English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 111283/142199 (78%)
Visitors : 48172503      Online Users : 659
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31952


    Title: 對外投資回銷決定因素之研究—以主要投資大陸地區之台灣製造業廠商為例
    Determinants of Reverse Import of Outward Investment Firms — Evidence from Taiwan’s Manufacturing Firms Primarily Investing in China
    Authors: 趙宇涵
    Chao, Yu Han
    Contributors: 黃智聰
    趙宇涵
    Chao, Yu Han
    Keywords: 台灣製造業
    回銷
    Tobit模型
    Taiwan manufacturing industry
    Reverse import
    Tobit model
    Date: 2006
    Issue Date: 2009-09-14 12:36:05 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 台灣的經濟型態屬於海島型經濟,受限於地域狹小、天然資源匱乏,在要素或產品市場都相當依賴對外投資。自1980年代起,由於國內產業環境惡化,企業為尋求低廉生產成本,維持競爭優勢,形成一股海外投資潮。1990年後,中國大陸的改革及對外開放經濟的政策,更促使台商的投資大批湧向中國大陸。2006年台商對中國大陸投資占整體海外投資比重高達63.91%,顯示海外投資高度集中於中國大陸。在廠商追求最大利潤目的下,產能外移後自有將其產品回銷台灣,搶占市場之獲利誘因。回銷可能取代國內生產,使製造業產值及就業人口減少,甚至削減貿易順差效果。而加入WTO後,政府逐步開放中國大陸商品進口,更使回銷比率大幅提升。政府應對影響廠商回銷因子有所認知並進行政策檢討,避免對相關產業造成重大不良影響。因此,本文的研究目的在於以2004至2006年經濟部統計處「製造業對外投資實況調查」中,最主要投資地區為中國大陸之製造業廠商之追蹤資料,搭配Tobit模型的估計研究,探討以下問題:一、瞭解台商對中國大陸投資概況、台灣對中國大陸產品開放進口概況及2003至2005年大陸投資台商回銷比率變化狀況;二、探究影響廠商回銷台灣金額比率之因素;三、對產品回銷所衍生問題及提昇國內產業競爭力相關議題,提供具體的政策建議。
    本文研究主要發現,廠商次要投資地區不論為歐美或東南亞地區對回銷比率均無顯著影響。廠商特性中研發密集度、廠商海外事業規模、開始投資中國大陸時間對回銷比率均無顯著影響;國際化程度及廠商國內事業規模均對回銷比率呈顯著負向影響。投資動機中當地市場發展潛力大、配合國外客戶要求或隨台灣客戶赴當地投資對回銷比率呈顯著負向影響;原料供應方便,價格便宜或利用當地價廉充沛勞工對回銷比率呈顯著正向影響;當地土地取得容易則對回銷比率無顯著影響。水平分工中,產品不同,但台灣生產的附加價值高,對回銷比率呈顯著正向影響;產品相同,但台灣產品較高級以及產品種類及品質完全相同均對回銷比率影響不顯著。垂直分工關係中,台灣生產零組件與半成品,海外事業裝配及生產成品,以及海外事業生產零組件與半成品,台灣裝配及生產成品,對回銷比率均具有顯著正向影響,且後者之係數估計值高於前者。中國大陸投資事業之行銷方式由台灣母公司負責行銷,對回銷比率有顯著正向影響關係。對外投資之23個行業中,有16個行業之回銷比率,相對於食品及飲料製造業顯著為高,其中係數值前五大為精密器械業、電子零組件業、家具及裝設品業、運輸工具製造修配業與電腦通信及視聽電子產品業,顯示這些產業之回銷比率相較於其他產業為高。最後,由時間虛擬變數估計結果發現,相對於2003年,2004年回銷比率並無顯著地高於2003年,但2005年回銷比率顯著地高於2003年。
    Taiwan economy is an inland-style economy, curbed by limited land and lack of natural resource; Taiwan’s factor and product market depend heavily on investment to foreign countries. Starting from the 1980s, due to the deterioration of domestic industry environment, enterprises were searching for lower production costs to maintain competitive advantages; a trend of overseas investment hence formed. After 1990, Mainland China’s reforms and open economic policy have led to a huge inflow of Taiwanese investment into Mainland China. In 2006, Taiwan businesses’ investment in Mainland China is as high as 63.91% of Taiwan’s total overseas investment signaling high concentration of Taiwan overseas investment in Mainland China. Under the objective of maximizing profit, the enterprises have incentives to reverse import their products back to Taiwan for grabbing market share after moving their production capacity overseas. The reverse import could replace domestic production and lead to reduction in manufacturing output value and employment, even reduce the trade surplus effect. After join WTO, the government has gradually opened the market for products from Mainland China which leads to a sharp increase in the reverse import ratio. The government should understand the factors affecting enterprises’ decision on reverse import products back to Taiwan and carry out policy reviews to avoid creating significantly negative impacts on related industries. Accordingly, the research of this thesis aims to use the panel data of manufacturing firms who are primarily investing in China from the “Survey of Current Condition on Manufacturing Industry Overseas Investment” compiled by Department of Statistics of Ministry of Economic Affairs between 2004 and 2006 and combine with Tobit model to conduct an estimation research and probe into the following issues: 1. Understand the general condition of Taiwanese business’ investment in China, the general condition of Taiwan’s progress in opening up market for products from Mainland China and the variation of reverse import ratios of Taiwanese business investing in Mainland China between 2003 and 2005; 2. Probe into the factors affecting the reverse import ratio; 3. Offer concrete policy suggestions for problems generated from product reverse import from China to Taiwan and the related issues of enhancing competitive capability of domestic industries.
