English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 112721/143689 (78%)
Visitors : 49520716      Online Users : 809
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    政大機構典藏 > 商學院 > 企業管理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/35062
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35062


    Title: 精品品牌奢侈量表建構之研究
    Constructing the Brand Luxury Scale
    Authors: 楊淳聿
    Yang,Chun-Yu
    Contributors: 周文賢
    Chou,Wen-Hshien
    楊淳聿
    Yang,Chun-Yu
    Keywords: 奢侈
    奢侈品牌
    炫耀性消費
    獨特性
    知覺品質
    享樂價值
    延伸自我
    驗證性因素分析
    多元尺度分析
    Luxury
    Luxury Brands
    Conspicuous Consumption
    Uniqueness
    Perceived Quality
    Hedonic
    Extended-Self
    CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis
    MDS: Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis
    Date: 2006
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 13:42:04 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 「奢侈平民化」帶動奢侈品牌年年高成長的業績,卻迫使品牌必須面對截然不同的消費者態度與品味。品牌欲持續保有強勢地位,必須了解奢侈在消費者心目中的意義以及消費者如何評估奢侈品牌。因此,本研究欲探討台灣精品消費者認知中構成品牌奢侈的因素,建構衡量品牌奢侈之量表,並以量表探討消費者購買經驗對奢侈認知之影響,及分析個別品牌的現況及優劣勢,研擬具體的競爭策略方向。
    本研究選取五個奢侈品牌作為分析標的,進行實證研究,期望達到下列研究目的:
    (1)驗證品牌奢侈量表,建立評估奢侈品牌的管理工具;
    (2)探討不同奢侈品牌購買經驗之消費者對各品牌奢侈認知的差異性;
    (3)探討各奢侈品牌在消費者心目中的知覺定位,擬定未來的策略方向。
    依本研究之目的,擬定研究架構及確立抽樣設計,並發放問卷收集消費者資訊。之後以二階驗證性因素分析檢驗品牌奢侈量表模式品質;再利用量表探討不同購買經驗對奢侈認知的影響;最後則以多元尺度分析進行知覺定位分析,經實證分析得到以下研究發現:
    (1)品牌奢侈包含知覺炫耀性、知覺獨特性、知覺品質、知覺享樂價值與知覺延伸自我等五個構面,其影響力依序排列為知覺享樂價值>知覺延伸自我>知覺獨特性>知覺炫耀性>知覺品質。
    (2)台灣地區消費者於購買奢侈品牌之產品後,對品牌奢侈程度的認知無明顯地降低,對品牌的奢侈評價與無購買經驗者沒有顯著差異。
    (3)各奢侈品牌的改善重點主要包括知覺品質、知覺享樂價值以及知覺獨特性等三項,其中知覺品質為市場最重要之關鍵因素。
    根據實證分析之結果,衍生出許多的策略涵意,包括掌握關鍵因素、規劃競爭策略以及未來發展方向等,可以作為奢侈品牌改善或塑造奢侈形象及規劃策略方向的參考依據。
    “Luxury Democratization” brings great growth to the luxury goods market, but also forced these brands to confront consumers with different attitudes and tastes. As a result, it is critical for luxury brand managers to understand consumer’s perception of brand luxury in order to maintain the brands’ luxury image. This research focused on the confirmation of Brand Luxury Scale to understand Taiwanese cousumers’ perception of brand luxury. Based on the Scale, the influence of purchase experience to luxury perception was tested, and the competitive advantages of five luxury brands were analyzed. Competitive strategies of each brand were futher developed.
    Research was conducted by using five luxury brands and expected to achieve the following research purposes:
    (1)Confirm the Brand Luxury Scale to establish a managerial tool for brand luxuriousness evaluation;
    (2)Use the Brand Luxury Scale to evaluate the influence of purchase experience to luxury perception;
    (3)Use the Brand Luxury Scale to evaluate consumers’ perception of different brands, and seek to imply different competitive strategies for these brands base on the analysis.
    After the conduction of research framework, sampling design and data collection, Secondary Comfirmatory Factor Analysis was used to confirm the structure of Brand Luxury Scale. 1-Way ANOVA was used to test the influence of purchase experience to luxury perception. Finally, Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis was implied to analyze the perceptual position of each brand. The research findings are as below:
    (1)Brand Luxury is constructed by five dimensions: Perceived Conspicuousness, Perceived Uniqueness, Perceived Quality, Perceived Hedonic, and Perceived Extended-self. The order of dimensional influence is Perceived Hedonic> Perceived Extended -self> Perceived Uniqueness> Perceived Conspicuousness> Perceived Quality.
