put forward suggestions to help second-typed veterans enter the labor market and find employment smoothly.
    Reference: 一、機關資料
    國軍退除役官兵安置基金109 年度預算評估報告目錄。
    監察院一○二年度專案調查研究報告(2014),〈國軍志願役退伍官兵就業安置成效之檢討專案調查研究報告〉。
    張玲玲(2019),中共退役軍人安置與上訪問題之研究,國防雜誌第34卷第1期。
    陳勁甫(2018),美國退輔優待政策發展與理念對我國之啟示,國家菁英NO.412第11卷第1期。
    國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會編(2021),退除役官兵輔導統計要覽,國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會發行。
    江泯欽, 蔡英良(2007),政府再造理論與實務 : 行政院國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會的個案分析,國立編譯館。
    國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會111年度施政計畫。
    二、期刊論文
    張揚興(2016),協助志願役退除役官兵就業轉銜,台灣勞工季刊第47期,頁21-30。
    戰場轉換-青壯年志願役退伍軍人轉業困境初探復興崗學報,88,頁 123-147。
    羅平飛(2006),〈借鑑與啟示:古巴、巴西退役軍人安置保障制度考察〉,《中國民政》,第4期,頁33-34。
    羅平飛(2006),〈軍人退役安置制度的國際比較〉,《政治學研究》,第1期,頁55。
    周唯中(1984),《我國退除役官兵就業輔導政策之研究》,國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文,頁9。
    楊瑞宗(1999),《台灣地區與大陸地區退伍軍人安置制度比較研究》,國立政治大學東亞研究所碩士論文,頁51。
    王德祥(2010),《退輔會榮民就養政策演變對榮民服務照顧的影響:以台東地區榮民之家為例》,國立臺東大學區域政策與發展研究所公共事務管理在職專班碩士論文,頁11。
    張家銘(2020),《中共退役軍人安置制度之研究》,國防大學政治作戰學院中共軍事事務研究所碩士論文,頁116。
    鄭國強(2020),《輔導退除役官兵就業之研究–以金門為例》,國立高雄大學高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文,頁69。
    張緯良、羅新興、梁成明(2004),《企業對於退伍軍人能力、特質與工作態度評價之研究》,頁5-6。
    三、參考網站
    國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會(https://www.va.gov/)
    桃園市榮民服務處(https://www.vac.gov.tw/mp-105.html)
    考選部(https://www.moex.gov.tw/)
    人民網(http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2017/1026/c1011-29609757.html)
    聯合新聞網(https://udn.com/news/story/122398/5698204)
    〈外國退役軍人管理保障機構什麼樣〉(http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2017/1026/c1011-29609757.html)
    朱廷春,〈外國軍人退役安置對我軍的幾點啟示〉,中國青年報,2010年9月10日(http://zqb.cyol.com/content/2010-09/10/content_3409901.htm)
    〈走近俄羅斯退役軍人管理機構〉,《中共退役軍人事務部》(http://www.mva.gov.cn/fuwu/xxfw/wgtyjr/201807/t20180720_13982.html)
    〈國外退役軍人事務管理模式的啟示〉,《中國軍網》,2016年3月10 日
    (https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/military/mbozgz6.html)
    <831撤軍大限從何來 美軍撤離阿富汗日期這樣定>(https://udn.com/news/story/122398/5698204)
    〈習主席為什麼決定裁軍30萬?〉,《中國軍網》,2016年10月10日(http://www.81.cn/jwsj/2016-10/10/content_7293940.htm)
    〈中國的社會保障狀況和政策〉,《國務院新聞辦公室》,2004年9月7日(http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/2004/Document/307904/307904.htm)
    〈2010年民政工作報告(內容提要)〉,《中華人民共和國民政部》(http://www.mca.gov.cn)
    〈軍官轉業安置司(國務院軍隊轉業幹部安置工作小組辦公室)〉,《中華人民共和國人力資源和社會保障部》(http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/jgzyzzs/ltxgbjzz/201301/t20130131_78467.html)
    〈全國退役士兵安置工作領導小組成立〉,《遼寧省政府公報》,2010年第21期政務通報(http://www.ln.gov.cn/)
    〈國防部:已完成戰區軍種指揮機關調整組建〉,《中國新聞網》,2016年2月1日(http://www.chinanews.com/m/mil/2016/02-01/7743377.shtml)
    李小平,〈上百名幹部編餘待分流 成都軍區善後辦怎麼辦?〉,《中國軍網》,2016年3月7日(http://www.81.cn/jwgz/2016-03/07/content_6945005_2.htm)
    曹昆、閻嘉琪,〈原七大軍區善後辦任務披露 包括安置編餘幹部〉,《解放軍報》(https://www.chinanews.com.cn/mil/2016/02-23/7768616_4.shtml)。
    房永智,〈推動退役軍人管理保障工作再上新臺階〉,《新華網》,2018年2月8日(http://www.xinhuanet.com/mil/2018-02/08/c_129808757.htm)
    〈中共中央印發「深化黨和國家機構改革方案」〉,《中國政府網》,2018年3月21日(http://big5.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2018-03/21/content_5276191.htm)
    〈新竹榮服處攜手敏實科大協力推動退除役官兵學用合一〉,《民眾新聞網》,2021年11月8日(https://www.mypeoplevol.com/Article/9566)
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (https://www-dol-gov.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-TW&_x_tr_hl=zh-TW&_x_tr_pto=op,sc)
    Turcotte, Tom, 2020/1.“Discharge Upgrading and Discharge Review,”The
    National Lawyers Guild(nlgmltf.org/publications/discharge-upgrades/)
    〈Find an ex-service organisation〉,《Australian Government Department of Veteran’s Affairs》(https://www.dva.gov.au/civilian-life/find-ex-service-organisation)
    〈Policy〉,《Indian Army Veterans Portal》(https://www.indianarmyveterans.gov.in/showfile.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=143&lid=119)
    四、國外文獻
    Kamarck, Kristy N., 2019. Military Retirement: Background and Recent
    Developments. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service,P.6。
    U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2020. FY 2020 Congressional Budget
    Justification Veterans’ Employment and Training Service. Washington D.C.:U.S. Department of Labor,P.4-P.8。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    勞工研究所
    104262020
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104262020
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202200307
    Appears in Collections:[勞工研究所] 學位論文

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