Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/76829
|
| Title: | 消費者視覺觀點與廣告訴求類型適配度之體現模擬與溝通效果
The Effects of Embodied Simulation of Fit between Customers` Visual Perspectives and Advertising Appeals |
| Authors: | 董重麟 |
| Contributors: | 別蓮蒂
沈永正
董重麟 |
| Keywords: | 心像
視覺觀點
體現模擬
預設用途線索
mental imagery
visual perspective
embodied simulation
affordance |
| Date: | 2015 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-07-27 11:16:37 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究主要探討消費者想像視角與訊息相適配之說服效果。心像是指感官資訊在短期記憶中運作的心理歷程，在說服文獻中扮演著重要的角色。由過去文獻可知，個體在進行想像時，可以採取兩種不同的想像觀點，一個是行動者觀點，另一個是旁觀者觀點。兩種不同視覺觀點會提供不同的心像資訊，進而影響個體對所想像事件或行動的解讀。旁觀者觀點強調行為的個人意義及個性上的展現，而行動者觀點則強調情境所賦予的感覺及所喚起的情緒。視覺觀點在社會心理學中已有廣泛的研究，但尚未應用到行銷說服領域中。本研究藉由整合心像、視覺觀點、及體現模擬的相關文獻，提出一個觀念性的研究架構，試圖說明當消費對採用不同的視覺觀點時，是如何影響其對廣告訴求的偏好，且是藉由何種心理機制來中介視覺觀點與廣告訴求相一致的說服效果。
針對上述的研究目的，本論文設計三個研究來驗證視覺觀點與廣告訴求適配的說服效果。研究一主要是驗證，若消費者採用行動者觀點來想像，則偏好體驗型產品，相反的，若消費者採用旁觀者觀點來想像，則偏好象徵型產品。研究二主要驗證，若消費者採用行動者觀點來想像，則廠商的溝通策略應強調產品屬性的體驗性利益，相反的，若消費者採用旁觀者觀點來想像，當廠商的溝通策略應強調產品屬性的象徵性利益。研究三是植基體現模擬中預設用途的概念，主要探討的是，如何在廣告圖片中安排預設用途線索，進而可以激發不同的視覺觀點。特別的是，當廣告圖片中有互動的預設線索時，則可以激發出旁觀者觀點，此時應強調象徵型訴求，相反的，當廣告圖片中沒有互動的預設線索時，則可以激發出行動者觀點，此時應強調體驗型訴求。且由三個研究結果可知，視覺觀點與廣告訴求相適配所產生的較佳產品態度，是由體現模擬所中介的。
The purpose of this research is to understand the persuasive impact of the fit between the visual perspectives and the advertising appeals. Mental imagery, the process by which sensory information is represented in working memory, plays a critical role in persuasion. From a review of the literature, we realize that events can be imagined through the first-person perspective or the third-person perspective. The adoption of the specific vantage point can determine the inference people make about an imagined situation. In particular, the third-person perspective results in a greater dispositional inference, and highlights the broader meaning of the imagined situation, whereas the first-person perspective discloses more information about the inner, affective components of the imagined situation. Visual perspectives have been studied extensively in social psychology, but its implication is rarely applied to consumer behavior.
This study adopts three experiments to examine the persuasive impact of fit between the consumers’ visual perspectives and advertising appeals. Study One suggests that when consumers adopt the first-person visual perspective, compared to a symbolic product, consumers would prefer the experiential product; on the other hand, when consumers adopt a third-person visual perspective, compared to an experiential product, consumers would select the symbolic product. Study Two proposes that when consumers adopt the first-person visual perspective, manufacturers should emphasize a product’s symbolic benefits. On the contrary, when consumers adopt a third-person visual perspective, manufacturers should stress a product’s experiential benefits. Study Three demonstrates that affordance cues would prime different visual perspectives, and when the visual perspective and advertising appeals fit mutually, it will have a strong persuasive effect. In particular, when there is an affordance cue in an advertisement, it will encourage consumers to adopt the third-person visual perspective, and then prefer symbolic appeals. On the contrary, when an advertisement does not have any affordance cues, it will stimulate consumers to embrace the first-person visual perspective, and then prefer experiential appeals. All three studies demonstrate that when there is a fit between the visual perspectives and the advertising appeals, consumers will generate a fluent embodied simulation, which would lead them to have a positive product attitude and purchase intention.
