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| Title: | 孫文と近代日本 |
| Authors: | 藤井昇三 |
| Keywords: | 辛亥革命;革命援助;アジア主義;王道・覇道;不平等条約 |
| Date: | 2006-01 |
| Issue Date: | 2016-08-30 16:13:29 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 西元2005年是1905年孫文在東京成立中國同盟會，實現革命勢力團結一致一百週年紀念，因此特別具有歷史意義。孫文在致力革命運動的一生當中，海外亡命達19年之久，其中亡命日本更長達9年。在日本期間，全力強化革命組織，籌措資金，購置武器彈藥等，一切都是為武裝革命做準備。 孫文在第一次世界大戰前採取全面依賴日本援助的態度。但自1919年開始批判日本的帝國主義。也就是孫文由對日依賴轉為對日批判的轉折點。關於大力援助孫文的日本友人，必須提及梅屋庄吉、宮崎滔天、萱野長知、山田良政‧純三郎兄弟等五人。如沒有這些日本友人的獻身援助，那麼辛亥革命的成功、中華民國的建立都可說是困難重重。孫文在1924年最後一次訪日時，在神戶舉行了有名的「大亞洲主義」演講。在演講中孫文向2000多名的市民提出廢棄不平等條約的訴求，要求日本國民在王道與霸道間做抉擇。 這次的「大亞洲主義」演講也可謂孫文對日本的「遺言」。但是日本違背孫文的期待，選擇走向侵略戰爭的路，最後形成破局。
This year, 2006, is the one hundredth anniversary of establishing the Zhong Guo Tong Meng Hui(中國同盟會) in 1905 in Tokyo. Sun Yat-sen lived in foreign countries in exile for about 19 years, among which he lived in Japan for about 9 years, mostly in Yokohama for about 5 years and in Tokyo for about 4 years, making every effort for strengthening the revolutionary groups, collecting money and obtaining weapons and munitions in preparation for uprising in China mainland. Sun, from the beginning of his revolutionary movement in 1894, continued to follow the policy of relying upon Japan’s assistance until the First World War, while he changed his policy to criticize Japan’s policy toward China as imperialism. Among the Japanese citizens, the following five persons contributed greatly to the success of 1911 Revolution of China and to the establishment of the Republic of China :Umeya Shōkichi(梅屋庄吉), Miyazaki Tōten(宮崎滔天), Kayano Nagatomo(萱野長知), Yamada Yoshimasa and Junzaburō(山田良政‧純三郎). Without the assistances of these Japanese, 1911 Revolution would not have succeeded. Sun, during the last visit to Japan in 1924, made a historical speech regarding ”Pan-Asianism” before more than two thousand of citizens in Kōbe. He appealed to the audience regarding the abolishment of unequal treaties between China and the powers including Japan, and asked the Japanese people to choose which to follow either Hegemonism(霸道) of the West or Kingly Way(王道) of the East. This speech was, as it were, a final testament(遺言) of Sun Yat-sen to the Japanese people. To the contrary of Sun’s wish, Japan afterwards followed the way of Hegemonism, invaded China, and met the catastrophe in 1945. |
| Relation: | 政大日本研究,第三號,31-56
Chengchi journal of Japanese studies |
| Data Type: | article |
| Appears in Collections: | [第3號] 期刊論文
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