    The major finding of this study is that the secondary investment area has no significantly impact to reverse import ratio no matter the area is Europe, America or Southeast Asia. And if analyzing within enterprise characteristics, R&D concentration, foreign business scale and the time started to invest in Mainland China all have no significantly impact to reverse import ratio; the degree of internationalization and the enterprises’ scale in domestic have significantly negative impact to reverse import ratio. Within investment motives, local market development potential, cooperation with foreign customers’ request or the following of the footstep of their Taiwanese customers have significantly negative impact to reverse import ratio; convenient material supply, cheap input prices or the utilization of local cheap and abundant labor has significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio; the ease of obtaining land has no significantly impact to reverse import ratio. Looking into horizontal integration characteristics, for different type of products, the higher value added if produced in Taiwan has significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio; for same type of products but Taiwan products have higher grade and same quality products, they all have no significantly impact to reverse import ratio. Within the vertical integration relationship, if Taiwan companies make components and semi finished products and their overseas divisions are in charge of assembly and making finished products or the reverse situation all have significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio, and the later situation has higher estimated coefficient value than the former situation. If the parent company in Taiwan is taking charge of the marketing and sell of its invested business in Mainland China, the situation has significantly positive impact to reverse import ratio. Within the 23 industries which invested abroad, compared with food & beverage manufacturing industry, 16 industries have significantly higher reverse import ratios, and the industries which have the top 5 coefficient value are precision equipment, electronic parts & components, furniture & fixture, transportation tool manufacturing & repairing and Computer, Communication, Video & Radio electronic product industries; in other words, these five industries have higher reverse import ratios compared with other industries. Finally, from estimation results on time dummy variable, the study found that the reverse import ratio of 2004 is not significantly higher than that of 2003, however, the reverse import ratio of 2005 is significantly higher than that of 2003.
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    于卓民、翁煌哲(2006),「循序漸進的海外投資策略-以台灣資訊電子零組件產業對中國投資為例」,《管理評論》,25(1),頁47~68。
    左炳堤(1995),《對外投資與回銷問題之研究》。台北:國立台灣大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。
    江明玉(2005),《影響廠商全球化佈局之因素分析-以台灣製造業為例》。台北:東吳大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。
    吳姵嬅(2004),《子公司策略角色、投資動機、區位選擇及群聚效益之研究-以大陸台商為例》。台北:大同大學事業經營研究所碩士論文。
    周建亨(2002),《多國籍企業海外投資動機與企業內貿易效果關係之研究-以台灣資訊電子業為例》。台北:中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所博士論文。
    林惠玲(1998),《台商赴大陸投資決定因素之探討-紡織工業與電子電器業之實證研究》。台北:台大經濟系研討會論文。
    胡國椿(1994),《內外銷比例與大陸台商資金管理政策關係之研究-以食品業、橡塑膠業及電子業為例》。台北:大葉大學事業經營研究所碩士論文。
    高孔廉、黃銘章(1999),「台灣上市公司赴大陸投資型態與經營成效之研究」,《第一屆台灣管理學術國際研討會論文集》,頁311~340。
    高長(2001),「製造業赴大陸投資經營當地化及其對台灣經濟之影響」,《經濟情勢暨評論》,7(1),頁138~173。
    翁鳳吟(2005),《廠商特性和資源配置型態與大陸投資決策及投資績效之關聯性研究》。台北:國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文。
    陳哲正(2003),《台商製造業投資中國大陸區位選擇之研究》。台北:國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文。
    陳添枝(1995),「對外投資對台灣產業發展之影響」,收錄於《台灣產業發展與政策》,楊雅惠主編,台北:中華經濟研究院,頁433~462。
    陳棋凱(2004),《台商南向西進之決定因素分析》。台北:東吳大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。
    黃台心(2005),《計量經濟學》。台北:雙葉書廊有限公司。
    鄭維浩(1995),《臺商赴大陸投資之投資動機與國際行銷策略之研究》。台南:國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
    劉羽芬(2003),《台商在中國大陸再投資之因素探討》。台北:國立清華大學高階主管經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    劉孟俊(2003),「後SARS時代,我國大陸投資與產業聚落政策之省思」,《經濟情勢暨評論》,9(2),頁48~66。
    劉孟俊、陳信宏、吳明澤、周欣儀、歐宜佩(2004),《92年度赴大陸投資事業營運狀況調查分析報告》。台北:經濟部投審會研究計畫報告。
    劉碧珍、林惠玲(2001),「對外投資與回銷決策-臺灣製造業之驗證」,《經濟論文叢刊》,29(4),頁479~510。
    謝寬裕(1999),「產品生命週期貿易理論在臺灣產業發展之應用」,《臺灣土地金融季刊》,36(3),頁93~115。
    魏上凌(2002),《台商對大陸投資進入時機、區域群聚與績效關係之研究》。台北:國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
    蕭士堯(2002),《台灣廠商對外投資區位選擇與銷售策略之研究》。台北:國立台灣大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。
    顧瑩華、陳添枝、林祖嘉(2000),「東南亞及中國大陸臺商生產及行銷策略之比較」,《東南亞投資雙月刊》,14,頁1~11。
    二、英文部分
    Andersson, T. and T. Fredriksson (2000), “Distinction between Inter-mediate and Finished Products in Intra-firm Trade.” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 18, 773-792.
    Buckley, P. and M. Cassons (1976), The Future of Multinational Enterprises. London: Macmillan.
    Chakraborty, C. and R. Diwan (1989), “R&D and Components of Technical Change.” Eastern Economic Journal, 15(4), 365-371.
    Chen, T. J. and Y. P. Chen (1995), “Foreign Direct Investment and Deindustrialization: The Case of Taiwan.” Journal of Industry Studies, 2, 57-68.
    Chen, T. J. , H. M. Chen, and Y. H. Ku (2004), “Foreign Direct Investment and Local Linkages.” Journal of International Business Studies, 35(4), 320-333.
    Dunning, J. H. (1980), “Toward an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Test.” Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), 9-31.
    Frisch, R. (1934), “Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems.” Technical Report 5, Economics Institute, University of Oslo, Norway.
    Hanson, G. H., R. J. Mataloni, Jr., and M. J. Slaughter (2001) , “Expansion Strategies of U.S. Multinational Firms.” NBER Working Paper, 8433, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Hill, C. R., W. E. Griffiths, and G. G. Judge, (2001), Undergraduate Econometrics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Hymer, S. H. (1960), The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment by Ph.D. Thesis, MIT, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
    Kobrin, S. J. (1991), “An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Global Integration.” Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), 17-31.
    Kojima, K. (1973), “A Macroeconomic Approach to Foreign Direct Investment.” Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 14, 1-21.
    Kojima, K. (1978), “Japanese and America Direct Investment in Asia: A Comparative Study.” Third International Conference on MNE, 39-107.
    Ozawa, T. (1979), “International Investment and Industrial Structure: New Theoretical Implications form the Japanese Experience.” Oxford Economics Paper, 31, 72-92.
    Tobin, J. (1958), “Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables.” Econometrica, 26, 24-36.
    Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 190-207.
    三、網站資料
    外交部網站:http://www.mofa.gov.tw/。
    全國工業總會服務網:http://www.cnfi.org.tw/。
    國際貿易局經貿資訊網網站:http://www.trade.gov.tw/。
    經濟部工業局網站:http://www.moeaidb.gov.tw/。
    經濟部投審會網站:http://www.moeaic.gov.tw/。
    經濟部統計處網站:http://2k3dmz2.moea.gov.tw/gnweb/。
    經濟部貿易調查委員會網站:http://www.moeaitc.gov.tw/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    94921030
    95
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094921030
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File SizeFormat
    index.html0KbHTML2270View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback