近來台灣在通過地方制度法等與地方自治有關的法律,以及大法官會議做出幾次解釋,確認地方自治的制度性保障地位,宣告中央與地方走入新行政關係,一方面國家政策有其一體性,但地方自治團體有發展施政優先性的自主地位。在中央與地方的新行政關係下,政策協調卻出現問題,例如地方政府分擔健保費用之補助、台北市里長延選案等,都出現中央與地方之間缺乏溝通協調機制問題,以致影響地方自治功能的發揮。本文參酌德國、日本與英國法制與管理措施,探究未來中央與地方政策協調的類型以及可行的管理措施。\\r本文發現,我國在地方制度法、立法院職權行使法、行政程序法上都有修法納入地方政府參與政策制定與協商的空間與必要性,立法裁量以及中央行政高權的情形應該自我約束以及節制。其次,各國為處理中央與地方關係,都會發展出多層次的聯繫與互動網絡以進行溝通,這類的溝通網絡或是府際垂直關係,通常包括諮詢、政策協調與協力關係的結構與過程,藉以追求國家政策的一致性。因此,聯誼會、聯繫會報,甚或類似日本的地方行政聯絡會議、或是縣市長會、議長會等等,都可以針對地方建設的法律、政令或是計畫進行討論以及施政經驗交流、學習,甚或透過黨籍立委提出法律修正案,這些都可在中央與地方互動關係中,透過管理作為強化地方政府的集體發言權以及影響力。 In countries featuring multi-tiered government, it is necessary that the levels of government communicate with each other. These lines of communication include structures and processes by which governments develop for intergovernmental consultation, co-ordination, and co-operation. Significant changes in the intergovernmental relation in Taiwan are now taking place as a result of legislations, the Local Institution Law of 1999, for example. The new devolved administration will seek to pursue a coherent set of policy. This study focuses on exploring trends and institutions of policy consultation and co-operation in UK, Germany and Japan. In this study, we insist that the management of network and interagency cooperation includes the following elements: attention to the interactions of shared-power fields; the use and design of forums and committee, and the management and design of democratic meta-governance mechanisms, to meet complex social needs and maintain the social trust on government.
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中國行政, 77,133-162 Chinese journal of administration