    (2)No difference in brand luxury perception between different purchasing experience consumers was found, showing that the perceptions of brand luxury of Taiwanese consumers’ remain unchanged after purchase.
    (3)Perceived Quality is the most important dimension of all, and the five luxury brands tested needs to improve in dimensions of Perceived Quality, Perceived Hedonic, and Perceived Uniqueness.
    According to the results, several managerial implications were derived, including key factors in marketing and competitive strategy of each brand. These strategies can be used in improving the performance of perceived luxuriousness of brand, enhancing brand luxury image, and planning the direction of luxury marketing and brand strategy.
    Reference: 中文部份
    (1) Kevin Drawbaugh著,葉思迪譯(2002),品牌定天下,培生教育出版集團
    (2) 何凱凌(2004),「以名牌精品消費考察台灣消費社會(1970-2004)」東吳大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
    (3) 呂玉鳳(2004),「精品業之人力資源管理與組織績效之關聯」國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
    (4) 李如環(2004),「精品代理商新產品引進決策流程之探討」國立台北大學企業管理學所碩士論文。
    (5) 谷曉茜(2002),「精品業之品牌及組織認定對員工效能的影響」國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
    (6) 周文賢(2002),多變量統計分析:SAS/STATISTICS使用方法,台北:智勝文化。
    (7) 邱皓政(2003),結構方程模式:LISREL的理論、技術與應用,台北:雙葉書廊。
    (8) 孫秀惠(2003),「買得起的奢華-精品民主化運動」,商業周刊第796期,pp. 64-65。
    (9) 張慧琴(2003),「精品市場之進口傢飾消費者行為研究-以國際扶輪社社員為例」,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
    (10) 郭黎憶(2003),「精品業經營策略之探討」國立中正大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
    英文部份
    (1) Aaker, D. A.(1991), Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name, New York: The Free Press.
    (2) Addis, M. and Holbrook, M. B. (2001), "On the Conceptual Link Beteen Mass Customization and Experiential Consumption: An Explosion of Subjectivity", (2th ed.), Journal of Consumer Behavior, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 50-66.
    (3) Allérès, D. (1990), “Luxe- Strategies Marketing”, Paris: Economica.
    (4) Bagozzi, R. P. and Y. Yi(1988), “On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Spring, Vol.16, No.1, pp. 74-94.
    (5) Bearden, W. O. and Etzel, M. J. (1982), "Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 9, pp. 183-194.
    (6) Belk, R. W. (1995)“Collecting as Luxury Consumption: Effects on Individuals and Households ”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 477-490
    (7) Belk, R. W. (1988)“Possessions and The Extended Self”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 15, September, pp. 139-168
    (8) Bentler, P. M. (1995), “EQS Structural Analysis With Latent Variables: Causal Modeling”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 31, pp. 419-456.
    (9) Berry, C.(1994), The Idea of Luxury, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    (10) Blodgett, J. G., D. H. Granbois, and R. G. Walers(1993), “The Effects of Perceived Justice on Complainants Negative Word of Mouth Behavior and Repatronage Intentions”, Journal of Retailing, Vol.69, pp. 399-428.
    (11) Boomsma, A.(1982), “Systems under Indirect Observation: PartⅠ”, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 149-173.
    (12) Brock, T. C. (1968), "Implications of Commodity Theory for Value Change", in A. G. Greenward, T. C. Brock, and T. M. Ostrom (Eds.), Psychological Foundations of Attitudes, pp. 243-275.
    (13) Carmines, E. and McIver, J. (1981), “Analyzing Models with Unobserved Variables: Analysis of Covariance Structures,” in G. Bohmstedt and E. Borgatta (eds.), Social Measurement: Current Issues, Beverly Hills, Calif : Sage, 1981.
    (14) Carty, B. (2003), "The Great Pretenders: The Magic of Luxury Goods", Business Strategy Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 10-17.
    (15) Comrey, A. L. (1973), A First Course in Factor Analysis, New York: Academic Press.
    (16) Cornell, A. (2002) “Cult of Luxury: The New Opiate of The Masses”, Australian Financial Review, 27th April, p. 47.
    (17) Chung, A. and Zaichkowsky, J. (1999), "Understanding Luxury Brands in Hong Kong", European Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 4, pp. 310-316.
    (18) DeVellis, R. E. (1991), “Scale Development: Theory and Applications”, Sage Publications Inc, Newbury Park, CA.