The results of these three studies not only enrich the literature of visual imagery and marketing communication but also provide useful advice to manufacturers, especially on how to create the fit between product positioning and advertising, in order to promote the the positive product attitude and purchase intention of customers. |
| Reference: | Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California management review, 38(3), 103.
Abelson, R. P. (1975). Does a story understander need a point of view? Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing.
Ackerman, J. M., Nocera, C. C., & Bargh, J. A. (2010). Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments and decisions. Science, 328(5986), 1712-1715.
Anderson, C. A. (1983). Abstract and concrete data in the perseverance of social theories: When weak data lead to unshakeable beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(2), 93-108.
Atance, C. M. & O`Neill, D. K. (2001). Episodic future thinking. Trends in cognitive sciences, 5(12), 533-539.
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 644-656.
Babin, L. A. & Burns, A. C. (1997). Effects of print ad pictures and copy containing instructions to imagine on mental imagery that mediates attitudes. Journal of Advertising, 26(3), 33-44.
Bargh, J. A. (2002). Losing consciousness: Automatic influences on consumer judgment, behavior, and motivation. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(2), 280-285. doi: 10.1086/341577
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(2), 230-244.
Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Trötschel, R. (2001). The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of personality and social psychology, 81(6), 1014-1027.
Bargh, J. A. & Morsella, E. (2008). The unconscious mind. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(1), 73-79.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and brain sciences, 22(04), 577-660.
Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 59, 617-645.
Beilock, S. L. & Holt, L. E. (2007). Embodied Preference Judgments Can Likeability Be Driven by the Motor System? Psychological Science, 18(1), 51-57.
Bergen, B. & Wheeler, K. (2010). Grammatical aspect and mental simulation. Brain and language, 112(3), 150-158.
Berntsen, D. & Rubin, D. C. (2006). Emotion and vantage point in autobiographical. Cognition and Emotion, 20(8), 1193-1215.
Borghi, A. M. & Cimatti, F. (2010). Embodied cognition and beyond: Acting and sensing the body. Neuropsychologia, 48(3), 763-773.
Broemer, P., Grabowski, A., Gebauer, J. E., Ermel, O., & Diehl, M. (2008). How temporal distance from past selves influences self‐perception. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(4), 697-714.
Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (1994). Exploring the" planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 366.
Burns, A. C., Biswas, A., & Babin, L. A. (1993). The operation of visual imagery as a mediator of advertising effects. Journal of Advertising, 22(2), 71-85.
Cacioppo, J. T., Priester, J. R., & Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes: II. Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1), 5.
Casasanto, D. & Chrysikou, E. G. (2011). When left is “right” motor fluency shapes abstract concepts. Psychological Science, 22(4), 419-422.
Cesario, J., Grant, H., & Higgins, E. T. (2004). Regulatory fit and persuasion: Transfer from" feeling right.". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(3), 388.
Chang, C.-C. & Chou, Y.-J. (2008). Goal orientation and comparative valence in persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 37(1), 73-87.
Chao, L. L. & Martin, A. (2000). Representation of manipulable man-made objects in the dorsal stream. Neuroimage, 12(4), 478-484.
Chartrand, T. L., Maddux, W. W., & Lakin, J. L. (2005). Beyond the perception-behavior link: The ubiquitous utility and motivational moderators of nonconscious mimicry. The new unconscious, 334-361.
Childers, T. L. & Houston, M. J. (1984). Conditions for a picture-superiority effect on consumer memory. Journal of Consumer Research, 643-654.
Childers, T. L., Houston, M. J., & Heckler, S. E. (1985). Measurement of individual differences in visual versus verbal information processing. Journal of Consumer Research, 125-134.
