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| Title: | 詈罵與否：實證的觀點
Swearing or Non-Swearing? An Empirical Perspective |
| Authors: | 宋佳興
Sung, Chia-Hsing |
| Contributors: | 詹曉蕙
萬依萍
Chan, Shiao-Hui
Wan, I-Ping
宋佳興
Sung, Chia-Hsing |
| Keywords: | 髒話
語境效價
事件相關電位(ERP)
P200
晚期正向波(LPC)
Swearing
Contextual valence
Event-Related Potentials (ERP)
P200
Late Positive Component (LPC) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Issue Date: | 2025-08-04 15:05:09 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究透過兩個事件相關電位（Event-Related Potential, ERP）實驗，探討日常言談中髒話的神經處理過程。實驗聚焦在語境效價（正向或負向）和髒話位置（語境前或後）如何影響大腦對髒話的反應。雖然兩個實驗的行為分析結果均顯示高度的準確率，而且語境對髒話的反應沒有顯著影響，但 ERP 資料則顯示，髒話在早期和晚期處理階段呈現出不同的神經動態。
實驗一的設計是將髒話固定出現在由兩個句子所組成的正向或負向語境後面。其ERP 結果顯示，在 150−250 毫秒之間，發現了顯著性的 P200 效果：意即相較於中性字詞，髒話會在前腦區誘發較強的正向波，而負向語境則會在後腦區誘發 P200 效果。這些發現顯示了 P200 的功能分化：前腦區 P200 反映詞彙－情緒顯著性（即髒話），而後腦區 P200 則反映出語境情緒效價。值得注意的是，在後期視窗內（550−750 毫秒），觀察到語境與字詞顯著的交互作用：在正向情境後出現的髒話會比在負面情境中出現的髒話誘發更強的晚期正向波（LPC）。這顯示髒話與正向語境之間存在情緒的不一致，使得大腦需要重新分析。
實驗二進一步檢驗了髒話在語境句子之前或之後的位置是否會調節大腦對髒話的認知。ERP 結果表明，無論語境效價為何，出現在語境之前的髒話比出現在語境之後的髒話會誘發位於前腦區更早（8.8 毫秒）且更強的 P200 效果。這種效應可能反映了髒話在不受語境緩衝的情況下顯著性增強。此外，在正向語境後面使用髒話，會誘發略為增強的P200 效果。這再次顯示了情緒不一致性所造成的結果。雖然在晚期時間視窗中，正向語境會比負向語境引發更強的晚期正向波（LPC），但出現在不同位置的髒話之間並沒有發現顯著的差異性。
總結研究發現，髒話的神經處理過程具有時間動態性，且受情境影響。 P200 反映了早期階段詞彙－情緒顯著性和語境效價，而 LPC 則反映了情緒一致性被破壞時，後期階段語用和語意的再分析過程。這些結果凸顯了髒話的認知複雜性及其受到言談層面因素調控的情形。
This research explores the neural processing of swearing in daily discourse through two ERP (Event-Related Potential) experiments, focusing on how contextual valence (positive vs. negative) and swear word position (before or after context) modulate the brain’s responses to swearing. While behavioral measures in both experiments showed high accuracy and no significant effects of contextual valence, electrophysiological data revealed distinct neural dynamics at early and late processing stages.
In Experiment 1, the swear word followed two-clause contexts of either positive or negative valence. ERP results revealed a robust P200 effect (105–250 ms): swear words elicited greater anterior positivity than neutral words, while negative contexts induced stronger posterior P200 responses than positive ones. These findings suggest functional differentiation: anterior P200 reflected lexical-emotional salience (i.e., swearing), while posterior P200 reflected contextual emotional valence. Notably, during the late processing window (550–750 ms), a significant Context × Word interaction was observed: swear words following positive contexts evoked greater LPC amplitudes than those in negative contexts. This suggests an incongruence between swearing and positive contexts, which requires reanalysis.
Experiment 2 further examined whether the position of the swear word, before or after the context sentence, modulates perception. ERP findings indicated that swear words presented before the context (Front Swear) elicited an earlier (8.8 milliseconds) and larger anterior P200 than when presented after the context (Back Swear), regardless of valence. This effect likely reflects heightened salience of swear words when unbuffered by context. Furthermore, Back Swear following positive contexts showed marginally increased P200 amplitudes, again suggesting emotional incongruence. In the late processing window (550–750 ms), positive contexts generally elicited stronger LPC than negative ones, although no significant differences were found between Front and Back Swear.
Overall, the findings demonstrate that the processing of swear words is temporally dynamic and context-sensitive. P200 reflects early lexical-emotional salience and contextual valence, while LPC indexes later-stage pragmatic and semantic reanalysis when emotional congruity is disrupted. These results underscore the cognitive complexity of swearing and its modulation by discourse-level factors. |
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| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
107555501 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107555501 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
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