    (19) Dubois, B., and Czellar, S.( 2002), “Prestige Brands or Luxury Brands: An Exploratory Inquiry on Consumer Perceptions”, 31st European Marketing Academy Conference Proceedings, Braga Portugal: European Marketing Academy.
    (20) Dubois, B. and Duquesne, P. (1993a), “The Market for Luxury Goods: Income versus Culture”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 35-44.
    (21) Dubois, B. and Duquesne, P. (1993b), “Polarization Maps: A New Approach to Identifying and Assessing Competitive Position- The Case of Luxury Brands”, Marketing and Research Today, Vol. 21, May, pp.115-123.
    (22) Dubois, B., and Laurent, G.(1994), “Attitudes Towards the Concept of Luxury: An Exploratory Analysis.”, Asia-Pacific Advances for Consumer Research, Siew Leng Leong and Joseph Cote, eds., Vol 1, No. 2, pp. 273-78.
    (23) Dubois, B., and Laurent, G.(1995), “Luxury Possessions and Practices: An Empirical Scale”, European Advances in Consumer Research, Vol 2, pp. 69-77.
    (24) Dubois, B., Laurent, G., and Czellar, S. (2001), "Consumer Rapport to Luxury: Analyzing Complex and Ambivalent Attitudes", Consumer Research Working Paper, No. 736, HEC, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
    (25) Dubois, B., and Paternault, C.(1995) “Observations - Understanding the World of International Luxury Brands: The "Dream Formula", Journal of Advertising Research.
    (26) Duff, C. (1997), “Indulging in Inconspicuous Consumption”, Wall Street Journal, April 14, pp. 67-68.
    (27) Eastman, J. K., Goldsmith, R. E., and Flynn, L. R. (1999), "Status Consumption in Consumer Behavior: Scale Development and Validation", Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 41-51.
    (28) Ellis, L. (1985), “On The Rudiments of Possessions and Property”, Social Scinece Information, 24 (March), 113-143.
    (29) Feirstein, Bruce(1986), “Me, My Things and I”,New York Times Magazine, May 4, 18.
    (30) Frank, R. H. (1999), Luxury Fever: Why Money Fails to Satisfy in an Era of Excess, New York, Free Press.
    (31) Gardyn, R.(2002), “Oh, the Good Life”, American Demographics. Ithaca: Nov., Vol. 24, Iss. 10; pp. 30-35.
    (32) Garfein, R. T. (1989), “Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Dynamics of Prestige”, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.3, Summer, pp. 17-24.
    (33) Garvin, D. A.(1984), “What Does Product Quality Really Mean”, Sloan Management Review, Fall, pp. 25-43.
    (34) Ghiselli, E. E., Campbell, J. P., and Zedeck, S. (1981), "Measurement Theory for the Behavioral Sciences", San Francisco: Freeman.
    (35) Goldman, D.(1999), “Paradox of pleasure”, American Demographics, Ithaca: May, Vol. 21, Iss. 5, pp. 50-53.
    (36) Grandzol, J. R. and M. Gershon(1998), “A Survey Instrument for Standardizing TQM Modeling Research”, The International Journal of Quality Science, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 80-105.
    (37) Groth, J. C. and McDaniel, S. W. (1993), "The Exclusive Value Priciple: The Basis for Prestige Pricing", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 10-16.
    (38) Hirschman, E. C. and Holbrook, M. B. (1982), "Hedonic Consumption: Emerging Concepts, Methods and Propositions", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 46, Summer, pp. 92-101.
    (39) Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequence, London: Sage Publications.
    (40) Holbrook, M. B. and Hirschman, E. C. (1982), "The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 9, Sep., pp. 132-140.
    (41) Holt, D. B. (1995)“How Consumers Consume: A Typology of Consumption Practices”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 22, June, pp. 1-16
    (42) Hooper(1997), Japanese Shopping Habits. The Honolulu Advertiser.
    (43) Howard, J. A. and Sheth, J. N. (1969), "The Theory of Buyer Behavior ", New York, John Wiley and Sons.
    (44) Hu, L. T., P. M. Bentler, and Y. Kano(1992), “Can Test Statistics in Covariance Structure Analysis be Trusted?”, Psychological Bulletin, p. 112 and pp. 351-362.
    (45) Hu, L. T., and P. M. Bentler(1995), “Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications Evaluating Model Fit”, In R. H. Hoyle, Thousand Oaks, Sage, CA.
    (46) Hu, L. and Bentler. P. M. (1999), Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structural Equation Modeling, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    (47) Kapferer, J.-N. (1997), “Managing Luxury Brands”, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 251-260.