Conway, M., Meares, K., & Standart, S. (2004). Images and goals. Memory, 12(4), 525-531.
D`Argembeau, A., Comblain, C., & Van der Linden, M. (2003). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for positive, negative, and neutral events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 281-294.
D`Argembeau, A. & Van der Linden, M. (2008). Remembering pride and shame: Self-enhancement and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory. Memory, 16(5), 538-547.
Dahl, D.W., A. Chattopadhyay and G. J. Gom (1999), `The Use of Visual Mental Imagery in New Product Design, Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (1), 18-28.
Dahl, D. W. & Hoeffler, S. (2004). Visualizing the self: Exploring the potential benefits and drawbacks for new product evaluation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(4), 259-267.
Dhar, R., Huber, J., & Khan, U. (2007). The shopping momentum effect. Journal of marketing research, 44(3), 370-378.
Dhar, R. & Wertenbroch, K. (2000). Consumer choice between hedonic and utilitarian goods. Journal of marketing research, 37(1), 60-71.
di Pellegrino, G., Rafal, R., & Tipper, S. P. (2005). Implicitly evoked actions modulate visual selection: Evidence from parietal extinction. Current Biology, 15(16), 1469-1472.
Dijksterhuis, A. & Van Knippenberg, A. (1998). The relation between perception and behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(4), 865-877.
Elder, R. S. & Krishna, A. (2012). The “visual depiction effect” in advertising: Facilitating embodied mental simulation through product orientation. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(6), 988-1003.
Escalas, J. E. (2004). Imagine yourself in the product - Mental simulation, narrative transportation, and persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 33(2), 37-48.
Escalas, J. E. (2007). Self‐Referencing and Persuasion: Narrative Transportation versus Analytical Elaboration. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(4), 421-429.
Förster, J. & Dannenberg, L. (2010). GLOMOsys: A systems account of global versus local processing. Psychological inquiry, 21(3), 175-197.
Fabrigar, L. R. & Petty, R. E. (1999). The role of the affective and cognitive bases of attitudes in susceptibility to affectively and cognitively based persuasion. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 25(3), 363-381.
Feiereisen, S., Wong, V., & Broderick, A. J. (2008). Analogies and mental simulations in learning for really new products: The role of visual attention. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(6), 593-607.
Fiske, S. T., Taylor, S. E., Etcoff, N. L., & Laufer, J. K. (1979). Imaging, empathy, and causal attribution. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15(4), 356-377.
Frank, M. G. & Gilovich, T. (1989). Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(3), 399.
Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Counterfactuals as behavioral primes: Priming the simulation heuristic and consideration of alternatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(4), 384-409.
Gibbs, R. W. (2006). Embodiment and cognitive science: Cambridge Univ Pr.
Gibson, E. J. (1982). The concept of affordances in development: The renascence of functionalism. The concept of development: The Minnesota symposia on child psychology, 15, 55-81.
Gibson, E. J. & Walker, A. S. (1984). Development of knowledge of visual-tactual affordances of substance. Child development, 453-460.
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. Hilldale, USA.
Gollwitzer, P. M., Heckhausen, H., & Steller, B. (1990). Deliberative and implemental mind-sets: Cognitive tuning toward congruous thoughts and information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1119.
González, J., Barros-Loscertales, A., Pulvermuller, F., Meseguer, V., Sanjuán, A., Belloch, V., & Ávila, C. (2006). Reading cinnamon activates olfactory brain regions. Neuroimage, 32(2), 906-912.
Green, M. C. & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(5), 701.
Gregory, W. L., Cialdini, R. B., & Carpenter, K. M. (1982). Self-relevant scenarios as mediators of likelihood estimates and compliance: Does imagining make it so? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(1), 89.
Grewal, D.,Monroe, K. B.,Krishnan, R.(1998).The effects of price-comparison advertising on buyers` perceptions of acquisition value, transaction value, and behavioral intentions.Journal of Marketing,62(2),46-59.
