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    Title: 華語批評委婉語研究與教學應用
    A Study on Chinese Indirect Speech Acts in Criticism and Pedagogical Applications
    Authors: 曾瑋庭
    Tseng, Wei-Ting
    Contributors: 鍾曉芳
    Chung, Siaw-Fong
    曾瑋庭
    Tseng, Wei-Ting
    Keywords: 批評
    間接言語行為
    華語教學
    語用策略
    Criticism
    Indirect Speech Act
    Chinese Teaching
    Pragmatic Strategies
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-03-09 18:55:32 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 人們在溝通時,會使用一些語用策略,如Leech(1983)提出的禮貌原則(politeness principle),強調應在對話時盡量縮小雙方的分歧以及對他人的貶損。尤其在批評他人的時候,為了讓對方不要因批評受到太大的刺激或傷害,用委婉的方式告訴對方十分重要。這些技巧對於華語學習者來說十分困難,但在教材中卻極為缺乏,蘇婉蓉(2012)檢視了《新版實用視聽華語》5冊及《遠東生活華語》3冊的教材,批評相關語料只有17筆,而且情境設定幾乎都是平輩之間的批評,這樣不完整的語用知識,會使學生難以應用於現實生活中,若透過真實語料設計更多元的批評對象與情境,必能大大幫助教學者及學習者。
    關於委婉言語相關研究,前人大部分都使用問卷或是教材蒐集語料(劉怡君,2006;蘇婉蓉,2012;李欣儒,2017),以語料庫作為蒐集工具的研究是相對少數的。語料庫中的語料不但真實,涵蓋範圍及領域也相當廣泛、多元,非常適合作為語料蒐集的工具。不過,語料庫缺乏對話形式的語料,也無法得知說話者與聽話者之間的關係與對話時的情境,問卷能夠補足這些不足之處,故本研究以語料庫以及問卷作為兩個主要的研究工具。
    本研究運用語料庫及問卷蒐集豐富的批評委婉語語料,並歸納批評委婉語常用的策略。批評策略分為核心行為及輔助行為兩部分,其中核心行為又分成了直接批評以及間接批評兩種(Chen,2004;張曉飛,2017;李松蔓和彭爽,2019),間接批評為批評委婉語常用的批評策略,但過去研究中對於間接批評之分類並不統一,本研究透過語料庫與問卷語料分析、統整,歸納出了完整的批評委婉語核心行為以及輔助行為策略。
    語料庫之語料固然真實,但卻無法完整呈現說話時的情境以及說話者與聽話者間的社會地位關係及親疏程度,為了使研究更加完整,並能製作出更全面的模板,必須透過問卷研究出華語母語者在不同情境下、面對不同社會地位及親疏關係的聽話者時,說話者策略的選擇與搭配。最後,綜合所有研究成果,製作完整的批評委婉語模板,幫助華語學習者學習如何以委婉的方式批評他人,並能聽懂華語母語者的委婉策略。同時,讓華語教師能將模板運用於課堂練習,且將此方法運用至未來的語用教學,有助於課堂準備及教學。
    People use pragmatic strategies when communicating. Leech (1983) proposed a principle of politeness that people should minimize the expression of disagreement between self and other. Especially when criticizing others, it is important to prevent listeners from being too irritated or hurt by criticism. In these scenarios, indirect speech acts are typically used. These skills are difficult for second language learners as there exists little teaching material for this topic. Such insufficient pragmatic knowledge will make it difficult for students to apply indirect speech acts in real life. If we can provide templates for more diverse critical situations through the corpus, it will greatly help teachers and learners.
    Most studies on indirect speech acts have used real life examples and questionnaires or research through textbooks. Some studies used corpus as a tool. Although a corpus covers a wide and diverse range of data, making it a very suitable research tool, it does not necessarily include content of daily conversations, and it is also difficult to know the relationship between the speaker and the listener, as well as the situation of the conversation. The questionnaire can make up for these deficiencies, and therefore, this study utilized both corpus and questionnaire as the two main research tools.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    華語文教學碩博士學位學程
    108161004
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108161004
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[華語文教學博/碩士學位學程] 學位論文

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