    (48) Kapferer, J.-N. (1998), “Why Are We Seduced by Luxury Brands?”, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 44-49.
    (49) Kemp, S. (1998), “Perceiving Luxury and Necessity”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 19, October, pp. 591-606.
    (50) Kotler, P. (2003), Marketing Management, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice -Hall.
    (51) Lancaster, K. (1971), Consumer Demand, Columbia University Press, New York.
    (52) Lawshe, C. H. (1975), “A quantitative approach to content validity”, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 564-575.
    (53) Leibenstein, H. (1950), "Bandwagon, Snobs and Veblen Effects for the Theory of Consumer’s Demand", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 64, May, pp. 183-207.
    (54) Lichtenstein, D. R., Ridgway, N. M., and Netemeyer, R. G. (1993), "Price Perceptions and Consumer Shopping Behavior: A Field Study", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 30, May, pp. 234-245.
    (55) Lipsey, R. G. (1989), “An Introduction to Positive Economics, 7th ed., Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
    (56) Lynn, M. (1991), "Scarcity Effects on Value: A Quantitative Review of the Commodity Theory Literature", Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 45-57.
    (57) Marcoux, J. S., Filiatrault, P., and Cheron, E. (1997), "The Attitude Underlying Preferences of Young Urban Educated Polish Consumers Toward Products Made in Western Countries", Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 5-29.
    (58) Mason, R. (1981), "Conspicuous Consumption", New York: St. Martin’s Press.
    (59) Mason, R. (1995), "Measuring the Demand for Status Goods: An Evaluation of Means-End Chains and Laddering", European Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 2, pp. 78-81.
    (60) McCracken, G. (1986), “Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 13, June, pp.71-84.
    (61) McDonald, R. P., M. R. Ho(2002), Principles and Practice in Reporting Structural Equation Analysis, Psychological Methods, 7th ed., pp. 64-82.
    (62) McKinsey Corporation (1990), The Luxury Industry: An Asset for France, McKinsey, Paris, France.
    (63) Mueller, R. O.(1996), Basic Principles of Structural Equation Modeling: An introduction to Lisrel and EQS, N. Y., Springer-Verlag.
    (64) Nia, A. and Zaichkowsky, J. L.(2000), “Do Counterfeits Devalue the Ownership of Luxury Brands?”, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 485-497.
    (65) Nueno, J. L., and Quelch, J. A.(1998), “The Mass Marketing of Luxury”, Business Horizons. Greenwich: Nov/Dec, Vol. 41, Iss. 6; pp. 61-68.
    (66) Nunnally, J. C. (1978)“Psychometric Theory”(2nd edn), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
    (67) O’Class, A. and Frost, H. (2002), "Status Brands: Examining the Effect of Non-Product-Related Brand Associations on Status and Conspicuous Consumption", The Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 67-86.
    (68) Peng, N. (2004), “Young Educated Consumers’ Attitude and Purchasing Behavior on Luxury Fashion Goods”, Working Paper, University of Birmingham.
    (69) Quelch, J. A.(1987), “Marketing the Premium Product”, Business Horizons, Vol.30, No. 3, pp. 38-45.
    (70) Phau, I. and Prendergast, G. (2000) “Consuming Luxury Brands: The Relevance of The “Rarity Principle” ”, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 122-138
    (71) Ram, J. (1994), “Luxury goods firm find a haven in Asia”, Asian Business, Vol. 30, July, pp.52-53.
    (72) Rao, A. R. and Monroe, K. B. (1989), “The Effect of Price, Brand Name, and Store Name on Buyers’ Perceptions of Product Quality: An Integrative Review”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.26, No. 3, pp. 351-357.
    (73) Richins, M. L. (1994a)“Valuing Things: The Public and Private Meanings of Possessions”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 21, December, pp. 504-521
    (74) Richins, M. L. (1994b)“Special Possessiona and The Expression of Materil Values”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 21, December, pp. 522-533
    (75) Rosenbaum, J. (1972), Is Your Volkswagen a Sex Symbol?, New York: Hawthorn.
    (76) Rosenberg, M. (1979), Conceiving the Self, New York: Basic Books.
    (77) Schmitt, B. H. and Simonson, A. (1997), "Marketing Aesthetics. The Strategic Management of Brands, Identity and Image", The Free Press, New York.
    (78) Scitovsky, T. (1992), The joyless economy : the psychology of human satisfaction New York : Oxford University Press, 1992 Rev. ed.