Guiltinan, J. P.(1987).The price bundling of services: A normative framework.Journal of Marketing,51(2),74-85
Havas, D. A., Glenberg, A. M., Gutowski, K. A., Lucarelli, M. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2010). Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin-A affects processing of emotional language. Psychological Science.
Higgins, E. T., Idson, L. C., Freitas, A. L., Spiegel, S., & Molden, D. C. (2003). Transfer of value from fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(6), 1140.
Hirschman, E. C. & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: emerging concepts, methods and propositions. The Journal of marketing, 92-101.
Holbrook, M. B., Chestnut, R. W., Oliva, T. A., & Greenleaf, E. A. (1984). Play as a consumption experience: The roles of emotions, performance, and personality in the enjoyment of games. Journal of Consumer Research, 728-739.
Holbrook, M. B. & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 132-140.
Holmes, E. A. & Mathews, A. (2005). Mental imagery and emotion: A special relationship? Emotion, 5(4), 489.
Hung, I. W., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2012). Lenses of the Heart: How Actors` and Observers` Perspectives Influence Emotional Experiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(6), 1103-1115.
Idson, L. C., Liberman, N., & Higgins, E. T. (2004). Imagining how you’d feel: The role of motivational experiences from regulatory fit. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 30(7), 926-937.
Jackson, P. L., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2006). Neural circuits involved in imitation and perspective-taking. Neuroimage, 31(1), 429-439.
Janiszewski, C. (1990). THE INFLUENCE OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENT ORGANIZATION ON AFFECT TOWARD A BRAND NAME. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(1), 53-65. doi: 10.1086/208536
Janiszewski, C. (1993). PREATTENTIVE MERE EXPOSURE EFFECTS. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 376-392. doi: 10.1086/209356
Jones, E. E. & Nisbett, R. E. (1971). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior: General Learning Press Morristown, NJ.
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. The Journal of marketing, 1-22.
Keller, P. A. & McGill, A. L. (1994). Differences in the relative influence of product attributes under alternative processing conditions: Attribute importance versus attribute ease of imagability. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 3(1), 29-49.
Kihlstrom, J. F. & Harackiewicz, J. M. (1982). The earliest recollection: A new survey. Journal of Personality, 50(2), 134-148.
Kim, K., Zhang, M., & Li, X. (2008). Effects of temporal and social distance on consumer evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(4), 706-713.
Kisielius, J. & Sternthal, B. (1984). Detecting and explaining vividness effects in attitudinal judgments. Journal of marketing research, 54-64.
Kisielius, J. & Sternthal, B. (1986). Examining the vividness controversy: An availability-valence interpretation. Journal of Consumer Research, 418-431.
Kosslyn, S. M. Thompson, W. L., & Ganis, G. (2006). The case for mental imagery: New York: Oxford University Press.
Kross, E., Ayduk, O., & Mischel, W. (2005). When asking “why” does not hurt distinguishing rumination from reflective processing of negative emotions. Psychological Science, 16(9), 709-715.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (2008). Metaphors we live by: University of Chicago press.
Lee, A. Y. & Aaker, J. L. (2004). Bringing the frame into focus: the influence of regulatory fit on processing fluency and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 205.
Lee, A. Y. Keller, P. A., & Sternthal, B. (2010). Value from regulatory construal fit: The persuasive impact of fit between consumer goals and message concreteness. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(5), 735-747.
Lee, S. W. & Schwarz, N. (2010). Dirty hands and dirty mouths embodiment of the moral-purity metaphor is specific to the motor modality involved in moral transgression. Psychological Science.
Libby, L. K. & Eibach, R. P. (2002). Looking back in time: Self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(2), 167-179. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.167
Libby, L. K. & Eibach, R. P. (2011). Self-enhancement or self-coherence? Why people shift visual perspective in mental images of the personal past and future. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 37(5), 714-726.
Libby, L. K. & Eibach, R. P. (2011). Visual Perspective in Mental Imagery: A Represention Tool That Functions in Judgement, Emotion,and Self-insight. In K. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol 44 (Vol. 44, pp. 185-245).
Libby, L. K., Eibach, R. P., & Gilovich, T. (2005). Here`s looking at me: The effect of memory perspective on assessments of personal change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 50-62. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.50
Libby, L. K., Shaeffer, E. M., & Eibach, R. P. (2009). Seeing Meaning in Action: A Bidirectional Link Between Visual Perspective and Action Identification Level. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 138(4), 503-516. doi: 10.1037/a0016795
Libby, L. K., Shaeffer, E. M., Eibach, R. P., & Slemmer, J. A. (2007). Picture yourself at the polls - Visual perspective in mental imagery affects self-perception and behavior. Psychological Science, 18(3), 199-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01872.x
Libby, L. K., Valenti, G., Hines, K. A., & Eibach, R. P. (2014). Using imagery perspective to access two distinct forms of self-knowledge: Associative evaluations versus propositional self-beliefs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 492.
Libby, L. K., Valenti, G., Pfent, A., & Eibach, R. P. (2011). Seeing Failure in Your Life: Imagery Perspective Determines Whether Self-Esteem Shapes Reactions to Recalled and Imagined Failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1157-1173. doi: 10.1037/a0026105
Lorenz, C. & Neisser, U. (1985). Factors of imagery and event recall. Memory & Cognition, 13(6), 494-500.
Lutz, K. A. & Lutz, R. J. (1977). Effects of interactive imagery on learning: Application to advertising. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 493.
Lutz, K. A. & Lutz, R. J. (1978). Imagery-eliciting strategies: Review and implications of research. Advances in consumer research, 5(1), 611-620.
Macinnis, D. J. & Price, L. L. (1987). The role of imagery in information-processing: Review and extensinns. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(4), 473-491. doi: 10.1086/209082
MacInnis, D. J. & Price, L. L. (1987). The role of imagery in information processing: Review and extensions. Journal of Consumer Research, 473-491.
MacInnis, D. J. & Price, L. L. (1990). An exploratory study of the effects of imagery processing and consumer experience on expectations and satisfaction. Advances in consumer research, 17(1), 41-47.
Maclnnis, D. J. & Jaworski, B. J. (1989). Information processing from advertisements: Toward an integrative framework. The Journal of marketing, 1-23.
Malaviya, P. & Sternthal, B. (2009). Parity product features can enhance or dilute brand evaluation: The influence of goal orientation and presentation format. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(1), 112-121.
Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British journal of Psychology, 64(1), 17-24.
McIsaac, H. K. & Eich, E. (2002). Vantage point in episodic memory. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 9(1), 146-150.
McIsaac, H. K. & Eich, E. (2004). Vantage point in traumatic memory. Psychological Science, 15(4), 248-253.
McQuarrie, E. F. & Phillips, B. J. (2005). Indirect persuasion in advertising: How consumers process metaphors presented in pictures and words. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 7-20.
Nenkov, G. Y. (2012). It’s all in the mindset: Effects of varying psychological distance in persuasive messages. Marketing Letters, 23(3), 615-628.
Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(3), 184-211.
Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. Cognitive Psychology, 15(4), 467-482.
Olson, J. C. & Mitchell, A. A. (2000). Are product attribute beliefs the only mediator of advertising effects on brand attitude? Advertising & Society Review, 1(1).
Oppenheimer, D. M. (2008). The secret life of fluency. Trends in cognitive sciences, 12(6), 237-241.
Paivio, A. (1990). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. Journal of marketing research, 6(1), 43-53.
Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, 45(3), 255.
Park, C. W., Jaworski, B. J., & Maclnnis, D. J. (1986). Strategic brand concept-image management. The Journal of marketing, 135-145.
Petrova, P. K. & Cialdini, R. B. (2005). Fluency of consumption imagery and the backfire effects of imagery appeals. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 442-452.
Petrova, P. K. & Cialdini, R. B. (2008). Evoking the imagination as a strategy of influence. Handbook of consumer psychology, 505-524.
