Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35978
|
| Title: | 兒童在母子對話中行使請求的功能分析
A Functional Analysis of Children`s Requests in Mother-Child Conversation |
| Authors: | 陳郁彬
Chen, Yupin |
| Contributors: | 黃瓊之
Huang, Chiung-chih
陳郁彬
Chen, Yupin |
| Keywords: | Language acquisition
Child language
Speech acts
request |
| Date: | 2002 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-18 16:40:51 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本論文藉由分析兩位三歲兒童和他們母親的對話來探討兒童行使請求(request)的情形。文中的討論主要涵蓋了三個層面。分別是兒童行使請求時採取的策略，使用的語言形式，以及運用的互動知識(interactional knowledge)。結果發現，兩位兒童行使請求時會採用下面的策略：指明一特定的動作、指明想要取得的物體、指出自已的需求及間接暗示。此外，他們利用以上的策略行使請求時所使用的語言形式有所不同；而這些差異似乎間接反映出這兩位兒童的一些對話或是人際互動的知識(conversational or interpersonal knowledge)影響了他們請求時所使用的語言形式。因此，本論文推論兒童在三歲左右或許已經知道了一些互動知識，而這些互動知識會影響他們在對話中如何請求。
This study aims to explore children’s requests in mother-children conversation based on dyads of two three-year-old children and their mothers. Three aspects about children’s requests in daily conversation are concerned: (1) the means or strategies children depend on to convey their request intents; (2) the formal or linguistic elements children employ to realize their request intents; and (3) the conversational or interpersonal skills children may have acquired as they are requesting. With a careful examination over the collected conversations, it is found that children at the age of three tend to demonstrate their requests through the following means. First, children indicate a specific action they intend their hearers to do in their utterances. Second, children request for a desired object by indicating literally the target objects, or information about the target object, e.g. adjectives or quantifiers. Thirdly, they indicate their self-want to have their hearer fulfill their desire. The last means children employ to request is hinting. They indirectly convey their request intents, and their hearer can infer the intended act. In addition, children usually use different formal elements to manifest their requests. For example, their requests for a specific action were found to be conveyed with imperatives, imperatives with sentence-final particles, or imperatives with A-not-A tags. Further investigation on the formal varieties of children’s requests reveals that some conversational or interpersonal factors may play a role in how children convey their request intents, e.g. cooperativeness, social status, conversational topic. The findings, therefore, show that children at the age of three have probably been aware of some conversational or interpersonal knowledge and the knowledge may affect their performance of requests in conversation. |
| Reference: | Andersen, Elaine Slosberg. 1990. Speaking with style: The sociolinguistic skills of children, 120-25. London: Routledge.
Bates, Elizabeth. 1976. Acquisition of polite forms: Longitudinal evidence. Language and context: The acquisition of pragmatics, 255-354. Academic Press.
Bochner, Sandra, Penny Price, and Jane Jones. 1998. Child language development: Learning to talk. London: Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Bohannon, John N., and John D. Bonvillian. 1997. Theoretical approaches to language acquisition. The development of language, ed. by Berko J. Gleason, 259-361. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson. 1978. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bruner, Jerome. 1981. The social context of language acquisition. Language & Communication 1. 155-78.
---. 1983. Child’s talk: Learning to use language. Walton Street, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clark, Eve. First language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, Herbert H. Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ervin-Tripp. 1977. Wait for me, roller skate. Child discourse, ed. by Susan Ervin-Tripp and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan, 165-188. Academic Press. NY: New York.
Foster, Susan H. 1990. The communicative competence of young children: A modular approach. New York: Longman.
Garvey, Catherine. 1974. Reqeusts and responses in children’s speech. Journal of Child Language 2. 41-63.
Gordon, David, and Susan Ervin-Tripp. 1984. The structure of children’s requests. The acquisition of communicative competence, ed. by Richard L. Schiefelbusch and Joamme Pickar, 295-321. Maryland: University Park Press.
Guo, Yu-Feng. 2001. A case study on South-Min pragmatic characteristic and development of a 2-year-old child. Unpublished M.A. Thesis of National Hsin-Chu Teachers College.
Hsiao, Hui-chen. 1999. A development study of polite registers in school-age children’s request. Unpublished M.A. Thesis of the Catholic Fu-Jen University.
Hsu, Joseph H. 1996. A study of the stages of development and acquisition of Mandarin Chinese by children in Taiwan, 137-48. Taipei, Taiwan: the Crane Publishing.
Hsu, Joseph H. 2000. A study of the acquisition of communicative competence: Social appropriateness in interactional speech. National Science Council Research Paper.
Hymes, D. H. 1967. Models of the interaction of language and social setting. Problems of Bilingualism, Journal of Social Issues 23. 8-28.
Hymes, D. H. 1972. On communicative competence. Sociolinguistics, ed. by J. B. Pride and J. Holmes, 269-93 Penguin.
Levinson, Stephen C. 1983. Pragmatics. NY. Cambridge University Press.
Lindfors, Judith Wells. 1987. Children’s language and learning. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
MacWhinney, Brain. 1995. The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
Mcshane, John. 1980. Learning to talk. London: Cambridge University Press.
Ninio, Anat, and Catherine E. Snow. 1996. Pragmatic development. Westview Press.
Sealey, Alison. 1999. ‘Don’t be cheeky’: Requests, directives and being a child. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3. 24-40.
Searle, John. 1975. A taxonomy of illocutionary acts. Minnesota studies in the philosophy of language, ed. by K. Gunderson. University of Minnesota Press.
Shih, Hsueh-wei. 1998. Forms, usage, and meanings of command in Mandarin Chinese: A sociolinguistic approach. Unpublished M.A. Thesis of National Cheng-Chi University.
Snow, Catherine. 1984. Parent-child interaction and the development of communicative ability. The acquisition of communicative competence, ed. by Richard L. Schiefelbusch and Joamme Pickar, 68-107. Maryland: University Park Press. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
89555001
91 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089555001 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| index.html | 0Kb | HTML2 | 463 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