    (79) Sheth, J. N., Newman. B. I. and Gross, B. L. (1991), "Why We Buy What We Buy: A Theory of Consumption Values", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 159-170.
    (80) Silverstein, M. J., and Fiske, N. (2003), “Luxury for the Masses”, Harvard Business Review. Boston: Apr, Vol. 81, Iss. 4, pp. 48
    (81) Silverstein, M. J., Fiske, N., and Butman (2003), Trading Up: The New American Luxury, New York: Portfolio.
    (82) Snyder, C. R. and Fromkin, H. L. (1977), "Abnormality as a Positive Characteristic: The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Need for Uniqueness", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 86, No. 5, pp. 518-527.
    (83) Solomon, M. R. (1994), "Consumer Behavior", (2th ed.), Boston, MA.: Allyn and Bacon.
    (84) Spangenberg, E. R., Voss, K. E., and Crowley, A. E. (1997), "Measuring the Hedonic and Utilitarian Dimensions of Attitude: A Generally Applicable Scale", Advance in Consumer Research, Volume 24, pp. 235-241.
    (85) Steenkamp, J. B.(1990), “Conceptual Model of the Quality Perception Process”, Journal of Business Research, Vol.21, pp. 309-333.
    (86) Tamimi, N.(1998), “A Second-Order Factor Analysis of Critical TQM Factors”, The International Journal of Quality Science, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 71-79.
    (87) Tian, K. T., Bearden, W. O., and Hunter, G. L. (2001), "Consumers’ Need for Uniqueness: Scale Development and Validation", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 28, June, pp. 50-66.
    (88) Tuan, Y.-F. (1980), “The Significance of The Artifact”, Geographical Review, 70(4) , 462-472.
    (89) Veblen, T. (1899), "The Theory of the Leisure Class ", New York: Macmillan.
    (90) Verhallen, T. M. and Robben, H. S. (1994), "Scarcity and Preference: An Experiment on Unavailability and Product Evaluation", Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 15, June, pp. 315-331.
    (91) Vickers, J.S. and Renand, F.(2003), “The Marketing of Luxury Goods: An Exploratory Study - Three Conceptual Dimensions”, The Marketing Review, Vol. 3 (4), pp.459-478.
    (92) Vigneron, F. and Johnson, L. W.(1999), “A Review and a Conceptual Framework of Prestige-Seeking Consumer Behavior”, Academy of Marketing Science Review, Vol. 99, No.1.
    (93) Vigneron, F., and Johnson, L.W.(2004), “Measuring perceptions of brand luxury”, Journal of Brand Management, London: July, Vol. 11, Iss. 6, pp. 484-506.
    (94) Wagner, J. (1999), "Aesthetic Value: Beauty in Art and Fashion", in Holbrook, M. B. (Ed.), Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research, Routledge, London, pp. 126-146.
    (95) Weber, D., and Dubois, B.(1997) “The Edge of Dream: Managing Brand Equity in the European Luxury market," Values, Lifestyles, and Psychographics, L. R. Kahle and L. Chiagouris eds. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
    (96) Wong, N. Y., Ahuvia, A. C.(1998), “Personal Taste and Family Face: Luxury Consumption in Confucian and Western Societies”, Psychology & Marketing. Hoboken: Aug., Vol. 15, Iss. 5, pp. 423-441.
    (97) Zeithaml, V. A.(1988), “Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality and Value: A Means-End Model and Synthesis of Evidence”, Journal of Marketing, Vol.52, July, pp. 2-22.
    網站部份
    (1) Interbrand Corporation,http://www.interbrand.com/
    (2) Mintel International Group Ltd.,http://report.mintel.com/
    (3) Morgan Stanley Capital International,http://www.morganstanley.com/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    企業管理研究所
    92355066
    95
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923550661
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[企業管理學系] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    55066101.pdf60KbAdobe PDF21111View/Open
    55066102.pdf96KbAdobe PDF21130View/Open
    55066103.pdf257KbAdobe PDF21467View/Open
    55066104.pdf269KbAdobe PDF21167View/Open
    55066105.pdf491KbAdobe PDF21789View/Open
    55066106.pdf694KbAdobe PDF26689View/Open
    55066107.pdf820KbAdobe PDF29968View/Open
    55066108.pdf1056KbAdobe PDF22088View/Open
    55066109.pdf439KbAdobe PDF21767View/Open
    55066110.pdf498KbAdobe PDF22028View/Open
    55066111.pdf493KbAdobe PDF21127View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback