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    政大機構典藏 > 學術期刊 > 問題と研究 > 期刊論文 >  Item 140.119/137895


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137895


    Title: 急性期災害医療体制整備の政策過程：DMAT創設を事例に
    完善緊急時期災害醫療體制的政策過程：以創立DMAT為例
    An Analysis of Policy Process Focused on the Japanese Disaster Medical System in the Acute Phase: A Case Study of Establishing the ＂Japan DMAT＂
    Authors: 玉井亮子(Ryoko Tamai)
    Contributors: 問題と研究
    Keywords: DMAT ; 広域医療搬送 ; 災害医療体制 ; 修正ゴミ缶モデル ; 統治機構改革 
    DMAT ; 大範圍醫療運送 ; 災害醫療體制 ; 垃圾桶決策模式修正理論 ; 統治機構改革
    DMAT ; Wide-Area Medical Transportation ; Disaster Medical System ; Policy Window Model ; Institutional and Governance Reform
    Date: 2021-06
    Issue Date: 2021-11-18 15:10:05 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本稿では、「災害派遣医療チーム（DMAT：Disaster Medical Assistance Team－以下、DMATと記載）」のうち、「日本DMAT」創設を事例とし、現代日本における災害医療体制の整備状況を検討する。はじめに、DMATの制度を概観する。次に、DMAT創設の過程を追う。そこから、DMAT創設に時間を要した要因とともに、DMAT創設に至った要因を探る。一連の検討では、修正ゴミ缶モデルを用いながら、DMAT創設の過程分析を試みる。その際、専門家集団の活動と、統治機構改革の効果に、注目する。すなわち、政治家がDMATに関する事案に関心を持つ以前から、DMAT、広域医療搬送に関する政策案は別々に、厚生労働省内研究会で議論されていた。専門家集団による政策アイディアの蓄積と、その政策アイディアが現実の政策に結び付く様相が示される。また、首相の補佐体制強化を目的とした制度改革の効果が発揮されたことを示す。省庁間での調整が難しいことから実現しなかった案でも、政策運営上、首相が必要と判断した場合、統治機構改革によって誕生した制度を通じて、政策が実現する様相を描く。
    本文將以「災害派遣醫療團隊（DAMT, Disaster Medical Assistance Team），以下簡稱「DMAT」）中的「日本DMAT」為事例，檢討現代日本的災害醫療體制是否完善。首先，本文將先梳理DMAT整體制度。其次，追溯DMAT的創立過程。探討為何創立DMAT需要時間上的醞釀，以及能夠成功創立DMAT的因素。在這一連串的檢討中，本文將採用垃圾桶決策模式修正理論，嘗試分析DMAT創設的過程。並特別聚焦在專家團體的活動，與統治機構改革的成效。本文認為，早在政治家開始關心DMAT相關案例之前，DMAT、大範圍醫療運送相關政策方案，已在厚生勞動省內部研究會中經過充分議論。議論過程呈現專家團體對於政策想法的累積，以及如何將想法落實成為實際政策的樣貌。此外，也藉此反映當初以強化首相輔佐體制為目的之制度改革，確實發揮其效果。DMAT的事例顯現的是，過去即使有因高難度的跨部會協調而無法實現的案例，只要首相做出必須推動的決斷，再透過統治機構改革形成制度並加以運作後，就可望落實成為政策的過程。
    In this paper, we aim to examine the Japanese disaster medical system by using the case study of the establishment of the ＂Japanese DMAT (Disaster Medical Assistance Team).＂ We will first outline the institutional aspects of the DMAT. Next, it describes the process in which the DMAT was founded. The paper illustrates the exploration of what contextual factors influenced the delay in and what led to establishment of the DMAT. In a series of analyses, we attempt to analyze the process of the DMAT creation using the policy window model. Further, we also attempt to analyze the activities of the expert group and the certain effects of the institutional and governance reform. It revealed that, before politicians were interested in DMAT cases, policy proposals such as DMAT and wide-area medical transportation had been separately discussed in a study group within the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare research group. As a result, this fact shows that the expert group had already accumulated policy ideas and how those policy ideas were linked to actual policies. From this case, it also indicates the results of strengthening the support system for the prime minister. It depicts how even though it had been difficult to coordinate policies between the government ministries, certain policies are still created through the institutional and governance reform when the Prime Minister determines that certain policies are necessary for policy management.
    Relation: 問題と研究, 50(2), 107-146
    Data Type: article
    DOI 連結: https://doi.org/10.30391/ISJ.202106_50(2).0004
    DOI: 10.30391/ISJ.202106_50(2).0004
    Appears in Collections:[問題と研究] 期刊論文

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