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    题名: 人身保險給付與實質課稅問題之研究
    A Study on Life Insurance Pays and Substantial Taxation
    作者: 洪秀青
    Hung, Hsiu-Ching
    贡献者: 黃明聖
    Huang, Ming-Sheng
    洪秀青
    Hung, Hsiu-Ching
    关键词: 人身保險給付
    實質課稅原則
    遺產稅
    租稅公平
    Life Insurance Pays
    Substantive Taxation Principle
    Inheritance Tax
    Tax Fairness
    日期: 2023
    上传时间: 2023-08-02 14:17:42 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 稅捐機關近年來在保險給付課稅,對於早期認為身故保險金可完全不計入遺產總額課稅基礎,漸趨保留態度。為防止納稅義務人利用保單規避稅負,在民國102年公布保險給付8大態樣,以實質課稅原則適用向納稅義務人補單課稅,但因未能明確說明其內涵與審核標準,致納稅義務人與稅捐機關間爭議仍存在,屢屢衍生興訟的問題。
    本研究將從人身保險功能與內涵、租稅法律相關原則涵義與公平性、國際間主要國家對人身保險給付課稅方式、國內稅捐機關以8大態樣審核合理性等整體探討。特別是對人身保險死亡給付與遺贈稅爭點情形,就實質課稅原則以行政函釋溯及既往課稅程序適用之妥適性及合理性,歸納稅捐機關102年、109年8大態樣比對,進行相關綜整分析,據以研提相關具體解決方案,期能在現行機制作業下,提供主管機關日後調整檢討修正方向與未來修法之參考。
    本研究建議:一、儘速檢討修正8大特徵態樣,訂出日出條款。刪除有爭議態樣如短期投保、密集投保後,再次發布新解釋函令,並於特定的日期後才適用。二、參考國外經驗採用適格保單機制,可防止人民濫用保險給付免稅措施,並可降低徵納雙方在稅收遵從合規成本。三、檢討修正保險法,明定死亡給付免稅額門檻,可做為長期努力規畫方向。明定死亡保險給付金額在一定數額範圍內者免稅,超過部分,應按遺產稅納稅。以避免人民藉由投保規避課稅及誘發道德風險。
    In recent years, tax authorities have become more cautious regarding the taxation of insurance payouts, particularly in relation to the previous notion that death benefits should be entirely excluded from the taxable estate. To prevent taxpayers from using insurance policies to evade tax obligations, the tax authorities introduced eight specific patterns for insurance payouts in 2013. These patterns apply the principle of substantive taxation, requiring taxpayers to report and pay taxes on supplementary insurance policies. However, due to a lack of explicit definition and evaluation criteria, disputes between taxpayers and tax authorities continue to exist, leading to recurrent litigation problems.
    This study aims to comprehensively explore the functions and nature of life insurance, the principles and fairness of tax laws, the taxation methods applied to life insurance payouts in major countries internationally, and the rationality of the Tax Administration`s application of the eight specific patterns. Special focus will be given to the issues surrounding the taxation of life insurance death benefits and inheritance taxes. The suitability and reasonableness of applying the principle of substantive taxation through administrative interpretations and the application of past taxation procedures will be examined. By conducting a comparative analysis of the Tax Administration`s eight specific patterns in 2013 and 2020, relevant comprehensive analysis will be conducted. Based on this analysis, specific proposed solutions will be presented, aiming to provide the regulatory authorities with guidance for future adjustments, reviews, and legislative amendments within the current operational framework.
    This research proposes the following recommendations:
    1.Promptly review and revise the eight major characteristic patterns and establish a "sunrise clause." Controversial patterns such as short-term insurance and intensive insurance should be removed. New interpretive guidelines should be issued, and they should only be applicable after a specific date.
    2.Referring to foreign experiences, adopting a qualified life insurance policy mechanism can prevent people from abusing tax-exempt insurance benefits and reduce compliance costs for both taxpayers and the tax authority.
    3.Review and amend the Insurance Act to set a threshold for tax-exempt death benefits. This can serve as a long-term planning direction. Specify that death insurance benefits within a certain range are tax-exempt, while the portion exceeding the threshold should be subject to inheritance tax. This helps prevent individuals from using insurance policies to evade taxes and avoids inducing moral hazards.
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    110921003
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110921003
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

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