Petty, R. E. & Wegener, D. T. (1998). Matching versus mismatching attitude functions: Implications for scrutiny of persuasive messages. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 24(3), 227-240.
Phelps, E. A. (2004). Human emotion and memory: interactions of the amygdala and hippocampal complex. Current opinion in neurobiology, 14(2), 198-202.
Pierno, A. C., Tubaldi, F., Turella, L., Grossi, P., Barachino, L., Gallo, P., & Castiello, U. (2009). Neurofunctional modulation of brain regions by the observation of pointing and grasping actions. Cerebral Cortex, 19(2), 367-374.
Piolino, P., Desgranges, B., Clarys, D., Guillery-Girard, B., Taconnat, L., Isingrini, M., & Eustache, F. (2006). Autobiographical memory, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective in aging. Psychology and aging, 21(3), 510.
Pitts, R. E., Wong, J. K., & Whalen, D. J. (1991). Consumer’s evaluative structures in two ethical situations: A means-end approach. Journal of Business Research, 22(2), 119-130.
Pronin, E. & Ross, L. (2006). Temporal differences in trait self-ascription: when the self is seen as an other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(2), 197.
Reber, R., Schwarz, N., & Winkielman, P. (2004). Processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure: is beauty in the perceiver`s processing experience? Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(4), 364-382.
Reber, R., Winkielman, P., & Schwarz, N. (1998). Effects of perceptual fluency on affective judgments. Psychological Science, 9(1), 45-48.
Rizzolatti, G. & Arbib, M. A. (1998). Language within our grasp. Trends in neurosciences, 21(5), 188-194.
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3(2), 131-141.
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2000). Cortical mechanisms subserving object grasping and action recognition: A new view on the cortical motor functions. The cognitive neurosciences, 2, 539-552.
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2006). Mirrors in the mind. Scientific American, 295(5), 54-61.
Robinson, J. A., & Swanson, K. L. (1993). Field and observer modes of remembering. Memory, 1(3), 169-184.
Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 192.
Rossiter, John and Larry Percy (1980), "Attitude Change through Visual Imagery in Advertising," Journal of Advertising, 9 , 10-16.
Sadeghipour, A. & Kopp, S. (2012). Gesture processing as grounded motor cognition: Towards a computational model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32, 213-223.
Sanitioso, R. B. (2008). Motivated self and recall: Visual perspectives in remembering past behaviors. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(3), 566-575.
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007). Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 657-661.
Schlosser, A. E. (2003). Experiencing products in the virtual world: The role of goal and imagery in influencing attitudes versus purchase intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 184-198. doi: 10.1086/376807
Schwarz, N. (2004). Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(4), 332-348.
Shaeffer, E. M., Libby, L. K., & Eibach, R. P. (2011). Perspective primes processing style. Manuscript in preparation.
Shen, H. & Sengupta, J. (2012). If you can`t grab it, it won`t grab you: The effect of restricting the dominant hand on target evaluations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(2), 525-529.
Shen, H. & Wyer Jr, R. S. (2008). Procedural priming and consumer judgments: Effects on the impact of positively and negatively valenced information. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(5), 727-737.
Sherman, S. J., Cialdini, R. B., Schwartzman, D. F., & Reynolds, K. D. (1985). Imagining can heighten or lower the perceived likelihood of contracting a disease the mediating effect of ease of imagery. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 11(1), 118-127.
Simmons, W. K., Martin, A., & Barsalou, L. W. (2005). Pictures of appetizing foods activate gustatory cortices for taste and reward. Cerebral Cortex, 15(10), 1602.
Singer, J. L. (1978). Experimental studies of daydreaming and the stream of thought The stream of consciousness (pp. 187-223): Springer.
Smith, E. R. (1994). Procedural knowledge and processing strategies in social cognition. Handbook of social cognition, 1, 99-151.
Storms, M. D. (1973). Videotape and the attribution process: reversing actors` and observers` points of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(2), 165.
Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 768.
Sutin, A. R. & Robins, R. W. (2008). When the “I” looks at the “Me”: Autobiographical memory, visual perspective, and the self. Consciousness and cognition, 17(4), 1386-1397.
Swan, J. E. & Combs, L. J. (1976). Product performance and consumer satisfaction: a new concept. The Journal of marketing, 25-33.
Swann, W. B. & Miller, L. C. (1982). Why never forgetting a face matters: Visual imagery and social memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 475.
Talarico, J. M., LaBar, K. S., & Rubin, D. C. (2004). Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience. Memory & Cognition, 32(7), 1118-1132.
Terry, W. S. & Barwick, E. C. (1995). Observer versus field memories in repressive, low anxious, and obsessive-compulsive subjects. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 15(2), 159-169.
Thompson, D. V. & Hamilton, R. W. (2006). The effects of information processing mode on consumers’ responses to comparative advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4), 530-540.
Trope, Y. & Liberman, N. (2000). Temporal construal and time-dependent changes in preference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 876.
Tucker, M. & Ellis, R. (1998). On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 830.
Tucker, M. & Ellis, R. (2001). The potentiation of grasp types during visual object categorization. Visual cognition, 8(6), 769-800.
Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory: from mind to brain. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 1-25.
Unnava, H. R., Agarwal, S., & Haugtvedt, C. P. (1996). Interactive effects of presentation modality and message-generated imagery on recall of advertising information. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(1), 81-88. doi: 10.1086/209468
Valenti, G., Libby, L. K., & Eibach, R. P. (2011). Looking back with regret: Visual perspective in memory images differentially affects regret for actions and inactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(4), 730-737.
Valenti, G. & MacGregor, K. (2011). Perspective and morality. Unpublished raw data.
Vallacher, R. R. & Wegner, D. M. (1987). What do people think they`re doing? Action identification and human behavior. Psychological review, 94(1), 3.
Vallacher, R. R. & Wegner, D. M. (1989). Levels of personal agency: Individual variation in action identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(4), 660.
Vasquez, N. A. & Buehler, R. (2007). Seeing future success: Does imagery perspective influence achievement motivation? Personality and social psychology bulletin, 33(10), 1392-1405. doi: 10.1177/0146167207304541
Weiss, E., Siedentopf, C., Hofer, A., Deisenhammer, E., Hoptman, M., Kremser, C., . . . Delazer, M. (2003). Sex differences in brain activation pattern during a visuospatial cognitive task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy volunteers. Neuroscience letters, 344(3), 169-172.
Williams, A. D. & Moulds, M. L. (2007). Cognitive avoidance of intrusive memories: Recall vantage perspective and associations with depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(6), 1141-1153.
Wilson, M. (2002). Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(4), 625-636.
Xu, A. J. & Wyer, R. S. (2008). The Comparative Mind-Set From Animal Comparisons to Increased Purchase Intentions. Psychological Science, 19(9), 859-864.
Xu, A. J., Zwick, R., & Schwarz, N. (2012). Washing away your (good or bad) luck: physical cleansing affects risk-taking behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 26.
Yoshino, A., Inoue, M., & Suzuki, A. (2000). A topographic electrophysiologic study of mental rotation. Cognitive Brain Research, 9(2), 121-124.
Zatorre, R. J. & Halpern, A. R. (2005). Mental concerts: musical imagery and auditory cortex. Neuron, 47(1), 9-12.
Zhao, M., Hoeffler, S., & Dahl, D. W. (2009). The role of imagination-focused visualization on new product evaluation. Journal of marketing research, 46(1), 46-55.
Zhong, C.-B, & Liljenquist, K. (2006). Washing away your sins: Threatened morality and physical cleansing. Science, 313(5792), 1451-1452.
Ziamou, P. L. & Veryzer, R. W. (2005). The Influence of Temporal Distance on Consumer Preferences for Technology‐Based Innovations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(4), 336-346. |
| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
97355509 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0973555092 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [企業管理學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 509201.pdf | 3518Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 126 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
